六、妇女儿童权利的保障
VI. Rights of Women and Children文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/11778.html
文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/11778.html
尊重妇女、保护儿童是社会文明进步的重要标志。新疆高度重视妇女儿童工作，着力解决妇女儿童发展中的突出问题，促进妇女儿童事业稳步发展，妇女儿童各项合法权益得到有效保障。文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/11778.html
文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/11778.html
Respect for women and protection of children are signs of social progress. Xinjiang attaches great importance to work related to women and children. It strives to solve the prominent problems they encounter, and promotes steady progress in the relevant undertakings. The legitimate rights and interests of women and children are effectively protected.文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/11778.html
文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/11778.html
重视提高妇女地位。新疆坚持男女平等的宪法原则，保障妇女参与国家和社会事务的民主决策、民主管理和民主监督权利。重视培养和选拔女干部，妇女参与公共事务管理的人数持续增长，女干部从1955年初的16338人增长到2019年的46.06万人。2020年初，新疆全国人大代表中女性13人，占22.41%；自治区人大代表中女性146人，占27.24%；住新疆的全国政协委员中女性8人，占23.5%。妇女参与基层民主和企业经营管理作用进一步增强。2020年，社区居民委员会成员中女性占64.7%，村委会成员中女性占30.5%。保障妇女平等就业权利，实行男女同工同酬。妇女就业规模不断扩大。2019年城镇新增就业48.09万人，其中妇女22.81万人，占比47.43%。广大妇女在各领域发挥着越来越重要的作用，社会地位、家庭地位显著提升。文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/11778.html
文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/11778.html
Emphasis is placed on improving the status of women. Xinjiang upholds the constitutional principle of equality between men and women and guarantees the right of women to participate in democratic decision-making, management and supervision of governance and social affairs.文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/11778.html
文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/11778.html
The region attaches importance to the training and selection of female officials, and the number of women participating in the administration of public affairs has continued to grow, from 16,338 in early 1955 to 460,600 in 2019. In early 2020, there were 13 female deputies to the NPC (22.4 percent of Xinjiang’s total), and 146 female deputies to the autonomous regional people’s congress (27.2 percent). Among the members of the CPPCC National Committee living in Xinjiang, eight are women (23.5 percent).
Women are playing a growing role in grassroots democracy and business management. In 2020, women took 64.7 percent of the seats in urban residents committees, and 30.5 percent in villagers committees. Xinjiang guarantees women’s equality in employment and their right to equal pay for equal work. The number of women in employment continues to expand. In 2019, 480,900 new urban jobs were created, of which 228,100 were taken up by women, accounting for 47.4 percent of the total. Women are now playing an important role in various fields, and their social and family status has improved notably.
有力保障妇女权益。新疆广泛实施妇女健康普惠项目，积极推进乳腺癌、宫颈癌免费筛查，妇女健康服务不断加强，妇女健康状况显著改善。孕产妇保健水平明显提高，2000年至2020年，孕产妇产前检查率从80.14%提高到98.53%，住院分娩率从59.69%提高到99.82%。在依法实行计划生育过程中，各族群众是否采取避孕措施、采取何种方式避孕，均由个人自主自愿决定，政府提供安全可及的生殖健康服务。随着新疆经济社会发展和人民生活水平提高，各族群众生育观念发生明显变化，自愿选择晚婚晚育、少生优生成为社会普遍现象。新疆积极发挥各级妇联组织在维护妇女合法权益中的作用，倾听妇女意见，反映妇女诉求，关心妇女工作生活，促进解决妇女权益问题。预防和制止针对妇女的家庭暴力，2020年制定施行《新疆维吾尔自治区实施〈中华人民共和国反家庭暴力法〉办法》。现有受暴妇女儿童救助（庇护）机构数226个，对遭受家庭暴力侵害后暂时无法回家的妇女提供法律咨询、心理辅导，提供临时性社会救助，有力保障了妇女权益。
Women’s rights and interests are effectively protected. Xinjiang has implemented a health program available to all women in the region, and provided free screening for breast and cervical cancer. Women’s health services and conditions have improved markedly. From 2000 to 2020, the rate of prenatal care increased from 80.1 percent to 98.5 percent, and the rate of hospital deliveries from 59.7 percent to 99.8 percent.
The local authorities in Xinjiang carry out family planning in accordance with the law. They provide quality and accessible reproductive health services, and it is up to individuals to decide whether or not to use contraceptives and how to use them. With economic and social development and higher living standards in Xinjiang, views on childbearing have changed significantly. Local people generally choose to marry later and have fewer and healthier children.
Xinjiang gives full play to the role of women’s federations in safeguarding women’s legitimate rights and interests. They listen to women’s voices, reflect their concerns, give them support in their work and life, and help resolve women’s rights issues. There is an active campaign to prevent and stop domestic violence against women. In 2020, Xinjiang formulated and enforced the Measures on Implementing the Anti-Domestic Violence Law. There are now 226 shelters for abused women and children in the region, which provide legal advice, psychological counseling and temporary social assistance to women who are unable to go home after suffering from domestic violence.
切实保护儿童权益。新疆坚持儿童优先原则，完善县、乡、村三级儿童服务体系，全面保障儿童生存权和发展权，儿童事业取得长足发展。儿童保健水平显著提高，截至2020年，婴儿死亡率由2000年的23.5‰下降到6.75‰。持续实施儿童营养改善项目，为农村婴幼儿免费发放营养包，儿童健康营养状况全面改善。疫苗接种率持续保持较高水平，免疫规划接种率达90%以上，儿童疾病预防能力加强。2020年，卡介苗、脊髓灰质炎疫苗（第三剂）、百白破疫苗（第三剂）接种率分别为99.4%、99.63%、97.39%。建立面向城乡困境儿童包括强制报告、应急处置、评估帮扶、监护干预在内的救助保护机制。健全流浪儿童救助、管理、返乡和安置保障制度。全面实现孤儿集中养育，儿童福利机构养育孤儿基本生活保障费平均标准由2012年的900元/人·月（地方900元/人·月，兵团1000元/人·月）提高到2020年的1100元/人·月。加强对儿童的法律保护力度，设立未成年人法律援助工作站点73个。通过采取普通学校随班就读、特殊教育学校就读、送教上门等方式，保障残疾儿童接受义务教育。截至2020年底，义务教育阶段残疾儿童在校生2.8万人，毛入学率为98.5%。建有32所特殊教育学校，在校生0.5万人。现有残疾儿童康复机构165个，2020年共有2850名残疾儿童得到康复救助。
Children’s rights and interests are effectively protected. Prioritizing children’s wellbeing, Xinjiang has improved the services available to children at county, township and village levels, and fully guaranteed children’s rights to subsistence and development. As a result, programs for children have made considerable progress.
Children’s health care has improved remarkably. The infant mortality rate dropped from 23.5 per thousand in 2000 to 6.75 per thousand in 2020. Xinjiang has continued to implement a program to improve children’s nutrition, providing free nutrition packages to rural children under school age, thus comprehensively improving children’s health and nutrition. Vaccination coverage among children in Xinjiang remains at a high level, with over 90 percent coverage under the national immunization program, and the region’s ability to prevent childhood diseases has been strengthened. In 2020, BCG vaccination coverage was 99.4 percent, polio (third dose) 99.6 percent, and DPT (third dose) 97.4 percent.
Xinjiang has established an assistance and protection mechanism for urban and rural children in need, including mandatory reporting, emergency response, assessment and assistance, and guardianship intervention. It has improved the system of assistance, management, family reunion, and resettlement for street children. Xinjiang has also fully implemented institutional care of orphans. The average monthly living allowance for orphans raised by child welfare institutions rose from RMB900 per person in 2012 (RMB1,000 per person in the Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, and RMB900 per person in other parts of Xinjiang) to RMB1,100 per person in 2020.
Xinjiang has strengthened the legal framework for protecting children and set up 73 legal aid stations for minors. It ensures that children with disabilities receive compulsory education in regular schools or special education schools, or are taught by teachers in their homes. At the end of 2020, there were 28,000 children with disabilities studying at compulsory education institutions, with a gross enrollment rate of 98.5 percent. The region has 32 special education schools with 5,000 students. There are now 165 rehabilitation centers for children with disabilities. A total of 2,850 children received rehabilitation assistance in 2020.
七、宗教信仰自由权利的保障
VII. Freedom of Religious Belief
尊重和保护宗教信仰自由是中国政府一项长期的基本国策。新疆坚持保护合法、制止非法、遏制极端、抵御渗透、打击犯罪的原则，全面贯彻落实宗教信仰自由政策，正常宗教活动依法受到保护，公民宗教信仰自由的权利得到有效保障。
Respect for and protection of freedom of religious belief is a basic and long-term national policy of the Chinese government. Subject to the principles of protecting lawful practices, proscribing illegal activities, containing extremism, resisting infiltration, and punishing crime, the local government of Xinjiang fully applies the policy, protecting legitimate religious activities and ensuring the public’s freedom of religious belief in accordance with the law.
依法保障宗教信仰自由权利。宗教信仰自由是公民的一项基本权利。宪法规定：“中华人民共和国公民有宗教信仰自由”“国家保护正常的宗教活动”。在新疆，公民既有信仰宗教的自由，也有不信仰宗教的自由；有信仰这种宗教或那种宗教的自由；在同一宗教中，有信仰这一教派或那一教派的自由；有过去信仰宗教现在不信仰宗教的自由，也有过去不信仰宗教现在信仰宗教的自由。任何国家机关、社会团体和个人不得强制公民信仰宗教或者不信仰宗教，不得歧视信仰宗教的公民或不信仰宗教的公民，侵犯公民宗教信仰自由要承担相应的法律责任。没有公民因信仰宗教或不信仰宗教而受到歧视和不公平待遇。
Freedom of religious belief is guaranteed by law. This freedom is a basic right of citizens. The Constitution stipulates that citizens of the People’s Republic of China shall enjoy freedom of religious belief, and that the state shall protect normal religious activities. In Xinjiang, people have the freedom to believe in or not believe in any religion, to believe in one religion in preference to another, to believe in any sect of the same religion, to abandon their past beliefs, and to become believers at their chosen time.
No organization or individual may compel citizens to believe in or not believe in any religion; nor may they discriminate against citizens who believe in or do not believe in any religion. Anyone who infringes upon the freedom of religious belief will be held legally liable. No citizen may suffer discrimination or unfair treatment for practicing or not practicing any religion.
保护合法宗教活动。新疆有伊斯兰教、佛教、基督教、天主教、道教、东正教等多种宗教。公民的正常宗教活动，如礼拜、拜佛、弥撒、祈祷、诵经等，都由宗教团体和公民自理，受法律保护，任何组织和个人不得加以干涉。中国伊斯兰教协会每年组织信教公民赴沙特朝觐，对朝觐人员的医疗、翻译等给予资助，并做好服务保障，确保朝觐活动安全有序。每逢重大宗教节日都循例举行各种宗教活动。斋月期间，清真餐馆歇业或营业完全由业主自行决定，任何组织和个人不得干涉。新冠肺炎疫情期间，各地宗教活动场所加强了服务保障和疫情防控举措，信教公民的礼拜、封斋等宗教活动平稳有序。
Lawful religious practices are protected. There are many religions in Xinjiang, including Islam, Buddhism, Taoism, and Protestant, Catholic and Eastern Orthodox Christianity. Religious activities such as attending religious services, worshipping Buddha, attending Mass, praying, and reciting scriptures are managed by religious groups and the believers themselves. Such activities are protected by law, and no organization or individual may interfere with them.
The China Islamic Association makes arrangements every year for practicing Muslims to go on pilgrimage to Mecca in Saudi Arabia. It funds medical care and interpretation for pilgrims, and offers other services to ensure safe and orderly travel.
Religious activities are held on every major religious festival. During the holy Islamic month of Ramadan, whether to close or open halal restaurants is completely determined by the owners themselves without interference. During the Covid-19 epidemic, virus prevention and control measures were taken at all the venues to ensure that worship, fasting, and other activities continued in a stable and orderly manner.
保障获取宗教知识途径。国家以多种语言文字翻译出版发行伊斯兰教、佛教、道教、基督教等宗教典籍。整理出版《大藏经》《中华道藏》《老子集成》等大型宗教古籍文献，印刷国家通用语言文字和11种少数民族文字以及盲文版的《圣经》。截至目前，在新疆发行的少数民族文字版的伊斯兰教类出版物达40多种，翻译出版国家通用语言文字和维吾尔、哈萨克、柯尔克孜等多种文字版的《古兰经》《布哈里圣训实录精华》等宗教经典书籍，编辑发行汉、维两种文字的系列《新编卧尔兹演讲集》。政府拨专款保护和整理《古兰经》《穆圣传》《弥勒会见记》等古籍，《先知传》《金光明经卷二》《弥勒会见记》等多部宗教类古籍被列入《国家珍贵古籍名录》。此外，中国伊斯兰教协会开通中文版和维吾尔文版网站。任何人都可通过合法渠道学习和了解宗教知识。
Channels for believers to gain religious knowledge are guaranteed. With state support, the religious classics of Islam, Buddhism, Taoism, and Christianity have been translated and published in multiple languages. Extensive material from ancient religious books and documents has been collated and published. Such publications include the Tripitaka, Taoist Canon of China, and Collected Editions of Dao De Jing. The Bible has been published in standard Chinese and 11 ethnic minority languages, as well as in Braille. Currently, more than 40 Islamic publications in different ethnic minority languages are distributed in Xinjiang. The Quran and Selections from Sahih al-Bukhari have been published in standard Chinese, Uygur, Kazak and Kirgiz languages. The New Collection of al-Wa’z Speeches series have been compiled and published in both Chinese and the Uygur language.
Special government funds have been allocated to protect ancient religious texts, such as the Quran, the Sira, and Maitrisimit nom bitig. Many ancient religious books, including the Tales of the Prophets (Qisas al-anbiya), Volume II of the Golden Light Sutra, and Maitrisimit nom bitig, have been included in the Catalog of National Rare Books of China.
The China Islamic Association operates both Chinese and Uygur versions of its website. Any individual can study religion through legal channels.
改善宗教活动场所设施条件。宗教活动场所依法受到保护。对喀什艾提尕尔清真寺、昭苏圣佑庙、伊宁拜图拉清真寺、和静巴伦台黄庙、和田加曼清真寺、乌鲁木齐洋行清真寺等列入国家和新疆文物保护单位的宗教活动场所，政府拨专款进行修缮。对年久失修的宗教活动场所，政府有关部门根据《中华人民共和国城乡规划法》，并尊重信教群众意愿，通过新建、迁建、扩建等，解决了安全隐患问题，保障正常宗教活动顺利进行。宗教活动场所条件持续改善，清真寺里普遍有水、电、路、气、通讯、广播电视等设施，配备有医药服务、电子显示屏、电脑、电风扇或空调、消防设施、饮水设备，主麻清真寺还有净身设施、水冲式厕所，为信教群众提供了极大便利。
Facilities and conditions of venues for religious activities have been improved. Such venues are protected in accordance with the law. Special government funds have been allocated to maintain and renovate venues listed as cultural heritage sites under the protection of the state and the autonomous region, including the Id Kah Mosque in Kashgar, Shengyou Lamasery in Zhaosu, Baytulla Mosque in Yining, Baluntai Monastery in Hejing, Jiaman Mosque in Hotan, and Yanghang Mosque in Urumqi.
In terms of venues that have fallen into disrepair, the government departments concerned, complying with the Law on Urban and Rural Planning and respecting the wishes of religious believers, have resolved potential safety hazards through reconstruction, relocation or expansion, thus ensuring the safe and orderly practice of religion.
Conditions continue to improve at the venues for religious activities. Mosques are generally equipped with running water, electricity, natural gas, and easy road access. The mosques also have communication tools, radio and television facilities, LED screens, computers, electric fans, air conditioners, water dispensers, medical services, and fire-fighting appliances. Washing and cleansing facilities have been installed in congregational mosques for Juma prayers. All this provides greater convenience for religious believers.
完善伊斯兰教教职人员培养体系。新疆通过中国伊斯兰教经学院、新疆伊斯兰教经学院、新疆伊斯兰教经文学校等培养宗教教职人员。政府出资2亿多元建设新疆伊斯兰教经学院新校区，2017年正式投入使用，新建伊犁、昌吉、乌鲁木齐、吐鲁番、阿克苏、克孜勒苏、喀什、和田8所分院。形成了以新疆伊斯兰教经学院为中心、各分院为支撑的教育培养体系。按照“定向定量按需培养”原则，编制培养计划，确定培养目标，培养了一批较高素质的伊斯兰教人才，充分保障了伊斯兰教健康有序传承。目前，中国伊斯兰教经学院、新疆伊斯兰教经学院及各分院累计培养毕业生4000余人。
The system for training Islamic clerics has been reinforced. Islamic clerics in Xinjiang are trained at China Islamic Institute, Xinjiang Islamic Institute, and Xinjiang Islamic School. The government has invested more than RMB200 million to build a new campus of the Xinjiang Islamic Institute, which opened in 2017. The institute also has eight new branches in Ili, Changji, Urumqi, Turpan, Aksu, Kizilsu, Kashgar and Hotan. They form a comprehensive training system for clerics.
Xinjiang has made training plans and identified objectives in accordance with the principle of targeted and demand-oriented training. A group of high-caliber Islamic clerics have been trained, to ensure that Islam is practiced and carried on in a sound and orderly manner. To date, the China Islamic Institute and the Xinjiang Islamic Institute and its branches have trained more than 4,000 students.
结束语
Conclusion
平等是人类永恒的追求，民族平等是中国立国的根本原则之一，中国共产党始终以实现人民的平等和幸福为己任，在不断探索和实践中走出了一条中国特色解决民族问题的正确道路，各族人民真正获得了平等的权利。
Achieving equality is one of the constant goals of humanity. Ethnic equality is one of the fundamental principles on which China is founded. The CPC always takes it as its mission to bring equality and happiness to the people, and over the years has identified the path with Chinese characteristics as the best approach to ethnic affairs. As a result, all ethnic groups in China enjoy true equal rights.
中国政府积极践行国际人权条约义务，充分发挥制度优势，广泛汇聚各方力量，有力促进新疆各项事业快速发展。新疆地方政府深入贯彻尊重和保障人权的宪法原则，各民族共同团结奋斗、共同繁荣发展，各族人民的政治、经济、社会、文化等各项权利得到切实保障。
The Chinese government actively fulfills its obligations under the international human rights conventions to which China has signed up. It makes full use of its institutional strengths, pools the efforts of all sectors of society, and promotes the rapid development of all undertakings in Xinjiang.
The local government honors the constitutional principle of respecting and protecting human rights. The ethnic groups in Xinjiang unite and work together to achieve common development and prosperity. The political, economic, social, cultural, and many other rights of the people of every ethnic group are effectively guaranteed.
一段时间以来，国际上一些势力无视中国政府为保障各民族平等权利所做的巨大努力，无视新疆人权事业取得的历史性进步，歪曲事实，无中生有，大肆炒作涉疆议题，妄图借此抹黑中国形象，干涉中国内政，遏制中国发展，破坏新疆繁荣稳定。这不仅激起包括新疆各族人民在内的全中国人民的极大愤慨和坚决反对，也遭到国际社会正义力量的谴责。
Currently, rumors, distortions, and complete fabrications are being spread by some foreign media and politicians. This is a calculated campaign to undermine the Chinese government’s enormous efforts to protect ethnic equality, and misrepresent the historic progress that has been made on human rights in the region. Their goals are to discredit China, interfere in China’s internal affairs, restrict China’s development, and destroy stability and prosperity in Xinjiang. This has aroused indignation among the people in Xinjiang and the rest of China, and is condemned by those in the international community who seek to uphold justice.
当前，新疆社会大局持续稳定，各族人民和睦相处、安居乐业，处于历史上最好的发展时期。在以习近平同志为核心的党中央坚强领导下，新疆与全国一道全面建成小康社会，并开启全面建设社会主义现代化国家新征程，这将在更大程度、更高水平上保障各民族平等权利，新疆各族人民必将迎来更加幸福美好的明天。
Xinjiang is now a stable and orderly society, where the local ethnic groups live in mutual harmony and peace. It is experiencing an optimal period of development. Under the firm leadership of the CPC Central Committee with Xi Jinping at the core, Xinjiang has achieved moderate prosperity in all respects together with the rest of the country, and has embarked on a new journey of building China into a modern socialist country. This will better ensure ethnic equality, and all the people of Xinjiang will enjoy a happier and more prosperous life.
