双语:关于2016年国民经济和社会发展计划执行情况与2017年国民经济和社会发展计划草案的报告

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摘要Full Text: Report on China’s Economic, Social Development Plan

(三)改革开放取得新突破,经济社会发展活力进一步释放。一批具有标志性、关键性的重大改革方案出台实施,重要领域和关键环节改革取得突破性进展,开放型经济发展水平不断提升。

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3. We made new breakthroughs in reform and opening up, unleashing new impetus for economic and social development.文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/2204.html

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We launched a number of crucial signature reform plans, made breakthroughs in reform of major areas and key sectors, and improved the performance of China’s open economy.文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/2204.html

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一是简政放权放管结合优化服务改革向纵深推进。在提前完成本届政府减少行政审批事项三分之一目标的基础上,去年又取消165项国务院部门及其指定地方实施的审批事项,清理规范192项审批中介服务事项、220项职业资格许可认定事项。第三次修订政府核准的投资项目目录。商事制度改革继续深化。全面推行“双随机、一公开”,增强事中事后监管的有效性,推进“互联网+政务服务”。市场准入负面清单制度改革试点开局良好。“放管服”四大平台建成运行。文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/2204.html

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1) Reforms to streamline administration, delegate more powers, improve regulation, and provide better services were intensified.文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/2204.html

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The goal of the current administration to cut the number of items requiring government review by a third had been achieved ahead of schedule. On that basis, last year we cancelled the requirement on a further 165 items for review by State Council departments and authorized local governments. We also overhauled and standardized 192 items of intermediary services for government review as well as 220 items of approvals and accreditations for professional qualifications. The Catalog of Investment Projects Requiring Government Review was revised for the third time. Reform of the business system was deepened. We fully implemented the oversight model consisting of inspections of randomly selected entities by randomly selected inspectors and the public release of inspection results, made operational and post-operational oversight more effective, and promoted the Internet Plus government services model. The newly-launched reform piloting a negative list for market access yielded positive results. The four major platforms for streamlining administration, delegating more powers, improving regulation, and providing better services have all been assembled and are in operation.文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/2204.html

 

二是投融资体制改革步伐加快。深化投融资体制改革意见、企业投资项目核准和备案管理条例出台,新一轮投融资体制改革全面展开。修订发布中央预算内投资补助和贴息项目管理办法,制定80个专项管理办法。济青、杭绍台等铁路吸引社会资本示范项目取得积极进展。

 

2) Reform of the investment and financing systems picked up pace.

 

Guidelines on deepening reform of the investment and financing systems and regulations on the review and reporting of investment projects for enterprises were introduced, spurring a new round of reform throughout the investment and financing systems. We revised regulations on the management of projects for which the central government budget provides investment and loan-interest subsidies, and formulated 80 specific documents concerning the management of such projects. Significant progress was made in demonstration initiatives to attract private capital for projects such as the Ji’nan-Qingdao and Hangzhou-Shaoxing-Taizhou railway lines.

 

三是价格改革继续深化。输配电价改革试点实现所有省级电网全覆盖。建立天然气管道运输定价新机制,占消费总量80%以上的非居民用气门站价格主要由市场主导形成。石油天然气交易市场加快发展。90%左右的城市已推广居民阶梯水电气价。全面推进医疗服务价格改革。铁路、民航旅客票价市场化程度明显提高。农业水价综合改革稳步推进。完善稻谷和小麦最低收购价政策,棉花、大豆目标价格改革试点深入推进。

 

3) Price reform was deepened.

 

Trials to reform electricity transmission-and-distribution prices were extended to all provincial-level grids. We established a new pricing mechanism for the pipeline transportation of natural gas, and worked to ensure that the market decided citygate prices of natural gas for non-household users, who accounted for over 80% of natural-gas consumption. Markets for trading petroleum and natural gas experienced rapid development. Around 90% of cities have adopted tiered pricing for household water, electricity, and natural gas usage. Price reforms for medical services were implemented across the board and pricing for passenger rail and airline tickets became noticeably more market based. Comprehensive pricing reform on water for agricultural use registered solid progress. We improved the minimum state purchase price policy on rice and wheat and pressed on with pilot reforms for ensuring base prices for cotton and soybeans.

 

四是国有企业和重点行业改革稳步开展。国企改革“1+N”文件体系基本形成,加快剥离办社会职能和解决历史遗留问题工作方案等配套文件出台,深化国企改革九项重点任务、十项改革试点扎实推进。第一批混合所有制改革试点进入实施阶段。第一批国有资本投资公司试点取得阶段性进展。31个省(区、市)电改方案获批复,公布了首批105个增量配电业务改革试点项目。各省(区、市)国有林场改革实施方案和内蒙古、吉林、黑龙江重点国有林区改革实施方案均已制定完成,浙江、湖南、江西等6省国有林场改革试点顺利完成。盐业体制改革方案出台,全面放开食盐出厂、批发和零售价格。改革玉米收储制度,将东北地区玉米临时收储政策调整为市场化收购加补贴新机制。政策性粮食和储备棉库存消化进展顺利。

 

4) Steady progress was made in the reform of State-owned Enterprises (SOEs) and major industries.

 

In putting in place a framework that consists of the Guidelines on Deepening Reform of SOEs as well as supplementary documents, we promulgated work plans to more quickly relieve SOEs of their obligations to operate social programs and help them address other longstanding issues, and steadily pressed ahead with the nine major tasks for deepening SOE reform and the 10 pilot SOE reforms*. We implemented the pilot reform to introduce mixed ownership for an initial group of SOEs and made progress in the trials to establish the first group of state capital investment companies.

 

We approved reform plans for the electricity industries in 31 provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities directly under the central government, and released the first batch of 105 trial projects to increase the number of electricity distributors. Plans were formulated for reforming state forestry farms in all provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities directly under the central government and for reforming key state forestry areas in Inner Mongolia, Jilin, and Heilongjiang. Trial reforms on state forestry farms were successfully concluded in Zhejiang, Hunan, Jiangxi, and three other provinces.

 

The plan for structural reform of the salt industry was issued, and all controls on producer, wholesale, and retail prices of salt were lifted. The system for purchasing and stockpiling corn was reformed, and the policy for temporary purchase and storage of corn in the northeast was replaced with a mechanism based on market-price purchases and supplementary subsidies. The work to reduce stockpiles of grain and cotton through the provision of policy support proceeded smoothly.

 

* They are to: ensure the power of the board of directors of SOEs; carry out competitive selection and employment of executives and managers; promote the professional management system; implement differentiated pay in SOEs; develop companies for state capital investment and operations; merge and reorganize central government enterprises; introduce mixed-ownership structures in some major sectors; allow employees of SOEs with mixed-ownership structures to hold shares in their employer company; make information on SOEs public; and relieve SOEs of their obligation to operate social programs and help them address any other longstanding issues.

 

五是公平竞争市场环境加快形成。印发完善产权保护制度依法保护产权的意见,依法平等保护各种所有制经济权益。工业用地市场化配置改革试点稳步实施。在市场体系建设中建立公平竞争审查制度的意见出台,从源头上预防政府部门制定出台限制竞争的政策措施。社会信用体系建设取得新进展,出台政务、个人、电子商务领域诚信建设指导意见,50多个部门在12个领域开展失信联合惩戒、3个领域开展守信联合激励。打击侵权假冒合力增强,查办违法犯罪案件17万余件。国内贸易流通体制改革发展综合试点稳步推进。

 

5) Work to create a fair and competitive market was accelerated.

 

The guidelines on improving the property rights protection system and protecting property rights in accordance with the law were published so as to ensure the rights and interests of economic entities under all forms of ownership are subject to law-based protection on an equal footing. Steady progress was made in the pilot reform for market-based allocation of land designated for industrial purposes. Guidelines on establishing a review mechanism within the market system to ensure fair competition were issued so as to impose direct controls on government departments preventing them from adopting policies or measures that eliminate or stifle competition.

 

New headway was made in developing a credit rating system, and guidelines on enhancing the credit standing of governments and individuals, and within the e-commerce sector, were formulated. More than 50 departments worked together in 12 sectors to take punitive actions against those who act in bad faith and in three sectors to provide incentives to those who act in good faith. Coordinated efforts to combat infringements and counterfeiting were enhanced, with over 170,000 cases of illegal and criminal activities being investigated and handled. Steady progress was achieved in the comprehensive trials to reform and develop the domestic commodity distribution system.

 

六是财税金融改革有序推进。《国务院关于推进中央与地方财政事权和支出责任划分改革的指导意见》(国发〔2016〕49号)出台实施。全面推开营改增试点,将建筑业、房地产业、金融业、生活服务业纳入营改增范围,并将所有企业新增不动产所含增值税纳入抵扣范围。全面实施资源税从价计征改革,开展水资源税改革试点。深化国有商业银行和开发性、政策性金融机构改革。存款保险制度平稳运行。上海自贸试验区部分金融开放创新举措推广至广东、天津、福建自贸试验区。“深港通”开启。

 

6) Fiscal, tax, and financial reforms proceeded in an orderly manner.

 

The State Council’s Guidelines on Advancing Reform for the Sharing of Fiscal Authority and Spending Responsibilities between the Central and Local Governments (G.F. [2016] No. 49) were promulgated and implemented. We extended trials to replace business tax with VAT to all sectors, including the construction, real estate, financial, and consumer service industries, and ensured that VAT deductions cover all new immovable property of enterprises. Ad valorem rates were introduced for all resource taxes, and trial reforms to levy a water-resource tax were carried out. Reform of state-owned commercial banks as well as of development and policy-backed financial institutions were deepened. The deposit insurance system performed solidly. A number of measures for financial-sector opening up and innovation created by the China (Shanghai) Pilot Free Trade Zone were replicated in the pilot free trade zones in Guangdong, Tianjin, and Fujian. The Shenzhen-Hong Kong Stock Connect was launched.

 

七是社会领域改革加快推进。中央和国家机关公务用车制度改革全面完成,地方党政机关公车改革深入推进。行业协会商会与行政机关脱钩改革第二批试点启动实施。加快不动产统一登记制度落地,全国100%的地(市、州)、98%的县(市、区)实现“发新停旧”。国家科技计划管理改革继续深化,以增加知识价值为导向的分配政策出台,科技成果转化力度加大。教育领域综合改革向纵深推进。分级诊疗制度建设持续推进,城乡居民基本医疗保险制度整合取得实质性进展,个人卫生支出占卫生总费用的比重下降到28.9%。《国务院办公厅关于全面放开养老服务市场提升养老服务质量的若干意见》(国办发〔2016〕91号)印发实施。稳步推进机关事业单位养老保险制度改革。加快构建中国特色哲学社会科学,实施哲学社会科学创新工程。足球改革加快推进。

 

7) Social reforms were accelerated.

 

Reform of the system for the use of official vehicles was completed in all organs of the CPC Central Committee and the State Council and its implementation was deepened in local Party and government bodies. A second group of trials to delink industry associations and chambers of commerce from the government were launched. Implementation of a unified registration system for immovable property was accelerated, with 100% of prefectures, prefecture-level cities, and autonomous prefectures and 98% of counties, county-level cities, and districts across the country issuing new certificates to replace old ones. Management reform for state science and technology initiatives was deepened, profit distribution policies were developed with the goal of strengthening the value ascribed to knowledge, and efforts to apply scientific and technological advances were intensified. Comprehensive education reform was stepped up.

 

The system of tiered diagnosis and treatment was further developed, and substantive progress was made in integrating the basic medical insurance schemes for rural and non-working urban residents. The proportion of health care expenses borne by individuals dropped to 28.9%. Guidelines on Fully Opening up the Elderly Care Market and Improving Elderly Care Services (G.B.F. [2016] No. 91) by the State Council’s General Office were published and implemented. We made steady progress in reforming the pension system for employees of Party and government offices and public institutions.

 

We moved faster to develop philosophy and the social sciences with Chinese characteristics, and launched an initiative to encourage innovation in philosophy and the social sciences. We worked to speed up implementation of soccer reforms.

 

八是以“一带一路”建设为统领推动开放型经济水平不断提升。“一带一路”建设进展快速。“六廊六路多国多港”主骨架建设稳步推进,战略对接、规划对接成效显著,中欧班列实现了统一品牌,累计开行近3000列。一批国际产能合作标志性工程落地,亚的斯亚贝巴-吉布提铁路正式通车,从投融资、技术标准到运营管理维护,全部采用中国标准,标志着中国铁路首次实现全产业链“走出去”。印尼雅万高铁、中老铁路、中泰铁路、马来西亚南部铁路、匈塞铁路、瓜达尔港等重大项目有序推进。外商投资便利化程度进一步提高,非金融类实际使用外资保持稳定。对外投资管理体制机制更加完善,非金融类对外投资继续增长。国际贸易“单一窗口”在沿海口岸全部启用,通关一体化、检验检疫一体化管理覆盖全国。全年货物贸易进出口总额下降0.9%,降幅比上年收窄6.1个百分点。服务贸易较快增长。人民币正式加入国际货币基金组织特别提款权(SDR)货币篮子。特别是成功主办二十国集团领导人杭州峰会,影响深远。

 

8) The Belt and Road Initiative served as pacesetter to an open economy that saw continuous improvement.

 

The Belt and Road (the Silk Road Economic Belt and 21st Century Maritime Silk Road) Initiative saw rapid progress. Development of the Initiative’s framework, which consists of six corridors and six channels serving multiple countries and ports*, made steady progress, enabling China and its partners to markedly increase cohesion between their development strategies and plans. China-Europe freight train services, which have registered a total of nearly 3,000 trips, were brought under a single unified brand.

 

A number of signature projects for international industrial-capacity cooperation got off the ground. The Addis Ababa-Djibouti Railway officially came into service-from investment and financing to technology, operation, and management and maintenance, Chinese standards were applied throughout the project, making it the first full-production-chain export of China’s railway. Steady progress was achieved in the construction of major international projects including railways connecting Jakarta and Bandung (high-speed railway), China and Laos, China and Thailand, and Hungary and Serbia; the railway project in southern Malaysia; and the Gwadar Port in Pakistan.

 

Further steps were taken to facilitate foreign investment, ensuring that utilized non-financial foreign investment remained stable. The regulation system and institutions for outbound investment were improved, which enabled further growth of outbound non-financial investment. All coastal ports installed and started using the Single Window System for foreign trade, and all ports throughout China successfully integrated customs clearance procedures and inspection and quarantine procedures. China experienced a 0.9% fall in total imports and exports for the year, which was 6.1 percentage points less than the previous year’s decrease. Trade in services grew rapidly. The RMB was officially included in the International Monetary Fund’s special drawing rights (SDR) basket. Of particular note was China’s hosting of the G20 2016 Hangzhou Summit which produced important and far-reaching outcomes.

 

* The six corridors refer to economic corridors, comprising the New Eurasian Continental Bridge, the China-Mongolia-Russia corridor, the China-Central Asia-West Asia corridor, the China-Indochina Peninsula corridor, the China-Pakistan corridor, and the Bangladesh-China-India-Myanmar corridor. The six channels refer to communications and distribution channels comprising highways, railways, airlines, waterways, pipelines, and information networks.

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 最后更新:2019-2-20
  • 版权声明 本文源自 新华网sisu04 整理 发表于 2017年3月18日 04:21:20