（八）加快发展社会事业和改善民生，人民生活水平持续提升。全力推进精准扶贫精准脱贫，加强社会政策托底，努力提高基本公共服务均等化水平。
文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/2204.html
8. We moved faster to develop social programs and improve people’s wellbeing, ensuring that living standards continued to rise.文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/2204.html
文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/2204.html
We directed major efforts toward implementing targeted measures for poverty alleviation and elimination, made social policies more effective in meeting basic living needs, and ensured more equitable access to basic public services.文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/2204.html
文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/2204.html
一是脱贫攻坚战全面打响。《“十三五”脱贫攻坚规划》发布实施，全国财政专项扶贫资金投入超过1000亿元。印发实施“十三五”易地扶贫搬迁规划，22个省（区、市）全面启动易地扶贫搬迁项目，全年249万人易地扶贫搬迁建设任务如期完成。金融扶贫、特色产业扶贫、教育扶贫、交通扶贫、水利扶贫、旅游扶贫、光伏扶贫、电商扶贫、以工代赈等深入推进。东西部扶贫协作不断深化。推动集中连片特困地区“十三五”省级实施规划落地，对川陕等革命老区、赣南等原中央苏区振兴发展与脱贫攻坚支持力度持续加大。支持四川凉山、云南怒江、甘肃临夏等面临特殊困难的少数民族自治州加快建设小康社会进程。文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/2204.html
文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/2204.html
1) The fight against poverty began in full swing.文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/2204.html
文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/2204.html
The plan for poverty elimination during the 13th Five-Year Plan period was released and implemented, and over 100 billion yuan was allocated to government poverty-alleviation funds nationwide. The plan for relocating people from inhospitable areas during the 13th Five-Year Plan period was published and implemented. In line with this, related projects were launched in 22 provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities directly under the central government, and last year’s objective to provide housing for the 2.49 million people relocated from inhospitable areas was completed on time. We made great progress in reducing poverty by providing financial support and by promoting the development of locally viable industries, education, transportation, water conservancy projects, tourism, photovoltaic power facilities, e-commerce, and work-relief programs in poor areas. Coordination on poverty reduction between the western and eastern regions continued to grow. We worked to ensure the implementation of the provincial plan for promoting development and fighting poverty in contiguous poor areas during the 13th Five-Year Plan period. Greater support was given to promote revitalization and development and to reduce poverty in old revolutionary base areas such as the Sichuan-Shaanxi region and the former Central Soviet Area in southern Jiangxi. We supported extremely poor autonomous prefectures with concentrations of ethnic minorities, such as Liangshan in Sichuan, Nujiang in Yunnan, and Linxia in Gansu, to ensure they can work more quickly in building a moderately prosperous society.文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/2204.html
二是社会保障能力不断加强。全国居民人均可支配收入实际增长6.3%，农村居民收入增幅连续7年高于城镇居民。退休人员基本养老金水平提高6.5%左右。基本医疗保险参保人数超过13亿，城乡居民基本医保补助标准由每人每年380元提高到420元。在全国范围内建立了困难残疾人生活补贴和重度残疾人护理补贴制度。
2) The capacity to provide social security was constantly enhanced.
Per capita disposable personal income increased by 6.3% in real terms, and the growth rate of rural income was greater than that of urban income for the seventh year in a row. Basic pension benefits for retirees were raised by approximately 6.5%. The number of people under the basic medical insurance system exceeded 1.3 billion, and the government subsidy for basic medical insurance for rural and non-working urban residents increased from 380 yuan to 420 yuan per capita per annum. The system for granting living allowances to people with disabilities who face financial difficulties and providing a care subsidy to people with serious disabilities was put in place across the country.
三是公共服务供给持续改善。学前教育毛入园率、九年义务教育巩固率、高中阶段毛入学率分别达到77.4%、93.4%和87.5%。高等教育毛入学率达到42.7%，超过中高收入国家平均水平。现代职业教育体系进一步完善和发展。城乡基本医疗服务体系进一步健全，基本公共卫生服务项目年人均财政补助达到45元，均等化水平明显提高。“健康中国2030”规划纲要发布实施，每千人口执业（助理）医师数增长到2.31人，每万人全科医生数增长到1.53人。全年出生人口达到1786万人，全面两孩政策平稳落地，生育服务保障进一步加强。公共文化服务体系建设继续加强，各省（区、市）均已出台本地区的基本公共文化服务实施标准。实施中华优秀传统文化传承发展工程的意见等基础性制度出台。实施全民健身计划，体育健儿在里约奥运会、残奥会上再创佳绩。冰雪、水上、航空、山地户外等运动加快发展。
3) The supply of better public services was maintained.
The gross enrollment ratio for preschool education came to 77.4%; the retention rate of nine-year compulsory education grew to 93.4%; and the gross enrollment ratio for senior secondary education reached 87.5%. The gross enrollment ratio for higher education stood at 42.7%, surpassing the average level of upper-middle-income countries. The modern vocational education system was further improved.
The system for providing basic medical care services for rural and urban residents also improved and the government subsidy for basic public health services increased to 45 yuan per capita per annum, helping to make access to services far more equitable. The Healthy China 2030 Program was issued and implemented. The number of occupational physicians and physician assistants increased to 2.31 per 1,000 people and the number of general practitioners grew to 1.53 per 10,000 people. We ensured smooth implementation of the policy to allow couples to have two children and further improved childbirth services; and China celebrated the births of 17.86 million babies over the course of the year.
The system of public cultural services was further strengthened and all provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities directly under the central government worked out standards for providing these services. The basic elements underlying the project to develop and pass on fine Chinese cultural traditions, such as the implementation guidelines, were formulated. The Fitness for All initiative was launched, and Chinese athletes once again achieved great success at the Olympic and Paralympic Games which were held in Rio de Janeiro. Winter, water, and aviation sports, mountaineering and outdoor pursuits, as well as other sports all developed at a faster pace.
四是保障性安居工程建设扎实推进。加大中央预算内投资和中央财政专项资金支持力度，继续发挥企业债券直接融资作用，支持棚户区住房改造等保障性安居工程。2016年，完成棚户区住房改造600多万套，农村危房改造380多万户。
4) The construction of government-subsidized housing progressed steadily.
We supported government-subsidized housing projects, such as the rebuilding of run-down areas, by increasing central government budgetary investment and special funding in this area and continuing to secure direct financing through corporate bond issuance. In 2016, we rebuilt over six million housing units in run-down urban areas and renovated over 3.8 million dilapidated rural houses.
从计划指标运行情况看，经济增长、就业、价格总水平、国际收支平衡等主要指标保持在合理区间，科技创新、生态环保、民生保障等反映发展质量和效益的指标进一步改善，总的完成情况是好的。
In assessing the overall situation related to the targets set out in the 2016 Plan, we can see that major targets for national and social development, such as the economic growth rate, employment levels, the consumer price index, and the balance of payments, were kept within proper range. While our performance in relation to targets reflecting the quality and benefits of development, such as those concerning scientific and technological innovation, ecological conservation and environmental protection, and people’s wellbeing, was further improved. Overall, the 2016 Plan was successfully implemented.
19个约束性指标全部完成。43个预期性指标中，38个指标运行情况符合或高于预期，第一产业、全社会固定资产投资、货物进出口额、广义货币供应量（M2）增长率、城镇居民人均可支配收入5个指标运行值与预期值存在差距。需要说明的是，预期性指标的计划目标不是指令性的，也不是预测值，而是国家期望的发展目标，体现预期和政策导向，实际运行情况可能高于预期目标，也可能低于预期目标。部分指标运行值与预期目标存在差距，主要有以下原因：一是针对农产品阶段性供大于求、库存高企、价格低迷的形势，主动推进种养结构调整，部分主要农产品产量有所回落，因此第一产业增加值增幅略低于预期目标。二是受市场需求偏弱、投资回报下降、企业信心不强等因素综合影响，投资特别是民间投资、制造业投资下行压力较大，加上固定资产投资价格下跌持续时间和幅度超出预期，导致全社会固定资产投资增幅低于预期目标。三是受全球经济复苏乏力、国际贸易需求疲软、针对我国的保护主义加剧等影响，货物贸易进出口虽回稳向好，但仍难以实现预期目标。四是为供给侧结构性改革营造适宜的货币金融环境，在对实体经济提供足够支持的同时，货币供应切实体现了不搞“大水漫灌”和去杠杆、防风险、抑制资产价格泡沫的要求，因此广义货币供应量（M2）增速低于预期目标。五是从收入指标完成情况看，全国居民人均可支配收入增长与经济增长基本同步，受经济下行压力影响，部分行业从业人员工资性收入增幅放缓，导致城镇居民人均可支配收入增幅低于预期目标。
All 19 obligatory targets were achieved as planned. Of the 43 anticipatory targets, 38 were either on target or exceeded, while performance in relation to the remaining five-targets for the primary industry, fixed-asset investment, the total import and export volume of goods, M2 money supply growth rate, and per capita disposable income of urban residents-fell short of expectations. It should be clarified that the anticipatory targets are neither mandatory nor predicted; as development objectives that the government hopes to meet, they are a reflection of the anticipated direction of national development and policy orientation. The actual performance for these targets may be higher or lower than the planned figures.
The major reasons for the discrepancies between the projected figures for these anticipatory targets and actual performance are as follows:
First, to deal with a period of supply in agricultural products outstripping demand as well as a build-up in the inventory of agricultural products and a resulting trend of depressed prices, we took the initiative to adjust what and how much we grow and breed, which caused the output of some major agricultural products to drop off. As a result, the increase in the value-added of the primary industry was slightly lower than the planned figure.
Second, a combination of insufficient market demand, a decrease in returns on investment, and low confidence among enterprises gave rise to considerable downward pressure on investment, particularly investment from private sources and in the manufacturing sector. These factors, as well as a prolonged and larger-than-expected drop in fixed-asset investment prices resulted in the increase in fixed-asset investment being lower than the anticipatory target.
Third, a range of factors, such as a stuttering global economic recovery, weak demand in the international trade market, and increasing protectionism against China, meant that, although the total import and export volume of goods began to rise steadily, it still fell short of projected figure.
Fourth, we needed to ensure that a favorable monetary and financial environment for supply-side structural reform was created. So while ensuring there was sufficient support in place for the real economy, we stayed away from strong stimulus policies affecting money supply that would have an economy-wide impact, and instead worked to deleverage, guard against risks, and prevent an asset price bubble. As a result, the growth rate of M2 money supply fell short of projected figure.
Fifth, in assessing the situation in relation to targets regarding income, we see that increases in per capita disposable personal income stayed basically in step with economic growth. The influence of downward pressure on the economy, however, caused the growth of salary-based incomes for employees in certain industries to slacken. As a result, increase in urban per capita disposable income fell short of the planned figure.
总之，在国内外形势错综复杂的情况下，我国经济增速继续走在世界前列，发展质量和效益提高，经济结构继续优化，人民生活水平持续改善，生态环境有所好转，成绩来之不易。这是党中央、国务院正确领导的结果，是各地区各部门共同努力的结果，是全国各族人民团结奋斗的结果。
To sum up, despite complex situations both at home and abroad, we still made considerable achievements-our country’s economic growth rate was still faster than most countries in the world; the quality and efficacy of development grew; the economic structure was further improved; increases in living standards were sustained; and ecosystems and the environment also saw some improvement. These achievements have not come easily. They are a result of the correct leadership of the Party Central Committee and the State Council, the collective hard work of all regions and departments, and the concerted efforts of the people of all our ethnic groups.
同时，我们也清醒地认识到，世界经济仍然在深度调整，复苏动力不足，不稳定和不确定性将进一步凸显，国际投资和贸易低迷，保护主义、内顾倾向抬头。国内经济稳定运行的基础还不牢固，仍面临不少突出矛盾和问题。一是实体经济结构性供需失衡。供给体系产能大多数只能满足中低端、低质量、低价格的需求，随着消费结构加快升级，出口需求和投资需求相对下降，供给结构不适应需求新变化。二是有效需求增长乏力。有效投资特别是民间投资、制造业投资增速较低。经济下行对就业、收入、消费的滞后影响开始显现。国际需求持续低迷，国内综合要素成本不断上涨，产业和订单向外转移加快，我国外贸发展面临的形势更加复杂严峻。三是部分区域、行业、企业困难较大。一些资源型和传统产业比重大的地区，下行压力和发展困难较大。部分行业分化调整的影响，可能沿产业链传导。受市场环境偏紧和经营成本较高双重挤压，企业盈利能力较弱、亏损面较大。四是部分领域风险仍在积累。一些地区财政收支矛盾突出，防控金融风险力度需进一步加大，房地产市场仍面临结构性高房价、高库存双重挑战。五是大气雾霾等环境问题仍然突出。多频次、广区域、长时间、重浓度的雾霾天气，给人民生产生活带来较大影响。与此同时，安全生产、食品药品质量和民生等领域也出现一些新问题。我们要高度重视，准确分析研判国内外形势，增强忧患意识，强化底线思维，保持战略定力，更加有效应对。
While recognizing our achievements, we are also keenly aware that the world economy is still undergoing profound adjustment and that impetus for economic recovery is lacking, instabilities and uncertainties are increasing, international investment and trade are inadequate, and protectionism and other inward-looking trends are on the rise. China’s economy is still without a solid enough foundation for ensuring steady development and still faces a number of acute problems.
First, the real economy is beset by a structural imbalance between supply and demand. The majority of production capacity within the supply system can only meet demand for products that are at the middle-to-low end or are of a low price or poor quality. Upgrading within the consumption structure is occurring at an increasingly faster pace; by contrast, export and investment demand are decreasing. These new changes in demand are something that the supply structure has yet to properly adapt to.
Second, growth in effective demand is weak. Effective investment is growing slowly, particularly investment from private sources and in manufacturing. The delayed impact of downward economic pressure on employment, income, and consumption is now starting to show. The increasingly complex and challenging situation relating to China’s foreign trade development is marked by persistently weak international demand, rising costs for multiple factors of production at home, and an increase in the pace at which industries and orders for goods are shifting to other countries.
Third, some regions, industries, and enterprises are confronted with serious difficulties. Resource-dependent areas and strongholds of traditional industry are experiencing severe downward pressure and great difficulties in development. There is a possibility that the effects of divergent growth trends and adjustments, which some industries are experiencing, will end up being transmitted throughout the industry chain. Having been pressed by insufficient market demand and comparatively high operational costs, the ability of enterprises to make a profit has decreased and a greater number of enterprises are suffering losses.
Fourth, risks are mounting in some sectors. Notable imbalances exist between government revenue and expenditures in some localities; greater efforts need to be made to guard against and control financial risks; and the real estate market is still facing serious structural challenges on two fronts, with exorbitant housing prices in some cities and overabundant inventory in others.
Fifth, environmental problems such as smog are still grave. Frequent and prolonged periods of heavy smog extending across large areas have greatly affected the work and lives of our people. At the same time, new problems in relation to workplace safety, food and medicine quality, and the people’s wellbeing are also emerging.
We must give top priority to these issues, carry out studies and analysis to correctly assess the domestic and international situations, increase our awareness of potential dangers and of the lines that are not to be crossed, and maintain strategic resolve so as to ensure we produce a more effective response.
