三、2017年经济社会发展的主要任务
III. Major Tasks for Economic and Social Development in 2017文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/2204.html
文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/2204.html
2017年，将坚持稳中求进工作总基调，紧紧围绕供给侧结构性改革这条主线，贯彻新发展理念，引领经济新常态，着力抓好9方面工作。文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/2204.html
文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/2204.html
In 2017, we will continue to uphold the general principle of seeking progress while keeping performance stable, take supply-side structural reform as our main task, and apply the new development philosophy, so as to steer the new normal in the economy. Our efforts will focus on the following nine areas.文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/2204.html
文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/2204.html
（一）推动“三去一降一补”重点任务取得实质性进展。贯彻落实党中央、国务院关于供给侧结构性改革的总体部署，深入推进五大重点任务，减少无效低效供给、扩大有效供给，提高盈利能力。文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/2204.html
文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/2204.html
1. Promoting substantive progress in the priority tasks of cutting overcapacity, reducing excess inventory, deleveraging, lowering costs, and strengthening points of weakness.文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/2204.html
文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/2204.html
In line with the CPC Central Committee and the State Council’s overall arrangements for supply-side structural reform, we will intensify efforts to fulfill the five priority tasks, reduce ineffective and inefficient supply while increasing effective supply, and improve the profit-making ability of enterprises.
一是扎扎实实化解过剩产能。今年再压减钢铁产能5000万吨左右，退出煤炭产能1.5亿吨以上。同时，淘汰、停建、缓建煤电产能5000万千瓦以上，以防范化解煤电产能过剩风险，提高煤电行业效率，优化能源结构，为清洁能源发展腾空间。充分运用市场化法治化手段，统筹处理好去产能与稳定供应、优化结构、转型升级的关系。将处置“僵尸企业”作为化解过剩产能的“牛鼻子”，严格执行环保、能耗、质量、安全等法律法规和标准，更加严格控制新增产能，更加坚决淘汰落后产能，更加严厉打击违法违规行为。创造条件推动企业兼并重组，妥善处置企业债务，做好人员安置工作。对符合条件的职工分流安置继续给予财政奖补资金支持。
1) We will make concrete efforts to scale down overcapacity.
This year, we will cut production capacity by around 50 million metric tons of steel and over 150 million metric tons of coal. At the same, we will shut down, stop, or suspend the construction of coal-fired power plants with a capacity of more than 50 million kilowatts, so as to guard against and defuse overcapacity risks in the coal-fired power industry and enhance its efficiency, while also improving the energy mix and creating space for the development of clean energy. Making full use of market-oriented and law-based means, we will work to strike an overall balance between the efforts to scale down overcapacity, ensure stable supply, improve the industrial structure, and transform and upgrade industries.
Our efforts to address the issue of “zombie enterprises” will constitute a key approach in cutting overcapacity. By strictly enforcing laws, regulations, and standards with regard to environmental protection, energy consumption, quality, and safety, we will intensify efforts to control the expansion of production capacity, shut down outdated production facilities, and crack down on violations of laws and regulations in this regard. Proper conditions will be created for promoting the merging and restructuring of enterprises, and proper arrangements will be put in place to handle debts and resettle laid-off workers. We will continue to make government funds available for rewards and subsidies in this regard.
二是坚持因城因地施策去库存。因地制宜、多种方式提高棚改货币化安置比例，加快实施1亿非户籍人口在城市落户方案，支持城镇居民改善性住房需求，规范发展住房租赁市场。按照“房子是用来住的、不是用来炒的”的定位，分类调控、因城施策，综合运用金融、土地、财税、投资、立法等手段，加快建立和完善促进房地产市场平稳健康发展长效机制，遏制热点城市房价过快上涨。研究按照建立住宅政策性金融机构的方向，探讨住房公积金制度改革，支持居民自住需求。
2) We will continue to cut excess inventory by implementing policies tailored to local conditions.
We will take multiple, locally practicable measures to grant direct monetary housing compensation rather than housing to more people displaced by the redevelopment of run-down urban areas, move faster to implement the plan for granting urban residency to 100 million people without urban household registration living in urban areas, support the demand of urban residents for buying a second home if their first homes are inadequate, and ensure well-regulated development of the housing rental market.
In line with the principle that “houses are for habitation not speculation,” we will exercise regulation on a per-category basis, implement place-based policies in different cities, and fully utilize financial, land, fiscal, tax, and investment policies as well as legislation, so as to accelerate efforts to establish a sound permanent mechanism for ensuring the steady and healthy development of the real estate industry and keep housing prices from rising too quickly in popular cities. In working toward establishing policy-backed financial institutions specializing in housing, we will carry out research on reforming the housing provident fund system; and we will support people’s demand for housing for personal use.
三是积极稳妥降低企业杠杆率。通过兼并重组、依法破产等途径，推动“僵尸企业”出清。支持银行、实施机构和企业通过自主协商开展市场化债转股。发展股权融资，加强疏通股本融资渠道，强化企业自身财务杠杆约束。
3) We will lower leverage ratios of enterprises in a proactive yet prudent manner.
By means of merger, restructuring, and bankruptcy, we will promote a clearing out of zombie enterprises. We will encourage banks, relevant institutions, and enterprises to carry out market-based debt-to-equity swaps on the basis of negotiations between themselves. We will develop equity financing, broaden its financing channels, and place tighter constraints on the leveraging activities of enterprises.
四是持续综合施策降低实体经济成本。进一步减少审批环节，清理取消行政审批中介服务违规收费，降低不合理中介评估费用，降低企业制度性交易成本。在减税、降费、降低要素成本上加大工作力度，大幅降低非税负担，降低融资成本，降低企业用能用地成本，降低物流成本，提高劳动力市场灵活性，支持企业内部挖潜、降本增效。深入开展涉企收费清理规范工作，落实好减税降费等各项惠企政策，减少政府定价的涉企经营性收费，进一步清理规范政府性基金、行政事业性收费和经营服务性收费，推动降低金融、铁路货运等领域涉企经营性收费，创新涉企收费监管制度，加强对市场调节类经营性收费的监管。继续加大工程建设领域保证金清理力度。
4) We will continue to implement a full range of measures for reducing costs in the real economy.
We will further simplify approval procedures, overhaul or abolish irregular fees charged by administrative review intermediaries, and reduce unreasonably high intermediary and evaluation fees so as to lower the transaction costs of enterprises imposed by the government. Efforts will be enhanced to cut taxes, fees, and the costs of factors of production; greatly reduce non-tax burdens; lower financing costs, enterprise energy and land-use costs, and logistics costs; increase the flexibility of the labor market; and encourage enterprises to tap internal potential for reducing costs and increasing efficiency.
We will intensify efforts to review and regulate fees and charges related to enterprises; implement preferential policies to reduce taxes and fees levied on them; cut the number of service fees for which pricing is set by the government; further review and regulate government-managed funds, administrative charges, and business service fees; and work to lower fees and charges related to financial and railway freight services levied on enterprises. In addition, we will create new oversight systems for fees and charges related to enterprises and tighten oversight over those business service fees for which pricing is market-based. We will redouble efforts to review security deposits in the construction industry.
五是提高补短板的精准性和有效性。适当增加中央预算内投资，调整优化投资结构，集中用于脱贫攻坚、农业、灾后水利薄弱环节、软硬基础设施、创新能力建设等补短板重点领域。全面推进“十三五”规划《纲要》明确的165项重大工程项目。
5) We will bolster points of weakness in a more targeted and effective fashion.
We will moderately increase investment from the central government budget and improve its structure, channeling it toward key areas such as poverty alleviation, agriculture, weak links in post-disaster water conservancy recovery and reconstruction, hard and soft infrastructure, and the enhancement of innovation capacity. We will comprehensively advance the 165 major projects set out in the 13th Five-Year Plan.
（二）深入推进农业供给侧结构性改革。优化农业产业体系、生产体系和经营体系，加快培育农业农村发展新动能，狠抓农产品标准化生产、品牌创建、质量安全监管，促进农业提质增效、可持续发展。2017年粮食总产量稳定在5.5亿吨以上。
2. We will intensify supply-side structural reform in the agricultural sector.
We will improve the industrial, production, and operational systems in the agricultural sector, step up efforts to foster new drivers for agricultural and rural development, and take serious measures to facilitate standardized production, brand building, and supervision over the quality and safety of agricultural products, with a view to raising the quality and performance of the agricultural sector and to ensuring its sustainable development. In 2017, total grain output will stand at over 550 million metric tons.
一是调好调顺调优农业结构。支持粮食、棉花、油料、糖料、天然橡胶等重要农产品生产基地建设和畜牧水产标准化规模养殖，加快国家级育制种基地和种养业良种工程建设。全面落实永久基本农田特殊保护政策，划定并建设粮食生产功能区、重要农产品生产保护区，制定特色农产品优势区建设规划，继续开展粮改饲、粮改豆试点，继续调减非优势产区籽粒玉米，扩大青贮玉米、苜蓿等优质牧草生产。稳定生猪生产并推动布局优化，提高乳制品质量。推进水产养殖减量增效，养护长江等重点水域水生生物资源。大力推进农产品标准化生产、品牌创建和保护，实施农产品质量安全工程。推进耕地轮作休耕制度试点，促进耕地草原河湖休养生息。深入实施化肥农药使用量零增长行动，推进畜禽养殖废弃物无害化处理和资源化利用。开展农业循环经济试点和工农复合型循环经济示范区（基地）建设，推进农业可持续发展试验示范区创建。
1) We will work toward a sound, smooth, and optimal agricultural structure.
We will facilitate the development of production centers for major agricultural products such as grain, cotton, oilseed, sugar crops, and natural rubber, support standardized, large-scale livestock and aquaculture farming, and step up the construction of national seed cultivation and production centers and the development of projects for breeding superior varieties within crop, livestock, and aquaculture farming.
In addition to comprehensively implementing policies for providing special protection to permanent basic cropland, we will establish and develop functional zones for grain production and protective areas for the production of major agricultural products. We will formulate the plan for boosting the production of local agricultural products in areas with unique advantages, and continue with the trials to replace grain crop cultivation with feed crop cultivation and soybean cultivation. The production of corn kernel in inferior production areas will continue to be reduced and the production of high-quality forage crops, such as corn silage and alfalfa, will be expanded. We will stabilize the production of hogs and push for an optimal layout in this regard, and will increase the quality of dairy products. Production for aquaculture products will be reduced while the efficiency will be increased, and conservation efforts will be made on the Yangtze River and other key water bodies to protect aquatic organism resources.
For agricultural products, we will promote standardized production and brand development and protection, and will work to ensure quality and safety. We will carry forward crop-rotation and fallow-land trials, and promote the adoption of fallow periods for cropland and grassland and fishing moratoriums for rivers and lakes. We will carry out the initiative to achieve zero growth in the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides, and advance safe disposal and recycling of waste from livestock and poultry farming. We will undertake trials for creating a circular economy in the agricultural sector, develop hybrid industry-agriculture circular economy demonstration zones and centers, and establish pilot and demonstration zones for sustainable agricultural development.
二是持续加强农业农村基础设施建设。继续推进172项重大水利工程建设，力争再新开工15项。加快高标准农田、农田水利、农村饮水安全巩固提升、现代种业、规模化养殖场、粮油仓储物流设施、公益性农产品批发市场等建设。启动农业、林业领域政府和社会资本合作（PPP）试点。实施农村新能源行动，支持中西部农村等基础薄弱区域信息基础设施和高效节水灌溉设施建设，加快完善县乡村物流网络。
2) We will continue to enhance agricultural and rural infrastructure.
We will move ahead with the development of 172 major water conservancy projects, and work to make a start on 15 more. Accelerated efforts will be made to develop high-grade cropland, farmland irrigation and water conservancy, and the modern seed industry, as well as large-scale livestock farms, storage and logistics facilities for grain and edible oil, and public-welfare wholesale markets for agricultural products. We will also work faster to consolidate and build on the achievements made in ensuring safe drinking water in rural areas.
Trials will be launched to apply the PPP model to the farming and forestry industries. We will carry out initiatives to promote the use of new energy in rural areas, support the development of information infrastructure and efficient water-saving irrigation facilities in rural areas with weak infrastructure in the central and western regions, and accelerate efforts to improve logistics networks for counties, townships, and villages.
三是加快农业科技创新。培育改良优质专用营养农畜品种，大力开发推广绿色高效种养技术，支持食品等加工业技术改造。建设一批农业重点实验室和国家农业科学实验站。完善农业科技创新激励机制，深入推进科研成果权益改革试点。推进基层农技推广体系改革，探索公益性机构和农技人员参与经营性服务的新机制，推动节本降耗、效益强农。启动智慧农业引领工程，全面实施信息进村入户工程，扩大农业物联网试验示范范围。
3) We will step up innovations in agricultural science and technology.
We will promote the raising of better quality, specific, and healthy crop varieties and livestock breeds, strive to develop and apply green and efficient technologies for farming and breeding, and support technological transformation of the food and other processing industries. A number of major agricultural laboratories and national agricultural science research stations will be developed. We will improve incentive mechanisms for innovations in agricultural science and technology, and move ahead with trial reforms for allowing agricultural scientists to receive greater benefits for their scientific achievements. We will further reform the system for applying agricultural technology in villages, explore new mechanisms for allowing public institutions and agricultural technicians to engage in for-profit services, and facilitate the reduction of costs and energy consumption and the enhancement of efficiency to bolster agricultural growth.
We will launch initiatives that ensure intelligent agriculture leads China’s agricultural modernization, fully implement the project to bring information technology to villages and rural households, and expand trials and demonstrations for the application of the Internet of Things in the agricultural sector.
四是发展壮大农村新产业新业态。深入推进农村产业融合发展试点示范工程，引导二三产业向县城、重点乡镇及产业园区集中，启动建设“生产+加工+科技”的现代农业产业园。支持符合条件的涉农企业发行企业债券，建设产业融合发展项目。落实“互联网+”现代农业三年行动方案。深入开展电子商务进农村综合示范。推进农业与旅游、文化、康养等产业深度融合，建设一批产业文化旅游“三位一体”、生产生活生态同步改善、一二三产业深度融合的特色村镇。
4) We will develop new industries and new forms of business in rural areas.
We will advance pilot and demonstration projects for integrating rural industries, channel secondary and tertiary industries toward county seats, key towns and townships, and industrial parks, and begin building modern agricultural industrial parks that integrate production, processing, and science and technology. We will support eligible agricultural enterprises in issuing corporate bonds and launching projects for integrated development of rural industries.
We will implement the three-year action plan for Internet Plus modern agriculture, and establish comprehensive demonstrations for introducing e-commerce into rural areas. We will promote in-depth integration of agriculture with the tourism, cultural, fitness, and elderly-care industries. Development will be pursued in a host of towns and villages that brings together industry, culture, and tourism, secures simultaneous improvements in working, living, and ecological conditions, and fully integrates the primary, secondary, and tertiary industries.
五是加快深化农业农村改革。积极稳妥推进粮食等重要农产品价格形成机制和收储制度改革。坚持并完善稻谷、小麦最低收购价政策，合理调整最低收购价水平，形成合理比价关系。健全东北地区玉米市场化收购加补贴机制，稳步有序推进政策性粮食库存消化。完善棉花目标价格政策，调整大豆目标价格政策。完善农业补贴制度，落实好以绿色生态为导向的农业补贴制度改革。全面推进农业水价综合改革。深化农村集体产权制度改革，明晰农村集体产权归属，赋予农民更加充分的财产权利。改革财政支农投入机制，推动涉农资金整合。贯彻落实承包土地“三权分置”办法，统筹推进农村土地征收、集体经营性用地入市、宅基地制度改革试点。培育壮大农业新型经营主体和服务主体，发展多种形式的土地适度规模经营。在部分地区对适度规模经营农户实施大灾保险。完善农业再保险体系，以持续稳健的农业保险助力现代农业发展。
5) We will press ahead with agricultural and rural reform.
A proactive yet prudent approach will be adopted in promoting reforms of the price-setting mechanism for grain and other important agricultural products as well as the system for their purchase and storage. We will continue to implement and improve the policy for setting minimum state-purchase prices for rice and wheat, and make appropriate adjustments to minimum purchase prices, so as to ensure a rational ratio of minimum purchase prices to market prices. We will enhance the price-setting mechanism for corn in the northeast that combines market-based purchase prices and supplementary government subsidies, and reduce excess stockpiles of policy-supported grain in a steady and orderly manner. We will improve the policy for guaranteeing base prices for cotton and adjust the pricing policy for soybeans. Improvements will be made to the system of agricultural subsidies, ensuring that relevant reforms are oriented toward green development and ecological progress. Comprehensive reform of pricing for water used in agriculture will be advanced across the board.
Reform of the rural collective property-rights system will be deepened to clearly identify rural collective property rights and to grant rural residents more adequate property rights. We will reform the mechanism for ensuring budgetary support for agriculture and work to merge rural-development funds. We will implement measures for separating land ownership rights, contract rights, and management rights for contracted rural land. We will make overall arrangements to carry out trial reforms with regard to rural land requisition, the marketization of rural collective land designated for commercial construction, and the system for rural residential land. We will cultivate new types of agribusiness and agricultural service providers, and promote the development of suitably scaled-up operations of land in diversified forms.
A catastrophe insurance scheme will be introduced in some regions for farmers whose operations are suitably scaled-up. We will improve the agricultural reinsurance system and ensure sustainable and sound agricultural insurance schemes provide strong support for the development of modern agriculture.
