六、减贫进入攻坚阶段
VI. Poverty Reduction at a Crucial Stage文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/400.html
文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/400.html
中国的减贫事业取得了举世瞩目的伟大成就，谱写了人类反贫困历史上的辉煌篇章，但同时中国政府也清楚地看到，中国减贫面临的形势依然严峻。贫困人口规模较大，贫困程度较深，减贫成本更高，脱贫难度更大，是当前中国减贫面临的主要问题。中国减贫已进入啃硬骨头、攻坚拔寨的冲刺期。文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/400.html
文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/400.html
The remarkable achievements of China’s poverty reduction strategy will figure prominently in the history of mankind’s fight against poverty. However, the Chinese government is fully aware that the fight remains tough as the country still has a large population living in profound poverty, and the solutions to their problems are becoming increasingly costly and complex. Faced with these major problems, China has entered the crucial stage of poverty reduction – this will prove a hard nut to crack.文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/400.html
文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/400.html
目前，中国减贫所面对的多数是贫中之贫、困中之困，减贫任务十分艰巨。一是数量多。截至2015年年底，全国还有14个集中连片特殊困难地区、832个贫困县、12.8万个建档立卡贫困村，贫困人口达5575万人，相当于中等人口规模国家的总人数。二是难度大。未脱贫人口大多贫困程度更深、自身发展能力较弱，脱贫攻坚成本更高、难度更大。三是时间紧。中国已提出从2016年起，平均每年要减贫1000万人以上。四是易返贫。不少贫困户稳定脱贫能力差，因灾、因病、因学、因婚、因房返贫情况时有发生，新的贫困人口还会出现。文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/400.html
文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/400.html
Most of the targets of China’s poverty reduction efforts are now those living in extreme poverty, and this poses formidable problems for the country. The first issue is the scale of the problem. By the end of 2015, there were still 14 contiguous poor areas with special difficulties, 832 impoverished counties, 128,000 registered poor villages, and 55.75 million people living in poverty – this is the equivalent of the entire population of a medium-sized country. The second problem is the nature of the challenge – the increasing cost and complexity resulting from the extreme degree of poverty afflicting the majority of these people, and their weak capacity for development. The third is time pressure – China has set itself the goal of lifting 10 million people out of poverty every year from 2016. The fourth is the high risk of a return to poverty – a large number of poor households struggle to remain free of poverty, and can be pushed back into poverty as a result of factors such as natural disaster, illness, or issues involving education, marriage and housing; they therefore rejoin the existing impoverished population.文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/400.html
文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/400.html
图表：2011—2015年农村贫困人口累计减少10992万人
Chart: Rural population lifted out of poverty from 2011 to 2015 totaling 109.92 million
消除贫困、改善民生、实现共同富裕，是社会主义的本质要求，也是中国共产党的重要使命。党的十八大以来，以习近平同志为总书记的党中央为彻底解决贫困问题，让贫困地区人民群众生存权、发展权有更坚实的保障，坚持创新、协调、绿色、开放、共享的新发展理念，充分发挥政治优势和制度优势，把精准扶贫、精准脱贫作为基本方略，坚持扶贫开发与经济社会发展相互促进，坚持精准帮扶与集中连片特殊困难地区开发紧密结合，坚持扶贫开发与生态保护并重，坚持扶贫开发与社会保障有效衔接，举全党全社会之力，坚决打赢脱贫攻坚战。2015年年底，中共中央、国务院发布关于打赢脱贫攻坚战的决定，提出了“十三五”（2016－2020年）脱贫攻坚的总体目标：到2020年，稳定实现农村贫困人口不愁吃、不愁穿，义务教育、基本医疗和住房安全有保障；实现贫困地区农民人均可支配收入增长幅度高于全国平均水平，基本公共服务主要领域指标接近全国平均水平；确保现行标准下农村贫困人口实现脱贫，贫困县全部摘帽，解决区域性整体贫困。2016年3月，《中华人民共和国国民经济和社会发展第十三个五年规划纲要》发布，对全力实施脱贫攻坚总体目标作出战略部署。
It is an essential requirement of socialism as well as a key mission of the CPC as the ruling party to eradicate poverty, improve people’s living standards, and achieve common prosperity among the people. Since the 18th CPC National Congress held in 2012, aimed at eliminating poverty and better protecting the people’s rights to live and to develop in impoverished areas, the CPC Central Committee led by General Secretary Xi Jinping has committed China to pursuing innovative, balanced and eco-friendly development featuring openness and sharing, to making best use of its political and institutional strengths, and to implementing the basic strategy of taking targeted measures for poverty alleviation. The Central Authorities are determined to mobilize all members of the Party and the society to achieve poverty eradication by ensuring that progress in development-oriented poverty alleviation is coordinated with overall economic and social development, by combining two strategies-applying targeted measures for poverty alleviation and developing contiguous poor areas with special difficulties, by attaching equal importance to poverty alleviation and ecological protection, and by integrating poverty alleviation with social security. The CPC Central Committee and the State Council jointly issued the Decision on Winning the Fight Against Poverty at the end of 2015, and defined the overall goals of poverty eradication for the 13th Five-Year Plan period (2016-2020). By 2020, the state is committed to ensuring that the impoverished rural population has stable access to adequate food and clothing, compulsory education, and basic medical services and housing; to realizing a growth rate of per-capita disposable income in poor rural areas higher than the national average; to achieving indices of major basic public services close to the national average levels; to ensuring that the rural population living below the current poverty threshold and all impoverished counties are all lifted out of poverty; and to solving the problems of regional poverty. In March 2016, the Outline of the 13th Five-Year Plan for National Economic and Social Development was released, laying out strategies for striving toward the overall goals of poverty alleviation.
为实现上述目标，中国政府根据2014年年底贫困人口统计数据，分别制定了不同的脱贫方案。第一，通过产业扶持，帮助有劳动能力和生产技能的3000万贫困人口脱贫。第二，通过转移就业，帮助1000万贫困人口脱贫。第三，通过易地搬迁，帮助“一方水土养不起一方人”地区的约1000万贫困人口脱贫。第四，通过全部纳入低保覆盖范围，实现社保政策兜底脱贫。中国政府承诺，在2015年已经完成1442万人脱贫的基础上，从2016年起每年都要完成1000万以上贫困人口的脱贫任务。
Based on statistics collected at the end of 2014 for the population living in poverty, the government has worked out specific schemes to actualize the overall goals: first, helping 30 million people who have the ability to work and possess productive skills to escape from poverty by supporting them in developing their industries; second, helping 10 million people escape from poverty by transferring them to locations where they can find employment; third, helping 10 million people whose land does not provide subsistence to escape from poverty by relocating them to other places; fourth, bringing all the impoverished population under the coverage of the rural subsistence allowance system and eradicating poverty through the guarantee of social security. The government has pledged to lift 10 million people out of poverty every year from 2016 on the basis of 2015 figure of 14.42 million.
中国政府把脱贫攻坚列为工作重点，编制了全国“十三五”脱贫攻坚规划和年度减贫计划。中央政府各部门制定支持脱贫攻坚的具体方案和指导意见。各省区市全面落实中央减贫决定，编制省级“十三五”脱贫攻坚规划，出台包括一个全面推进脱贫攻坚的文件以及若干个配套文件在内的“1+N”精准脱贫系列文件。各行业部门将扶贫内容纳入“十三五”行业专项规划优先安排。
Based on the National Plan for Poverty Alleviation in the 13th Five-Year Plan Period and the Annual Poverty Reduction Plan, central government departments have drawn up specific schemes and guidance for poverty alleviation. Local governments of the provinces and equivalent units have comprehensively implemented the central government plan, worked out local plans for poverty alleviation in the 13th Five-Year Plan period, and published their “1+N” targeted poverty alleviation policies (one over-all policy plus a number of supporting policies). All sectors have included poverty alleviation into their specialized industrial plans in the 13th Five-Year Plan period, and made poverty reduction a priority in implementation.
中国政府为打赢脱贫攻坚战提供充足的财政支持。今后5年，确保政府扶贫投入力度与脱贫攻坚任务相适应，保证脱贫攻坚的需要。中央财政继续加大对贫困地区的转移支付力度，中央财政专项扶贫资金规模实现较大幅度增长，一般性转移支付资金、各类涉及民生的专项转移支付资金和中央预算内投资进一步向贫困地区和贫困人口倾斜。
The government will provide solid financial support to achieve victory in the fight against poverty. In the coming five years, the state will ensure that its funding keeps pace with the needs of poverty alleviation. The central government will continue to increase transfer payments to impoverished areas and ensure substantial growth in central government funds for poverty alleviation. General transfer payments, specialized transfer payments concerning people’s well-being, and investments within the central budget will be tilted in support of impoverished areas and population.
中国一直是世界减贫事业的积极倡导者，国际人权事业的忠实实践者和有力推动者。中国承诺到2020年实现农村贫困人口全部脱贫，既是全面建成小康社会的必要条件，也是落实联合国《2030年可持续发展议程》的重要一步，体现了中国作为负责任大国的历史担当。中国将继续履行与自身发展阶段和发展水平相适应的国际义务，通过对外援助、项目合作、技术扩散、智库交流等多种形式，加强与发展中国家和国际机构在减贫与人权领域的交流合作，共享先进理念和经验，推动世界减贫和国际人权事业健康发展。
China remains an active advocate of the cause of world poverty alleviation, as well as a faithful practitioner and vigorous promoter of the cause of international human rights. China’s commitment to lifting the entire impoverished population in rural areas out of poverty by 2020 is a prerequisite for completing the building of a moderately prosperous society, and a crucial step in implementing the UN 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, embodying its sense of responsibility to the world as a major country. China will continue to honor international obligations commensurate with the stage and status of its own development. It will strengthen exchanges and cooperation with developing countries and international organizations in the fields of poverty alleviation and human rights. It will promote the sharing of advanced concepts and experience in these fields through multiple channels such as foreign aid, project cooperation, technology transfer, and think-tank exchanges, in order to advance the vigorous development of the causes of poverty alleviation and human rights throughout the world.
