四、改善贫困地区发展环境
IV. Improving the Development Environment of Impoverished Areas 文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/400.html
文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/400.html
加强贫困地区基础设施建设，破除发展瓶颈制约，是实现贫困地区群众生存权、发展权的基础和前提。2012年以来，中国政府继续支持贫困地区基础设施建设，切实加大投入力度，贫困地区的基本生产生活条件得到进一步改善。文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/400.html
文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/400.html
Strengthening infrastructure construction in impoverished areas to overcome obstacles to development is the basis and premise for realizing local people’s rights to subsistence and development. Since 2012, the Chinese government has supported infrastructure construction in impoverished areas with more funds, further improving basic working and living conditions in those areas.文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/400.html
文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/400.html
贫困地区通信基础设施升级改造加快。中国政府发布《“宽带中国”战略及实施方案》，加大中央财政对贫困地区通信设施建设的支持，鼓励企业承担社会责任，努力消除“数字鸿沟”对贫困地区的瓶颈制约。扎实推进贫困村信息化工作，持续深入开展乡镇互联网接入、行政村通宽带、信息下乡等方面建设，有效提升农村及贫困地区的通信基础设施水平。截至2015年年底，实现100%的行政村通电话、100%的乡镇通宽带，农村地区互联网宽带接入端口超过1.3亿个，有效提高了贫困地区的宽带网络普及率，有效改善了当地的生产生活条件，为贫困地区产业发展提供了有力支撑。中央投资92.23亿元，基本完成对20户以下已通电自然村广播电视覆盖。文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/400.html
文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/400.html
Upgrading and reconstruction of communications infrastructure in impoverished areas has been accelerated. The government issued its “Broadband China” Strategy and Implementation Plan in 2013. The central government has given more financial support to communications infrastructure construction in impoverished areas, and encouraged enterprises to shoulder social responsibilities, so as to eliminate the “digital divide” in poor areas. It has worked hard to promote IT application in poor villages, grant Internet access to towns and townships and broadband access to administrative villages, spread information in the countryside, and do other work. Thus it has effectively improved communications infrastructure in poor rural areas. By the end of 2015, all administrative villages had telephone access, all towns and townships had broadband access, and the number of Internet access ports exceeded 130 million, effectively enhancing broadband penetration in impoverished areas, improving local working and living conditions, and providing strong support to industrial development in those areas. The central government has injected RMB9.22 billion, basically achieving radio and television coverage in all natural villages with a power supply and fewer than 20 households.文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/400.html
文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/400.html
贫困地区水利建设力度加大。国家制定实施《全国水利扶贫专项规划》等10多个水利扶贫规划或方案，贫困地区水利建设明显加快。2011－2015年，中央水利投资用于中西部的比重达84%，用于民生水利建设的比重近70%。“十二五”期间，安排贫困地区中央水利投资2375亿元，累计解决1.15亿贫困地区农村居民和学校师生饮水安全问题，农村集中式供水覆盖率提高到75%以上。已开工的85项重大节水工程中，有60项惠及贫困地区，总投资达5600亿元。贫困地区共完成7700多座病险水库和大中型病险水闸除险，新建或加固江河堤防3900余公里，新增中小河流治理河长1.45万公里。新增农村水电装机750万千瓦，解决44万户农民的生活燃料问题。
Water conservancy in impoverished areas has been intensified. The government has formulated and carried out the Specialized National Plan on Poverty Reduction with Water Conservancy Efforts and more than 10 similar plans or programs, significantly quickening the pace of water conservancy projects in impoverished areas. From 2011 to 2015, 84 percent of central water conservancy funds went to central and western regions, and nearly 70 percent was used in water conservancy projects for improving people’s lives. During the 12th Five-Year Plan period, the government arranged RMB237.5 billion of central water conservancy funds for impoverished areas, providing safe drinking water to 115 million rural residents and teachers and students in poor areas, and increasing the provision of centralized water supplies in rural areas to over 75 percent coverage. Among the 85 major water-saving projects under way, 60 will benefit impoverished areas, representing an aggregate of RMB560 billion. In impoverished areas, risks have been mitigated for more than 7,700 dangerous reservoirs and dangerous large and medium-sized sluices, more than 3,900 kilometers of river embankments have been built or reinforced, and 14,500 kilometers of new medium and small rivers have been improved. The installed hydropower capacity of rural areas has grown by 7.5 million kilowatts, providing energy to 440,000 rural households.
贫困地区电力建设成效显著。2013－2015年，国家共安排投资248亿元，实施无电地区电网延伸和可再生能源供电工程，全国无电人口用电问题得到全面解决。实施农网改造升级工程，中央和地方政府加大了对贫困地区，特别是西藏、新疆及四川、云南、青海、甘肃四省藏区等西部偏远少数民族地区农村电力建设的投资支持力度，共安排农网改造升级工程投资1802亿元，大幅提升了贫困地区的供电能力和电力普遍服务水平。2016年，启动实施新一轮农村电网改造升级工程。
Remarkable progress has been made in electric power provision in impoverished areas. From 2013 to 2015, the Chinese government arranged RMB24.8 billion to extend power grids to areas without electricity and launch renewable energy power projects, fully resolving electricity problems for people without power supply services across the country. A rural power grid upgrading campaign has been launched. Both the central and local governments have given more financial support to rural power construction in impoverished areas, especially in remote western ethnic minority regions such as Tibet, Xinjiang and Tibetan-inhabited areas in the four provinces of Sichuan, Yunnan, Qinghai and Gansu. A total of RMB180.2 billion has been allocated to this work, greatly improving the power supply and the universal services in impoverished areas. In 2016, a new round of rural power grid upgrading has been launched.
贫困地区交通建设速度加快。国家制定实施《集中连片特困地区交通建设扶贫规划纲要（2011－2020年）》，“十二五”期间投入车购税资金5500亿元以上，带动全社会公路建设投入近2万亿元，全面加快了集中连片特困地区国家高速公路、普通国省道、农村公路、农村客运站点和“溜索改桥”的建设步伐，建设了33万公里农村公路，帮助654个乡镇和4.8万个建制村通硬化路。截至2015年年底，集中连片特困地区96.1%的乡镇和86.2%的建制村通硬化路，95.5%的乡镇和83.1%的建制村通班车。交通运输条件的改善，使贫困地区矿产、能源、旅游等资源得到有效开发利用，脱贫致富的步伐进一步加快。2016年，中国实施交通扶贫脱贫“双百”工程，进一步加大对交通扶贫的支持力度。
Transport improvements in impoverished areas have been accelerated. The government has enacted and implemented the Outline on Poverty Reduction with Transportation Construction in Contiguous Impoverished Areas (2011-2020). During the 12th Five-Year Plan period, the government input vehicle purchase tax funds of more than RMB550 billion, and promoted social investment of nearly RMB2 trillion in highway construction. It also accelerated construction of national expressways, general national and provincial highways, rural roads, rural passenger stations, and bridges to replace ropeways in contiguous impoverished areas, building 330,000 kilometers of rural roads, and helping 654 towns and townships, and 48,000 administrative villages to build tarmac and cement roads. By the end of 2015, in contiguous impoverished areas, tarmac and cement roads had been paved in 96.1 percent of towns and townships and 86.2 percent of administrative villages, and shuttle buses served 95.5 percent of towns and townships and 83.1 percent of administrative villages. Improved transport facilities have led to effective development and utilization of mineral resources, energy and tourist potential resources in poor areas, accelerating the pace of poverty eradication. In 2016, China launched a campaign of poverty reduction and eradication involving the construction of one million kilometers of rural roads and 100 major passageway projects.
贫困地区人居环境有效改善。中国政府启动农村危房改造工程，改造资金以农民自筹为主，政府补助为辅，中央补助标准从户均5000元提高到7500元，对贫困地区再增加1000元，帮助住房最危险、经济最贫困农户解决最基本住房安全。截至2015年底，全国累计安排1556.7亿元支持1997.4万户贫困农户改造危房。中国政府将保障基本人居卫生条件作为贫困村改善农村人居环境的首要任务，在传统村落保护、农村垃圾和污水治理等方面对贫困地区倾斜。自2012年起，贫困地区共有1194个村落列入中国传统村落名录，每村安排中央财政补助300万元用于村落保护和人居环境改善。农村垃圾治理全面推进，建立农村生活垃圾逐省验收制度，实现贫困地区和其他地区同步推进。
Living environment of impoverished areas has been improved. The government has launched a project to renovate neglected and dangerous buildings in rural areas, with funds mainly raised by farmers and supplemented by government subsidy. Central finance has increased the subsidy from RMB5,000 to 7,500 per household, and 8,500 for those in impoverished areas, securing the basic housing needs of rural families occupying the most dangerous buildings, and experiencing the greatest financial difficulties. By the end of 2015, a total of RMB155.67 billion had been allocated across the country to support 19.97 million poor rural households in renovating neglected buildings. The government sets ensuring basic sanitary conditions the primary task of improving the living environment of poor villages, and gives preferential support to impoverished areas in protecting traditional villages, and in ensuring rural garbage and sewage treatment facilities. Since 2012, 1,194 villages in impoverished areas have been included in the List of China’s Traditional Villages, each of which receives a grant of RMB3 million from central finance to protect the village and improve the living environment. Waste management is improving rapidly in rural areas, and a system of check and acceptance of treatment of rural household refuse in each province has been established, realizing synchronous progress between impoverished areas and other areas.
