三、需要说明的几个重点问题
III. Several Key Issues文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/16262.html
文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/16262.html
《建议》稿提出了一些重要观点和重大举措。这里，就其中几个重点问题作简要说明。文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/16262.html
文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/16262.html
The draft document contains a number of important points and major measures, a few of which I will briefly explain here.文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/16262.html
文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/16262.html
第一，关于“十五五”时期的重要地位。实现社会主义现代化是一个阶梯式递进、不断发展进步的历史过程，需要不懈努力、接续奋斗。《建议》稿提出，“十五五”时期在基本实现社会主义现代化进程中具有承前启后的重要地位，这是根据“十五五”时期应承担的历史任务作出的判断。党的二十大确定到2035年基本实现社会主义现代化。“十四五”时期是第一个五年，已经打下坚实基础，实现良好开局。“十五五”时期是夯实基础、全面发力的关键时期，制定和实施好“十五五”规划，就能为2035年基本实现社会主义现代化奠定更加坚实的基础。文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/16262.html
文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/16262.html
First, the important position of the 15th Five-Year Plan period 文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/16262.html
文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/16262.html
Socialist modernization can only be realized through a historical process of gradual and ongoing development. It requires the unremitting hard work of one generation after another. The draft document points out that the 15th Five-Year Plan period will serve as a critical stage in building on past successes to break new ground for basically achieving socialist modernization. This judgment is based on the historic mission of this period. The 20th National Party Congress set forth the goal of basically achieving socialist modernization by 2035. We have laid solid foundations for this by getting off to a good start in the first five years, which have made up the 14th Five-Year Plan period. The period covered by the 15th Five-Year Plan will be critical as we work to reinforce these foundations and push ahead on all fronts toward this goal. A well-conceived 15th Five-Year Plan and its effective implementation will ensure we have even stronger foundations for basically achieving socialist modernization by 2035.
《建议》稿从这个基本定位出发谋划“十五五”时期发展，既同“十四五”规划提出的理念和思路保持连续性，又准确把握未来5年我国发展大势，提出符合实际、具有前瞻性的总体思路、重大原则、主要目标、战略任务。要抓住这个时间窗口，巩固拓展优势、破除瓶颈制约、补强短板弱项，在激烈国际竞争中赢得战略主动，推动事关中国式现代化全局的战略任务取得重大突破，确保基本实现社会主义现代化取得决定性进展。
In line with this basic positioning, the draft document lays out plans for development during the 15th Five-Year Plan period. While carrying forward concepts and approaches from the 14th Five-Year Plan, it accurately identifies the general trends in China’s development over the next five years and outlines a general philosophy, core principles, major objectives, and strategic tasks that are both forward-looking and realistic. It is important that we seize this window of opportunity to consolidate and build on our strengths, remove development bottlenecks, shore up areas of weakness, seize the strategic initiative amid intense international competition, and secure major breakthroughs in strategic tasks of overall importance to Chinese modernization. All of this will allow us to secure decisive progress toward basically achieving socialist modernization.
第二，关于“十五五”时期经济社会发展目标。科学设定发展目标，对制定和实施好五年规划至关重要。《建议》稿把握“十五五”时期基本定位和阶段性要求，明确了经济社会发展的主要目标。2035年基本实现社会主义现代化，一个重要标志性指标就是人均国内生产总值达到中等发达国家水平，这要求“十五五”时期经济社会发展保持适当速度。《建议》稿在深入研究和科学论证基础上，提出经济增长保持在合理区间、全要素生产率稳步提升、经济增长潜力得到充分释放、居民收入增长和经济增长同步、劳动报酬提高和劳动生产率提高同步、中等收入群体持续扩大等重要目标。同时，根据现阶段国内经济下行压力加大、有效需求不足等突出问题，《建议》稿提出居民消费率明显提高、内需拉动经济增长主动力作用持续增强等目标。
Second, economic and social development objectives for the 15th Five-Year Plan period
Setting development objectives in a well-conceived way is crucial to the formulation and implementation of five-year plans. In the draft document, we have defined the main objectives for economic and social development according to the basic positioning of the 15th Five-Year Plan period and the specific requirements for this stage. An important benchmark for basically achieving socialist modernization by 2035 is that China’s per capita GDP will be on a par with that of a mid-level developed country by that time. This dictates that we must maintain an appropriate rate of economic and social development during the 15th Five-Year Plan period. On the basis of thorough research and scientific analysis, the draft document puts forward a range of important objectives, such as ensuring economy keeps growing within an appropriate range, realizing steady gains in total factor productivity, fully unleashing the potential for growth, ensuring personal incomes increase in step with economic growth and remuneration rises in tandem with labor productivity increases, and continuing to expand the middle-income group. In addition, in response to prominent issues in the current stage, such as mounting downward economic pressure and insufficient effective demand, the draft document also sets out objectives, including delivering a notable increase in the rate of consumer spending and reinforcing the role of domestic demand as the principal engine of economic growth.
参考以往做法，《建议》稿提出“十五五”时期经济社会发展目标主要是定性要求，必要的定量要求和一些具体工作部署则留给制定规划《纲要》时研究确定，以更好体现和发挥《建议》的宏观指导作用。
Based on past experience, the objectives for economic and social development in this draft document are primarily qualitative in nature, as it is a document of overall guidance. The necessary quantitative requirements and certain specific arrangements should be studied and determined during the formulation of the 15th Five-Year Plan for National Economic and Social Development.
第三，关于以推动高质量发展为主题。《建议》与“十四五”规划一脉相承，继续把推动高质量发展确定为“十五五”时期经济社会发展的主题，要求坚持以经济建设为中心，完整准确全面贯彻新发展理念，实现质的有效提升和量的合理增长，推动经济持续健康发展和社会全面进步。推动高质量发展，最重要是加快高水平科技自立自强，积极发展新质生产力，在推动科技创新、加快培育新动能、促进经济结构优化升级上取得实质性、突破性进展。
Third, promoting high-quality development
Following the approach of the 14th Five-Year Plan, this draft document also defines the promotion of high-quality development as the main focus in economic and social development in the 15th Five-Year Plan period. It sets the requirements of continuing to pursue economic development as our central task, fully and faithfully applying the new development philosophy on all fronts, promoting higher-quality economic growth while achieving an appropriate increase in economic output, and driving sustained, sound economic development and all-around social progress. To promote high-quality development, we must first and foremost intensify efforts toward achieving greater self-reliance and strength in science and technology, actively develop new quality productive forces, and deliver substantial progress and new breakthroughs in boosting scientific and technological innovation, fostering new drivers of growth, and promoting economic structural improvement and upgrading.
《建议》稿突出科技创新的引领作用，在建设现代化产业体系、加快高水平科技自立自强、加快经济社会发展全面绿色转型等方面作出部署，提出优化提升传统产业，培育壮大新兴产业和未来产业，巩固壮大实体经济根基；提出加强原始创新和关键核心技术攻关，推动科技创新和产业创新深度融合，一体推进教育科技人才发展，深入推进数字中国建设；提出加快建设新型能源体系，加快形成绿色生产生活方式。需要注意的是，发展新质生产力需要具备一定禀赋条件，要充分考虑现实可行性，《建议》稿强调因地制宜发展新质生产力，就是要引导大家科学理性、实事求是地开展工作，防止一哄而上。
The draft document highlights the guiding role of scientific and technological innovation and makes overall plans for modernizing the industrial system, boosting self-reliance and strength in science and technology, and accelerating the green transition across the board. It proposes to promote upgrading of traditional industries, foster emerging industries and industries of the future, and strengthen the foundations of the real economy. It recommends promoting advances in original innovation and breakthroughs in core technologies in key fields, boosting full integration between technological and industrial innovation, pursuing integrated development of education, science and technology, and human resources, and advancing the Digital China Initiative. It also makes the recommendations of moving faster to develop a new energy system and accelerating the shift to eco-friendly production practices and lifestyles. It should be noted that the development of new quality productive forces is contingent on the presence of certain resource endowments, which means we must properly assess the feasibility of all relevant plans. In highlighting the need to develop new quality productive forces in line with local conditions in the document, we aim to guide all parties concerned to adopt a sound, rational, and realistic approach in their work and refrain from rushing headlong into new initiatives.
第四，关于做强国内大循环、畅通国内国际双循环。外部环境越是严峻复杂，越要加快构建新发展格局，牢牢把握发展主动权。当前和今后一个时期，要坚持做强国内大循环，加快形成强大国内经济循环体系，以国内循环的稳定性对冲国际循环的不确定性。
Fourth, strengthening the domestic economy and promoting unimpeded domestic and international economic flows
As the international landscape becomes increasingly challenging and complex, we must move faster to create a new development pattern and keep a firm hold on the initiative in development. At present and for some time to come, we must work to strengthen the domestic economy and boost domestic economic flows, so as to leverage the stability of the domestic economy as a hedge against uncertainties in the international economy.
《建议》稿突出做强国内大循环，对建设强大国内市场、加快构建高水平社会主义市场经济体制作出部署，强调坚持扩大内需这个战略基点，坚持惠民生和促消费、投资于物和投资于人紧密结合，大力提振消费，扩大有效投资，坚决破除阻碍全国统一大市场建设卡点堵点，强调充分激发各类经营主体活力，加快完善要素市场化配置体制机制，提升宏观经济治理效能。同时，提出拓展国际循环，稳步扩大制度型开放，维护多边贸易体制，高质量共建“一带一路”。
To this end, the draft document highlights the need to strengthen the domestic economy and makes overall plans regarding the development of a robust domestic market and a high-standard socialist market economy. It emphasizes the need to pursue the strategy of expanding domestic demand, work toward improving living standards while increasing consumer spending, make investments in both physical assets and human capital, boost consumption, expand effective investment, and eliminate bottlenecks and obstacles hindering the development of a unified national market. It highlights the need to stimulate the vitality of all market entities, move faster to improve institutions and mechanisms for market-based allocation of production factors, and make macroeconomic governance more effective. The document also calls for efforts to promote broader international economic flows, expand opening up at the institutional level, safeguard the multilateral trading system, and pursue high-quality Belt and Road cooperation.
第五，关于全体人民共同富裕迈出坚实步伐。中国式现代化是全体人民共同富裕的现代化。党的十八大以来，我们坚持不忘初心，站在人民立场上考虑问题，推动区域协调发展，采取有力措施保障和改善民生，打赢脱贫攻坚战，全面建成小康社会，为促进共同富裕创造了良好条件。《建议》稿在指导思想中突出强调全体人民共同富裕迈出坚实步伐，这是指导“十五五”时期经济社会发展的一个总体性要求。
Fifth, making solid progress toward realizing common prosperity for all
Chinese modernization is the modernization of common prosperity for all. Since the Party’s 18th National Congress, we have remained true to our original aspiration and approached problems from the perspective of the people’s interests. This has seen us advancing coordinated regional development, adopting strong measures to ensure and improve the people’s wellbeing, securing victory in the fight against poverty, and building a moderately prosperous society in all respects. All this has created favorable conditions for advancing toward common prosperity for all. The section on guiding principles highlights the need to make solid progress toward realizing this objective. This also represents an overall requirement for economic and social development during the 15th Five-Year Plan period.
《建议》稿牢牢把握共同富裕的目标要求，围绕保障和改善民生，在促进高质量充分就业、完善收入分配制度、办好人民满意的教育、健全社会保障体系、推动房地产高质量发展、加快建设健康中国、促进人口高质量发展、稳步推进基本公共服务均等化等方面部署一批均衡性可及性强的政策举措。着眼缩小区域差距、城乡差别，在加快农业农村现代化、扎实推进乡村全面振兴，优化区域经济布局、促进区域协调发展等方面部署一批务实举措。着眼促进人民精神生活共同富裕，提出弘扬和践行社会主义核心价值观，大力繁荣文化事业，加快发展文化产业，提升中华文明传播力影响力。
Firmly anchored in the goal of common prosperity for all and the need to ensure and improve the people’s wellbeing, the document recommends a series of balanced and accessible policies and measures to promote high-quality full employment, optimize the income distribution system, develop education that meets the people’s expectations, refine the social security system, promote high-quality development in the real estate sector, advance the Healthy China Initiative, bolster high-quality population development, and make steady efforts to ensure equitable access to basic public services. With a view to narrowing disparities between rural and urban areas and between regions, it proposes a series of practical measures to accelerate the pace of agricultural and rural modernization, steadily advance all-around rural revitalization, improve the regional economic layout, and promote coordinated regional development. With the aim of ensuring a rich cultural life for all, it calls for efforts to promote and practice the core socialist values, boost cultural programs, accelerate the development of cultural industries, and extend the reach and appeal of Chinese civilization.
第六，关于统筹发展和安全。安全是发展的前提，发展是安全的保障。未来5年，我国各种不确定难预料的风险因素将明显增多，统筹发展和安全任务更加艰巨。《建议》稿围绕推进国家安全体系和能力现代化，提出健全国家安全体系，加强重点领域国家安全能力建设，提高公共安全治理水平，完善社会治理体系。围绕高质量推进国防和军队现代化，提出加快先进战斗力建设，推进军事治理现代化，巩固提高一体化国家战略体系和能力。
Sixth, ensuring both development and security
Security is a prerequisite for development while development provides a guarantee for security. Over the next five years, China will see a notable rise in uncertainties and unforeseen factors, which will make the task of ensuring both development and security much harder. With a view to modernizing China’s national security system and capacity, the document recommends steps for improving the national security system, building up national security capacity in key sectors, enhancing public safety governance, and improving the social governance system. With the aim of promoting high-quality modernization of national defense and the armed forces, it proposes to speed up the development of advanced combat capabilities, modernize military governance, and consolidate and improve integrated national strategies and strategic capabilities.
第七，关于坚持党的全面领导。坚持和加强党的全面领导是推进中国式现代化的根本保证。《建议》稿着眼提高党领导经济社会发展能力和水平，强调坚持和加强党中央集中统一领导，完善党中央重大决策部署落实机制；持续用党的创新理论统一思想、统一意志、统一行动；坚持正确用人导向，完善干部考核评价机制；统筹推进各领域基层党组织建设；锲而不舍落实中央八项规定精神；完善党和国家监督体系；坚决打好反腐败斗争攻坚战、持久战、总体战。
Seventh, upholding the overall leadership of the Party
We must uphold and strengthen the Party’s overall leadership, as it is the fundamental guarantee for advancing Chinese modernization. With a view to improving the Party’s ability to lead China’s economic and social development endeavors, the document emphasizes the need to uphold and strengthen the Party Central Committee’s centralized, unified leadership, refine the mechanisms through which the Party Central Committee’s major decisions and plans are carried out, continue to apply the Party’s new theories to achieve unity in thinking, will, and action, follow the right approach in selecting and appointing officials, improve the system for assessing the performance of officials, take coordinated steps to improve primary-level Party organizations in all sectors, continue to steadfastly implement the central Party leadership’s eight-point decision on improving work conduct, improve the Party and state oversight systems, and keep waging the tough, protracted, and all-out battle against corruption.
同志们，审议通过“十五五”规划《建议》，是这次全会的主要任务。大家要认真思考、深入讨论，提出建设性的意见和建议，共同把这次全会开好、把《建议》稿修改好。
Comrades,
The main task of this plenary session is to review the recommendations for the 15th Five-Year Plan. I urge all of you to give this draft your careful consideration, discuss the issues in depth, and submit constructive suggestions to effectively improve the document and make this plenary session a success.
