五、支撑保障体系不断夯实
V. Continuous Consolidation of Support and Safeguard Systems文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/16283.html
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中国持续加强碳排放统计核算、标准计量等基础能力建设，提升科技创新能力，完善经济支持政策，健全市场化机制，工作支撑保障逐步加强。文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/16283.html
文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/16283.html
China is continuing to strengthen its foundational capabilities in carbon emissions statistics, accounting, measurement standards, and other related aspects, while boosting scientific and technological innovation and improving its economic support policies and market-based mechanisms to systematically bolster its carbon reduction efforts.文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/16283.html
文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/16283.html
（一）基础能力持续提升文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/16283.html
文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/16283.html
- Continuously Raising Foundational Capabilities
文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/16283.html
建立统一规范的碳排放统计核算体系。健全国家和省级地区碳排放统计核算制度，统一数据标准和核算方法。完善重点行业碳排放核算机制，出台电力、钢铁、有色金属等重点行业企业温室气体排放核算方法及相关国家标准。完善国家温室气体清单编制机制，建立常态化管理和定期更新机制。上线国家温室气体排放因子数据库，首次发布第一版近300个排放因子。文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/16283.html
Establishing a unified and standardized statistics and accounting system for carbon emissions. China has improved carbon emissions statistics and accounting systems at both the national and provincial level by adopting uniform data standards and accounting methods. By introducing greenhouse gas emissions accounting methods and relevant national standards for enterprises in key sectors such as power, steel, and non-ferrous metals, it has refined the carbon emissions accounting mechanisms for these sectors. It has also improved the compilation mechanism for the national greenhouse gas inventory by establishing processes for regular management and updating. Additionally, it has launched a national greenhouse gas emissions factors database, with the first edition containing nearly 300 emissions factors.
完善“双碳”标准计量体系。建立健全“双碳”标准体系，在企业碳排放核算、能效能耗、循环降碳、绿色产品、碳减排技术等方向，共发布110项“双碳”领域国家标准。加强碳计量能力建设，批准建设11项碳排放相关国家计量基准、71类计量标准装置和134类标准物质，推进国家碳计量中心建设。
Refining the standards and measurements for peak carbon and carbon neutrality. China has established a robust standards framework for its peak carbon and carbon neutrality goals, issuing 110 national standards in total, covering corporate carbon accounting, energy efficiency and consumption, carbon reduction through the circular economy, green products, and carbon reduction technologies. The country is also strengthening its carbon metrology capacity, having approved the establishment of 11 national metrological benchmarks, 71 types of metrological standard devices, and 134 types of standard materials related to carbon emissions. Progress has been made in establishing national carbon measurement centers.
提升碳足迹管理水平。夯实碳足迹核算标准基础，发布产品碳足迹核算通则《温室气体 产品碳足迹 量化要求和指南》，发布13项产品碳足迹国家标准，涉及电解铝、畜产品、塑料制品、内燃机等重点产品；发布两批工业产品碳足迹核算规则团体标准推荐清单，共涉及38项团体标准，涵盖钢铁、有色金属、水泥等重点产品。发布2023年、2024年电力碳足迹因子数据。加强产品碳标识认证制度建设，围绕10类重点产品、26家认证机构开展产品碳足迹试点工作。组织开展碳排放核查检验检测机构专项监督检查，推动提升检验检测技术支撑能力。
Improving the management of carbon footprints. China has consolidated the foundation of carbon footprint accounting standards by releasing the standard Greenhouse Gases – Carbon Footprint of Products – Requirements and Guidelines for Quantification, which provides general rules for carbon footprint accounting of products, as well as 13 national standards for product carbon footprints, covering key products such as electrolytic aluminum, livestock products, plastic products, and internal combustion engines. Two batches of recommended group standards for carbon footprint accounting rules for industrial products have also been released, involving a total of 38 group standards that cover key products such as iron and steel, non-ferrous metals, and cement. The 2023 and 2024 electricity carbon footprint factors have been issued. Additionally, the country has improved the certification system for carbon labeling of products and carried out pilot work on product carbon footprints, involving 10 categories of key products and 26 certifying institutions. It has also organized special supervision and inspection of carbon emissions verification, inspection and testing institutions to promote the supporting capabilities of inspection and testing technologies.
（二）支持政策有力有效
- Adopting Effective Support Policies
完善支持绿色低碳发展的经济政策。中国建立健全支持绿色低碳发展的财税价格政策。在政府采购中推行强制采购、优先采购节能环保产品，目前政府采购节能环保产品规模占同类产品采购规模的比例超过85%。完善绿色电价政策，优化绿色投资政策。健全绿色金融标准体系，实施碳减排支持工具等结构性货币政策工具。完善气候投融资政策体系，部署开展23个气候投融资地方试点，指导地方建设气候投融资项目库。截至2024年底，中国本外币绿色贷款余额36.6万亿元，投向具有碳减排效益的贷款占比接近七成。2024年，绿色保险业务保费收入达3331.49亿元；绿色债券发行量为6814.32亿元，是2020年的2.5倍。
Improving economic policies that support green and low-carbon development. China has introduced and improved financial, tax and price policies that support green and low-carbon development. It has adopted compulsory and prioritized government procurement of energy-efficient and environmentally friendly products, with government procurement accounting for about 85 percent of the total procurement of such products. It has optimized green electricity pricing policies and green investment policies, improved the green finance standard system, and implemented structural monetary policy tools such as those supporting carbon reduction. It has improved the policy framework for climate investment and financing, launched 23 local pilot programs for climate investment and financing, and guided local governments to build climate investment and financing project pools. By the end of 2024, China’s balance of green loans in local and foreign currencies stood at RMB36.6 trillion, with nearly 70 percent of the loans being directed towards projects with carbon emissions reduction effects. In the same year, the premium income of green insurance businesses reached RMB333.15 billion, while the issuance of green bonds reached RMB681.43 billion, 2.5 times that of 2020.
实施大规模设备更新和消费品以旧换新。中国实施大规模设备更新和消费品以旧换新行动，大力促进先进设备生产应用，推动先进产能比重持续提升，推动高质量耐用消费品更多进入居民生活。这既是经济政策，更是着眼长远促进绿色转型的气候政策。2025年1－8月，消费者在汽车、家电以旧换新活动中，购买的新能源汽车占比超过60%，1级能效家电销售额占比达92%；全国新增智能化社区回收设施9000余个。2024年和2025年“两新”政策预计形成节能量超过6900万吨标准煤，减少碳排放超过1.7亿吨。
Implementing large-scale equipment renewal and consumer goods trade-in. China has rolled out large-scale equipment renewal and consumer goods trade-in programs to promote the production and application of advanced equipment, increase the proportion of advanced production capacity, and encourage wider use of higher-quality consumer durables by residents. This is not only an economic policy, rather, it is a long-term climate policy aimed to promote the green transformation. From January to August 2025, new energy vehicles accounted for over 60 percent of car trade-in sales, and appliances of Level 1 energy efficiency – the highest level of efficiency – made up 92 percent of home appliances trade-in sales; more than 9,000 community-based smart recycling facilities were added nationwide. The renewal and trade-in policies are expected to result in energy saving equivalent to over 69 million tonnes of standard coal and reduction of carbon emissions of over 170 million tonnes between 2024 and 2025.
（三）科技创新深度赋能
- Boosting Scientific and Technological Innovation as an Enabling Factor
加强前沿颠覆性低碳技术创新。高度重视“双碳”关键技术基础性研究，在可再生能源、储能与智能电网等关键领域持续取得突破。2024年，中国绿色低碳技术的PCT国际专利申请公开量达6356件，是2020年的2.3倍，连续四年位居世界第一。
Strengthening innovation in cutting-edge and disruptive low-carbon technologies. China attaches great importance to basic research in key technologies for peak carbon and carbon neutrality goals. This has allowed the country to consistently achieve breakthroughs in key areas such as renewable energy, energy storage, and smart power grids. In 2024, China’s international patent applications for green and low-carbon technologies under the Patent Cooperation Treaty reached 6,356, which was 2.3 times of the number in 2020, ranking first in the world for the fourth consecutive year.
促进绿色低碳先进适用技术落地应用。中国实施绿色低碳先进技术示范工程，发布两批共计148项绿色低碳先进示范项目和五批共计227项国家重点推广的低碳技术，加大低碳成熟先进适用技术转化和产业化推广。出台节能降碳技术装备、重大环保技术装备等目录，引导企业积极采用节能、降碳、减污技术。
Promoting the application of advanced and applicable green, low-carbon technologies. China continues to implement demonstration projects of advanced green and low-carbon technologies. It has released 148 advanced green and low-carbon demonstration projects in two batches and 227 national key low-carbon technologies in five batches, and has strengthened the transformation and industrialization of mature, advanced and applicable low-carbon technologies. It has introduced inventories of energy-efficient and carbon-reducing technologies and equipment and major environmental protection technologies and equipment to guide enterprises to actively adopt energy-efficient, carbon-reduction and pollution-reduction technologies.
（四）市场化机制日益完善
- Gradually Improving the Market-Oriented Mechanism
完善中国碳排放权交易市场制度体系。中国于2021年7月正式启动全国碳排放权交易市场，纳入电力、钢铁、水泥、铝冶炼等行业，覆盖全国60%以上的碳排放量。截至2025年9月底，全国碳排放权交易市场配额累计成交量约7.28亿吨，累计成交额约498.3亿元。
Improving the institutional framework of China’s carbon emissions trading market. In July 2021, China officially launched its national carbon emissions trading market, which includes industries such as electricity, iron and steel, cement, and aluminum metallurgy, covering more than 60 percent of the country’s carbon emissions. As of the end of September 2025, the cumulative quota trading volume in this market had reached some 728 million tonnes, with a cumulative trading value of about RMB49.83 billion.
推动中国温室气体自愿减排交易市场建设取得新进展。中国于2024年1月启动全国温室气体自愿减排交易市场，出台造林碳汇等6类项目方法学。截至2025年10月底，累计登记项目31个，减排量达1504万吨；累计成交量约323万吨，成交额约为2.7亿元。
Making new progress in the construction of its voluntary greenhouse gas emissions reduction trading market. In January 2024, China launched its national voluntary greenhouse gas emissions reduction trading market (China Certified Emission Reduction market), and introduced methodologies for six types of projects, including carbon sequestration through afforestation. As of the end of October 2025, a total of 31 projects had been registered, achieving an emissions reduction of 15.04 million tonnes, while the cumulative trading volume had reached about 3.23 million tonnes, with a turnover of about RMB270 million.
增强绿证绿电市场活力。中国的绿证已经实现可再生能源电力全覆盖，截至2025年8月底，中国累计核发绿证69.24亿个，其中可交易绿证46.56亿个。中国于2021年9月正式启动绿电交易市场，截至2025年8月底，中国各电力交易中心完成绿色电力交易2050亿千瓦时，同比增长43.3%。
Enhancing the vitality of the green-certificate and green electricity market. Green certificates now cover the entirety of China’s renewable energy power generation sector. As of the end of August 2025, China had issued a total of some 6.92 billion green certificates, about 4.66 billion of which were tradable. The country officially launched its green electricity trading market in September 2021, and by the end of August 2025, power trading centers in China completed green electricity trading of 205 TWh, a year-on-year increase of 43.3 percent.
