双语:关于2016年中央和地方预算执行情况与2017年中央和地方预算草案的报告

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摘要Full Text: Report on China’s Central, Local Budgets

(四)2016年主要支出政策落实情况。

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4. Implementation of main policies regarding expenditures in 2016文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/2202.html

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促进教育发展。统一城乡义务教育学校生均公用经费基准定额。免除普通高中建档立卡等家庭经济困难学生学杂费。支持全面改善贫困地区8万余所义务教育薄弱学校基本办学条件。全面建立中职学校生均拨款制度。落实新的中央高校预算拨款制度。全年8400多万人次享受到国家学生资助政策。文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/2202.html

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– Education文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/2202.html

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We established a unified benchmark for public funding per student in China’s compulsory education schools. Eligible students from families with financial difficulties at regular senior secondary schools were exempted from tuition and miscellaneous fees. We funded improvements to basic conditions in more than 80,000 badly built or poorly operated schools providing compulsory education in poor areas. We established a funding system for secondary vocational schools based on student enrollment. We implemented a new budgetary appropriation system for institutions of higher learning directly under the central government. State financial assistance was granted to over 84 million students over the course of last year.文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/2202.html

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支持科技创新。优化科技支出结构,重点保障公共科技活动,进一步加大基础研究支持力度。完成中央财政科技计划(专项、基金等)优化整合工作。完善稳定支持机制,促进科研院所改革发展。支持系统推进全面创新改革试验和国家自主创新示范区建设。促进科技成果转移转化。文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/2202.html

 

– Scientific and technological innovation

 

We improved the structure of science and technology expenditures, giving high priority to funding science and technology activities for the public interest, and increasing funding for basic research. We finished improving central government plans, special programs, and funds for funding scientific and technological advancements. We improved the mechanism ensuring stable funding for the reform and development of research institutions. We funded both systematic pilot reforms focused on all-around innovation and the development of national innovation demonstration zones. We funded efforts to promote the transfer and commercialization of scientific and technological achievements.

 

提高社会保障水平。按6.5%左右的幅度提高了机关事业单位和企业退休人员基本养老金标准。推进居家和社区养老服务改革试点。继续提高全国城乡最低生活保障标准。进一步建立健全特困人员救助供养制度。保障优抚对象等人员各项抚恤待遇落实。支持做好退役士兵安置工作。在全国范围建立困难残疾人生活补贴和重度残疾人护理补贴制度。通过社会保险补贴、职业培训补贴等方式,鼓励企业吸纳就业困难人员,提高劳动者职业技能,增强就业公共服务能力。

 

– Social security

 

Basic pension benefits for the retirees of enterprises, Party and government offices, and public institutions were increased by around 6.5 percent. We funded pilot reforms to develop at-home and community-based elderly care. Subsistence allowances for Chinese citizens were increased. We moved forward with the establishment of a sound system for providing assistance to people living in extreme poverty. We worked to ensure entitled groups received their benefits. Support was ensured for the proper settlement of demobilized military personnel. A system was put in place nationwide for granting living allowances to people with disabilities in financial difficulty and nursing subsidies to people with serious disabilities. We provided subsidies for social security programs and vocational training to encourage enterprises to employ those experiencing employment difficulties, to help workers improve their vocational skills, and to provide better public employment services.

 

深化医药卫生体制改革。城乡居民基本医疗保险财政补助标准由每人每年380元提高到420元。城市公立医院改革试点扩大到200个城市,县级公立医院改革全面推开。支持19万名住院医师规范化培训,启动首批5000名助理全科医生培训。基本公共卫生服务项目年人均财政补助标准由40元提高到45元,继续推动实施疾病预防控制、妇幼健康等重大公共卫生服务项目。

 

– Reform of the medical and health care system

 

Annual government subsidies for basic medical insurance for rural and non-working urban residents were increased from 380 to 420 yuan per person. Pilot reforms of urban public hospitals were expanded to 200 cities and reforms were carried out in all county-level public hospitals. We funded the standardized training of 190,000 resident physicians and the first batch of 5,000 assistant general practitioners. Per capita government spending on basic public health services was raised from 40 to 45 yuan per year. We continued to fund major public health service projects to, among other things, prevent and control diseases and provide maternal and child care.

 

加快现代农业建设。全面推开农业“三项补贴”改革。支持实施500万亩粮改豆和600万亩粮改饲试点,探索实行耕地轮作休耕制度试点。深入开展重金属污染耕地修复及种植结构调整试点,扩大地下水超采区综合治理试点范围。深化重要农产品收储制度改革,将玉米临时收储政策调整为市场化收购加补贴新机制,建立玉米生产者补贴制度,采取多种方式消化政策性粮棉油库存。支持培育新型农业经营体系,新增高效节水灌溉面积2000万亩以上,农业综合开发建设高标准农田2800万亩。扩大农村一二三产业融合发展试点范围,启动扶持村级集体经济发展试点。完成村级公益事业建设一事一议财政奖补项目约30万个。

 

– Modern agriculture

 

We provided direct subsidies to grain growers, subsidies for purchasing superior crop varieties, and general subsidies for the purchase of agricultural supplies nationwide. We subsidized trials to shift from growing grain crops to producing soybeans on 333,300 hectares of farmland and from growing grain crops to cultivating feed crops on 400,000 hectares of cultivated land. We also subsidized trials in using systems of crop rotation and fallow land. More funds were made available for trials to restore cultivated land contaminated by heavy metals and adjust the agricultural production mix, as well as trials to deal comprehensively with the over-abstraction of groundwater in more areas.

 

We deepened reform of the purchase and storage system for important agricultural products. The policy on the temporary purchasing and stockpiling of corn was scrapped in favor of a new mechanism for purchasing corn at market prices plus subsidies, and a system was established for subsidizing corn production. We adopted a broad range of measures to reduce excess policy-supported stockpiles of grain, cotton, and edible oil. We provided support for the initiatives to foster new agricultural operational systems. Thanks to government funding, the area of cropland covered by efficient water-saving irrigation was increased by 1.33 million hectares, and efforts toward comprehensive agricultural development saw the addition of 1.87 million hectares of high-grade cropland. We financed the extension of trials to integrate the development of primary, secondary, and tertiary industries to more rural areas, and to support the development of collective village enterprises. Around 300,000 village-level public works projects launched on the basis of decision making by villagers were completed using government awards and subsidies.

 

支持生态环保建设。整合设立土壤污染防治专项资金,落实土壤污染防治行动计划。加强大气污染防治,资金安排进一步向燃煤污染控制、工业污染治理等重点领域倾斜。开展水污染防治项目储备库建设,继续安排资金支持重点区域、重点流域水污染防治。启动新一轮草原生态保护补助奖励政策,涉及草原面积38.11亿亩。支持实施新一轮退耕还林还草新增任务1510万亩。落实天然林保护全覆盖政策。支持河北京津冀水源涵养区等4个山水林田湖生态保护和修复工程试点。推动九洲江等4个流域建立横向生态保护补偿机制。支持18个城市开展蓝色海湾整治行动。

 

– Ecological conservation

 

Funds for the prevention and control of soil pollution were launched, and funding was made available for implementing the action plan for addressing soil pollution. We allocated more funds for addressing air pollution, with the focus on tackling key areas such as pollution from coal burning and industrial pollution. We continued to develop a reserve of projects for addressing water pollution, making additional funding available for the prevention and control of water pollution in key areas and major drainage basins. We launched a new round of policies to subsidize and reward grassland ecological conservation, covering 254.07 million hectares of grassland. We provided financial support for implementation of a new round of initiatives to turn a further 1.01 million hectares of marginal farmland into forest or grassland. We funded the implementation of the protective policies for all natural forests nationwide. We made funding available for four pilot projects for ecological conservation and restoration including the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Water Source Conservation Area in Hebei Province. Funding was also made available for the establishment of mechanisms for trans-regional and intra-watershed compensation for ecological conservation efforts in four drainage basins including the Jiuzhoujiang River, and for action in the Blue Bay environmental improvement initiative in 18 cities.

 

加强基本住房保障。支持棚户区改造开工606万套、农村危房改造314万户,均完成年度任务。棚改货币化安置比例达到48.5%,比上年提高18.6个百分点。

 

– Government support for basic housing

 

We funded the rebuilding of 6.06 million housing units in rundown urban areas and 3.14 million dilapidated rural houses, meeting the targets for the year for both programs. The proportion of people displaced through such programs who received monetary housing compensation rather than housing reached 48.5 percent, up 18.6 percentage points over the previous year.

 

推动文化改革发展。支持49871家公益性文化设施向社会免费开放,支持1260个公共体育场馆向社会免费或低收费开放,实施国家重点文物保护项目1791个。鼓励文化产品创作生产,促进文化对外交流与传播。支持中央国有文化企业改革,推动文化事业和文化产业协调发展。

 

– Reform and development in the cultural sector

 

We subsidized efforts to keep 49,871 public cultural facilities free to the public and make 1,260 public sports complexes free or inexpensive to public users. We also funded 1,791 programs to protect key national cultural relics. Support was given to encourage the creation and production of cultural products, facilitate cultural exchange with foreign countries, share Chinese culture globally, reform state-owned cultural enterprises directly under the central government, and promote the coordinated development of cultural programs and industries.

 

以上预算执行的具体情况详见《中华人民共和国2016年全国预算执行情况2017年全国预算(草案)》。

 

For a more detailed account of budget execution related to the above items, please refer to the Report on the Execution of the 2016 Budgets of the People’s Republic of China and Its 2017 Draft Budgets in Chinese.

 

总的看,2016年财政运行基本平稳,财政改革发展各项工作取得新成效,促进了经济社会平稳健康发展。这是党中央、国务院坚强领导的结果,是全国人大、全国政协及代表委员们监督指导的结果,是各地区、各部门以及全国各族人民共同努力的结果。

 

Overall, our fiscal operations in 2016 remained stable and achievements were made in the reform and development of public finance, which gave impetus to steady and sound economic and social development. We owe these achievements to the leadership of the CPC Central Committee and the State Council; to the oversight and guidance of the NPC, deputies to the NPC, the CPPCC National Committee and its members; and to the joint efforts of all regions, government departments, and the Chinese people.

 

同时,我们清醒地认识到,财政运行和财政工作中还面临一些困难和问题,主要是:在经济下行压力较大的形势下,财政收入增长动力不强,地方财政收入走势分化,一些资源型和传统产业比重大的地区财政收支矛盾加剧,部分基层财政保运转和民生兜底出现困难。财政支出结构不尽合理,部分支出项目形成只增不减的固化格局。有的改革举措没有真正落地,有的改革措施进度偏慢。转移支付管理亟待规范,专项转移支付清理整合没有完全到位,省以下转移支付制度改革进展不平衡。有的地方预决算不透明,财政资金使用不规范、效率不高,资金沉淀多。一些地方落实政府债务管理制度不力,存在违规担保或变相举债问题,地方政府隐性债务风险增大。我们高度重视这些问题,将采取有力措施加以解决。

 

On the other hand, we are soberly aware of the following main difficulties and problems in our fiscal operations and finance work.

 

– Within the context of considerable downward pressure on China’s economy, there is a lack of impetus for government revenue growth and the growth prospects of local government revenue are mixed; imbalances in government revenue and expenditures are becoming more pronounced in some regions that are resource-dependent or whose traditional industries have a large share in their respective economies; and some township-level governments are having financial difficulty in keeping themselves operating and meeting people’s basic needs.

 

– The structure of budgetary spending is not balanced, with spending on some items constantly increasing.

 

– Some reform measures have not truly been implemented as they should while for others progress has been slow.

 

– The management of transfer payments is in urgent need of standardization as special transfer payments have yet to be overhauled to full effect, and progress in the reform of the transfer payment systems at and below the provincial level has been patchy.

 

– In some localities, budgets and final accounts lack transparency, the use of government funds is not in line with standards and ineffective, and more funds are becoming idle.

 

– Some localities are weak on government debt management and are guarantying debt or making borrowings in breach of regulations, thus increasing the hidden debt-related risks of local governments.

 

We view these problems as extremely important and will take measures to effectively resolve them.

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 最后更新:2019-2-20
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