2017年主要支出政策：
文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/2202.html
The main policies regarding expenditures in 2017 are as follows:文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/2202.html
文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/2202.html
教育方面。从春季学期开始统一城乡义务教育学生“两免一补”政策，实现“两免一补”和生均公用经费基准定额资金随学生流动可携带。继续开展薄弱学校改造等工作，着力解决农村义务教育发展中存在的突出问题。继续实施学前教育行动计划。支持提升现代职业教育基础能力，促进产教融合、校企合作。提高博士研究生国家助学金补助标准。落实好中央高校预算拨款制度，统筹推进世界一流大学和一流学科建设。进一步聚焦贫困地区和贫困人口，加快推进教育脱贫攻坚。文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/2202.html
文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/2202.html
– Education文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/2202.html
文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/2202.html
From the spring semester, we will introduce a unified policy whereby Chinese students receiving compulsory education are exempted from paying tuition and fees and paying for textbooks and a subsidy will be provided for the living expenses of students from families with financial difficulties. We will also ensure that the funds for these exemptions and subsidies as well as for the public funding benchmark per student are transferred if students change schools. We will continue to provide funding for improving conditions at badly built or poorly operated schools and other initiatives and for addressing the prominent problems in developing rural compulsory education. We will continue to implement the action plan for preschool education. We will provide financial support for infrastructure improvement for modern vocational education, integration between vocational education and industry, and cooperation between colleges and businesses. We will increase government grants for PhD candidates. We will ensure proper implementation of the budgetary appropriation system for central government institutions of higher learning so that efforts are coordinated to develop world-class universities and disciplines. We will provide further funding for moves to combat poverty through developing education with the focus on poor areas and populations.文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/2202.html
文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/2202.html
科技方面。重点支持基础研究、前沿技术研究、社会公益研究、重大共性关键技术研究开发。加强对公益性科研机构（基地）的稳定支持，支持科研院所改革发展，推动科技资源开放共享。推进在重大创新领域组建一批国家实验室。支持实施科技重大专项。推动“科技创新2030－重大项目”启动实施。文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/2202.html
– Science and technology
We will give more financial support to basic research, research on cutting-edge technologies, research for the public benefit, and research and development for major generic key technologies. We will strengthen work to ensure stable financial support for public benefit research institutes (centers) and make funds available to facilitate the reform and development of research institutions and promote the open sharing of scientific and technological resources. We will finance efforts to further advance the establishment of a number of national laboratories in important fields of innovation and implement major science and technology projects. We will provide support to the launch of the Programs for Technological Innovation 2030.
社会保障和就业方面。适当提高退休人员基本养老金标准，建立基本养老金合理调整机制。稳步推动基本养老保险制度改革，提高制度覆盖面。在推进各项相关改革工作的基础上，研究制定基本养老保险基金中央调剂制度方案。制定划转部分国有资本充实社保基金实施方案。强化基本养老保险基金收支管理，切实防范基金支付风险。加大统筹社会救助资源力度，科学合理确定城乡最低生活保障标准。完善特困人员救助供养政策。加强困境儿童保障和农村留守儿童关爱保护工作。加强对残疾人事业发展的支持。适时研究调整优抚对象等人员抚恤和生活补助标准。规范开展长期护理保险制度试点。实施更加积极的就业政策，健全就业创业政策措施，着力促进重点群体就业，研究建立终身职业技能培训制度。
– Social security and employment
We will increase basic pension payments for retirees as appropriate and establish a mechanism for making reasonable adjustments to basic pensions. We will take steady steps to reform the basic old-age insurance system and expand its coverage. On the basis of progress in all related reform work, we will establish a central regulation system for basic old-age insurance funds. We will also formulate a plan for the transfer of a portion of state capital into social security funds. We will strengthen management over basic pension fund revenue and expenditures, and take effective measures to guard against payment risks.
We will step up the coordination of resources for social assistance and carefully determine the most appropriate subsistence allowances for Chinese citizens. We will improve our policies for providing assistance to people living in extreme poverty. We will strengthen work to secure the welfare of children living in difficult circumstances and ensure care and protection for children remaining in rural areas while their parents work away. We will strengthen financial support for programs that benefit people with disabilities.
We will adjust subsidies and living allowances for entitled groups at an appropriate time. Well-regulated trials will be carried out to establish long-term care insurance schemes. We will implement more proactive employment policies, improving our policies and measures for promoting employment and startups and doing more to help key groups find employment. We will conduct research on developing a system for life-long vocational skills training.
医疗卫生方面。健全基本医保稳定可持续筹资和报销比例调整机制，坚持适度保障原则，更加注重保大病。将城乡居民基本医疗保险财政补助和个人缴费标准均提高30元，分别达到每人每年450元和180元。加强基本医保基金预算管理，全面推行按病种付费为主、多种付费方式结合的医保支付方式改革，控制医疗费用不合理增长。全面推开公立医院综合改革，完善基层医疗卫生机构运行机制。将基本公共卫生服务项目年人均财政补助标准由45元提高到50元。依法支持中医药事业发展。适应实施全面两孩政策，支持加强生育医疗保健服务。
– Health care
We will improve the mechanisms to ensure stable and sustainable funding for basic medical insurance and to adjust reimbursement rates for medical expenses, uphold the principle that benefit levels must be appropriate, and give particular weight to protection against major diseases. We will increase both annual government subsidies and personal contributions for basic health insurance for rural and non-working urban residents by 30 yuan, bringing the total up to 180 and 450 yuan a year per person, respectively. We will bring basic medical insurance funds under budgetary management and roll out reforms nationwide to the way medical payouts are made, using predominantly payouts according to the type of illness plus multiple other methods, and work to curb any unreasonable growth in medical costs. We will help carry out comprehensive reforms in public hospitals nationwide and improve the operating systems of community-level medical and healthcare institutions. We will raise the basic annual per capita government subsidies for public health services from 45 to 50 yuan. We will support the law-based development of traditional Chinese medicine. Having adopted the policy of allowing all couples to have two children, we will strengthen our maternity medical and healthcare services.
扶贫方面。中央财政安排补助地方专项扶贫资金861亿元，比上年增加200亿元，增长30.3%，用于支持落实精准扶贫、精准脱贫基本方略。统筹安排农业、教育、社保、医疗等领域用于扶贫的资金，进一步加大支持打赢脱贫攻坚战的投入力度，切实发挥政府投入在扶贫开发中的主体和主导作用。加快改善贫困地区基础设施和基本公共服务，加大产业、教育、健康扶贫支持力度。全面推进贫困县涉农资金整合试点。开展扶贫资金专项检查。
– Poverty alleviation
The central government will allocate 86.1 billion yuan to subsidize local poverty reduction, an increase of 20 billion yuan, or 30.3 percent over last year. The funds will be used to support implementation of the fundamental strategy of targeted poverty reduction. We will coordinate the use of funds allocated to fields including agriculture, education, social security, and health care that are earmarked for poverty alleviation; further boost investment in the fight against poverty; and ensure that government investment plays a principal and guiding role in poverty reduction through development. We will speed up work to improve the infrastructure and basic public services in poor areas and step up support for reducing poverty by developing local industries, promoting education, and improving health standards. The integration of different rural development funds will be piloted in poor counties throughout the country. We will carry out inspections on the use of funds for poverty reduction.
农业林业水利方面。落实《建立以绿色生态为导向的农业补贴制度改革方案》，完善农业补贴制度，提高补贴政策指向性和精准性，发展壮大农业新产业新业态。积极稳妥改革粮食等重要农产品价格形成机制和收储制度，坚持并完善稻谷、小麦最低收购价政策，合理调整最低收购价水平，形成合理比价关系；抓好玉米收储制度改革，健全生产者补贴制度；做好政策性粮食和储备棉库存消化工作。调整完善棉花目标价格政策，改进补贴方式。调整大豆目标价格政策。完善粮食主产区利益补偿机制，盘活粮食风险基金。落实“藏粮于地、藏粮于技”战略，发展高效节水灌溉，大规模推进高标准农田建设和土地整治。继续支持开展重金属污染耕地修复及种植结构调整试点，扩大华北地下水超采区综合治理范围。加大对灾后水利薄弱环节建设支持力度。推进粮经饲种植结构调整，发展适度规模经营。加快推进省以下农业信贷担保体系建设和运营。支持森林管护和培育，着力推进国土绿化，着力提高森林质量。完善森林生态效益补偿标准动态调整机制。支持湿地保护修复，促进湿地恢复性增长。深化农村综合改革，推进农垦、国有农场、国有林场林区、供销社改革，发展壮大村集体经济组织。
– Agriculture, forestry, and water conservation
We will implement the Reform Plan for Building an Agricultural Subsidy System Geared Toward Ecological Conservation, improve our system for subsidizing agriculture, ensure subsidy policies are more precise and better targeted, and boost the development of new industries and new forms of business in agriculture.
We will take constructive, steady steps to reform the pricing mechanism and the purchase and storage systems for grain and other important agricultural products; and we will continue and improve the minimum purchase price policy for rice and wheat, making reasonable adjustments to these prices, to enable reasonable parity between prices. We will make sure the reform of the corn purchase and storage system is carried out effectively, and will improve the system for subsidizing corn production. We will work to reduce excess stockpiles of policy-supported grain and cotton. We will adjust and improve the guaranteed base price policy for cotton and improve the way in which the subsidy for cotton production is granted. We will also adjust the guaranteed base price policy for soybeans. We will improve the mechanism for subsidizing major grain-producing areas and work to better utilize risk funds for grain.
We will increase food crop production based on farmland management and the application of technology, develop high-efficiency water-saving irrigation, and significantly scale up the development of high-grade farmland and land improvement. We will continue support for trials to restore cultivated land contaminated by heavy metals and adjust the production mix of agricultural products, and will expand the coverage of work to deal comprehensively with the over-abstraction of groundwater in north China.
We will step up support for post-disaster water conservancy construction in areas in need of attention. We will move forward with adjusting the production mix of food, cash, and fodder crops, and facilitate the development of appropriately scaled-up agricultural operations. We will move faster to make progress in the development and operation of an agricultural credit guaranty system at and below the provincial level. We will support forest protection, management, and cultivation, and step up support for afforestation and forest improvement efforts. We will improve the dynamic mechanism for adjusting compensation for forest management and conservation efforts that produce a positive ecological impact. We will support wetland protection and restoration efforts to encourage the resumption of wetland growth. We will deepen comprehensive reform in rural areas, move ahead with reforms in state farms, farms on reclaimed land, state forestry farms, forestry areas, and rural supply and marketing cooperatives, and develop and strengthen collective village enterprises.
生态环保方面。支持打好大气、水、土壤污染防治三大战役，对重点区域解决燃煤污染等大气污染防治工作实施财政奖补，支持重点流域水污染防治，开展土壤污染详查，强化水、土壤污染防治。加大重点生态功能区转移支付力度。适时启动第二批山水林田湖生态保护和修复工程试点。深入落实新一轮草原生态保护补助奖励政策，支持新一轮退耕还林还草并扩大规模，实施天然林保护全覆盖政策。推进矿产资源权益金制度改革和流域上下游横向生态保护补偿机制建设。推动扩大排污权有偿使用和交易试点范围。支持国家公园体制试点。继续安排新能源汽车补贴，提高技术门槛，完善补贴机制。深入实施节能减排财政政策综合示范。支持煤层气、页岩气、农村水电等清洁能源资源开发利用和成品油质量升级。调整可再生能源发电补贴机制。促进循环经济发展和清洁生产。进一步支持农村环境突出问题综合治理。
– Ecological conservation and environmental protection
We will ensure the support is there for fighting the battle against air, water, and soil pollution. We will provide government awards or subsidies to key regions for efforts to prevent and control air pollution caused by the use of coal or other factors. We will support the prevention and control of water pollution in key water basins and conduct surveys on soil pollution in order to strengthen the prevention and control of water and soil pollution. We will increase transfer payments for key ecological zones. We will act when appropriate to launch the second set of trial projects under the initiative to protect and restore mountain, water, forest and farmland ecosystems. We will fully implement a new round of subsidy and reward policies for grassland ecological conservation, support the new round of initiatives to turn marginal farmland into forest or grassland, expand the coverage of these initiatives, and realize coverage of protective policies for all natural forests. We will move forward with royalty reform for mineral resources and the establishment of a mechanism of intra-river basin compensation for ecological conservation. We will drive the expansion of pilot projects for developing a cap-and-trade system for emissions. We will support trials for the national park system.
We will continue to provide new-energy vehicle subsidies while raising the technological threshold for them and improving the way they are provided. We will ensure thorough implementation of the initiative to demonstrate the integration of fiscal policies for energy conservation and emission reductions. We will support the exploitation and utilization of clean energy resources such as coal seam gas, shale gas, and hydropower in rural areas, as well as the move to improve the quality of refined oil products. We will adjust the mechanism for subsidizing the use of renewable energy for electricity generation. We will also promote the development of a circular economy and clean production. We will give further support for comprehensive measures to address prominent environmental problems in rural areas.
住房保障方面。大力支持棚户区改造，继续推进公租房等保障房及配套设施建设，完善棚改安置和公租房分配方式，推动房地产库存量大的城市提高货币化安置比例。继续推进农村危房改造工作，中央财政补助资金集中用于低保户、农村分散供养特困人员、贫困残疾人家庭和建档立卡贫困户的危房改造，同时适当提高补助标准。
– Government housing support
We will provide strong support for the rebuilding of housing in rundown urban areas, and continue to promote the development of public rental housing and other government-subsidized housing as well as supporting infrastructure development. We will improve the way people displaced by rebuilding initiatives are helped to relocate and the way public rental housing is allocated, and push to see cities with large housing inventory increase the proportion of people receiving monetary housing compensation rather than housing. We will continue to make progress in renovating dilapidated rural housing, and central government subsidy funds will be used primarily for rebuilding unsafe housing for people eligible for subsistence allowances, for individuals who live at home in rural areas in extreme poverty and receive basic assistance, for the families of people with disabilities affected by poverty, and for households registered as living under the poverty line. Subsidies will also be appropriately increased.
文化体育方面。支持地方落实国家基本公共文化服务指导标准。加强文化遗产保护利用，支持实施中华优秀传统文化传承发展工程。促进文艺作品创作生产，推动中华文化走出去。加大公益性文化事业和经营性文化产业资金、资源和政策的统筹力度，努力形成系统综合的财政文化政策体系。改善城乡公共体育设施条件，丰富体育服务供给方式。
– Culture and sports
We will support local governments in their implementation of the national standards to guide the provision of basic public cultural services. We will strengthen support for the protection and proper use of cultural relics, and support the implementation of the initiative to develop and pass on China’s fine cultural traditions. We will support efforts to promote the creation and production of works of literature and art and share Chinese culture with the outside world. We will increase the level of coordination between investments, resources, and policies for nonprofit cultural institutions and for-profit cultural enterprises, working to form a systematic and comprehensive fiscal policy system for the cultural sector. We will also improve the public sports facilities throughout the country and diversify the supply of services in the sports sector.
国防方面。支持深化国防和军队改革，建设同我国国际地位相称、同国家安全和发展利益相适应的巩固国防和强大军队。落实军民融合发展资金保障，推动军民融合深度发展。
– National defense
We will support efforts to deepen the reform of national defense and the armed forces, with the aim of building a solid national defense and strong armed forces that are commensurate with China’s international standing and are suited to our national security and development interests. We will ensure that adequate funds are available to promote further military-civilian development.
支持困难地区财政运转和基本民生兜底方面。继续增加阶段性财力补助规模，并统筹县级基本财力保障机制奖补资金等转移支付，加大对资源能源型和财政困难地区支持力度，兜住保障基本民生的底线。继续加大对革命老区、民族地区、边境地区转移支付力度。
– Fiscal operations and safeguards for basic living standards in regions with acute financial difficulties
We will continue to increase short-term financial subsidies, and coordinate transfer payments to local governments including those for awards and subsidies for implementing the mechanism to ensure the basic financial capacity of county-level governments. We will intensify support to regions that are highly dependent on resources or energy and regions facing fiscal difficulties, and will bolster the safeguards that ensure basic needs are met. We will continue to increase transfer payments to old revolutionary bases, ethnic minority areas, and border areas.
中央基建投资方面。中央基建投资安排5076亿元，进一步优化支出结构，减少对小、散项目投资补助，集中用于易地扶贫搬迁、重大水利工程及灾后水利重建、城市排水排涝设施建设、新一轮农网改造升级、中西部铁路建设、棚户区改造等方面。
– Central investment in infrastructure
The central government will earmark 507.6 billion yuan for investment in infrastructure. The expenditure structure will be further improved, with a reduction in subsidizing small and miscellaneous projects, and a focus on poverty alleviation achieved by helping people living in inhospitable areas to relocate, major water conservancy projects and post-disaster water conservancy reconstruction, the improvement of city drainage facilities, a new round of work to upgrade rural power grids, railway construction in the central and western regions, and the rebuilding of rundown urban areas.
压减一般性支出方面。中央部门带头过紧日子，大力调整和压减中央本级一般性支出，主要包括：一是继续按照只减不增的原则，严格控制“三公”经费预算。压减会议费、培训费、宣传费、咨询费、软课题经费和涉企补助等支出。二是按不低于5%的幅度压减非刚性、非重点项目支出。三是对政策目标已经实现的项目，不再安排预算；对实施环境发生变化的项目，重新核定预算。同时，要求并指导地方财政做好压减一般性支出等工作，坚决反对铺张浪费和大手大脚花钱。
– Cuts in general expenditures
Central departments will take the lead in tightening their belts, with major adjustments and reductions being made to the central government’s regular expenditures. This will include the following.
First, we will continue to strictly limit the budget for spending on official overseas visits, official vehicles, and official hospitality in line with the principle that there should only be cuts, and no increases, to such spending. We will reduce expenditures related to meetings, training, publicity, consultation, “soft” research projects, and enterprise-related subsidies.
Second, expenditures for projects where there is some flexibility and for non-key projects will be cut by a margin not lower than 5 percent.
Third, budgetary appropriations will no longer be provided for projects whose policy goals have already been achieved, and new budgets are required for projects for which the environment for implementation has changed.
At the same time, we will require and guide local governments to ensure their related work, including reducing their general expenditures, is carried out to good effect, and take a firm stand against extravagance, waste, and unrestrained spending.
