五、建设强大国内市场，加快构建新发展格局
V. Building a Robust Domestic Market and Fostering a New Pattern of Development文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/16261.html
文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/16261.html
强大国内市场是中国式现代化的战略依托。坚持扩大内需这个战略基点，坚持惠民生和促消费、投资于物和投资于人紧密结合，以新需求引领新供给，以新供给创造新需求，促进消费和投资、供给和需求良性互动，增强国内大循环内生动力和可靠性。文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/16261.html
文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/16261.html
A strong domestic market provides strategic support for Chinese modernization. Guided by the strategy of expanding domestic demand, we should work toward improving living standards while increasing consumer spending and combine investment in physical assets with investment in human capital. We should see that new demand drives new supply, new supply helps create fresh demand, and positive interactions are fostered between consumption and investment and between supply and demand. All this will help enhance the dynamism and reliability of the domestic economy.文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/16261.html
文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/16261.html
（15）大力提振消费。深入实施提振消费专项行动。统筹促就业、增收入、稳预期，合理提高公共服务支出占财政支出比重，增强居民消费能力。扩大优质消费品和服务供给。以放宽准入、业态融合为重点扩大服务消费，强化品牌引领、标准升级、新技术应用，推动商品消费扩容升级，打造一批带动面广、显示度高的消费新场景。培育国际消费中心城市，拓展入境消费。加大直达消费者的普惠政策力度，增加政府资金用于民生保障支出。完善促进消费制度机制，清理汽车、住房等消费不合理限制性措施，建立健全适应消费新业态新模式新场景的管理办法，落实带薪错峰休假。强化消费者权益保护。文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/16261.html
文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/16261.html
- Boosting consumption
文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/16261.html
Special initiatives should be advanced to boost consumption. To increase people’s spending power, we should make coordinated moves to boost employment, increase incomes, and keep expectations stable, and appropriately increase the share of fiscal expenditure that goes toward public services. The supply of high-quality consumer goods and services should be expanded. We should focus on easing market access and integrating various forms of business to boost consumption of services and work hard to build leading brands, raise standards, and apply new technologies to expand and upgrade goods consumption. We should also develop a batch of high-profile new consumption scenarios with broad appeal.文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/16261.html
We should develop more cities into international consumption centers and expand inbound consumption. Inclusive policies that directly benefit consumers should be strengthened, and the government should spend more on public wellbeing. We should refine the systems and mechanisms designed to drive consumption, abolish unreasonable restrictions on the purchase of motor vehicles and housing, and adopt management measures suitable for new forms, models, and scenarios of consumer spending. We should stagger paid leave. Consumer rights and interests should be better protected.
（16）扩大有效投资。保持投资合理增长，提高投资效益。优化政府投资结构，提高民生类政府投资比重，高质量推进国家重大战略实施和重点领域安全能力项目建设。适应人口结构变化和流动趋势，完善基础设施和公共服务设施布局，加强人力资源开发和人的全面发展投资。统筹用好各类政府投资，在工作基础较好的地方探索编制全口径政府投资计划。加强政府投资全过程管理。深化投资审批制度改革，进一步明确中央和地方投资方向和重点。加强谋划论证，实施一批重大标志性工程项目。完善民营企业参与重大项目建设长效机制，发挥政府投资基金引导带动作用，激发民间投资活力、提高民间投资比重，增强市场主导的有效投资增长动力。
- Expanding effective investment
We should maintain appropriate growth in investment and raise the returns it delivers. The structure of government investment should be optimized in order to allocate a larger portion to public wellbeing initiatives and ensure the high-quality development of programs for advancing major national strategies and bolstering security capacity in key areas. To respond to structural demographic shifts and population movement trends, we should improve the layouts of infrastructure and public service facilities and boost investment in human resources development and well-rounded personal development.
We should coordinate the use of all types of government investment funds and take explorative steps to formulate overall government investment plans in areas with the initial groundwork in place. The entire process of government investment should be better managed. We should advance the reform of the investment review and approval system and further clarify the directions and priorities of central and local government investment. We should launch a new batch of major landmark projects on the basis of proper planning and deliberation. We should improve the long-term mechanisms for facilitating the participation of private enterprises in major projects and better leverage the guiding role of government investment funds, so as to spur private investment, increase its overall share, and boost growth momentum for market-driven effective investment.
（17）坚决破除阻碍全国统一大市场建设卡点堵点。统一市场基础制度规则，完善产权保护、市场准入、信息披露、社会信用、兼并重组、市场退出等制度，消除要素获取、资质认定、招标投标、政府采购等方面壁垒，规范地方政府经济促进行为，破除地方保护和市场分割。综合整治“内卷式”竞争。统一市场监管执法，加强质量监管，完善行政裁量权基准制度，强化反垄断和反不正当竞争执法司法，形成优质优价、良性竞争的市场秩序。健全一体衔接的流通规则和标准，高标准联通市场设施，降低全社会物流成本。完善有利于统一大市场建设的统计、财税、考核制度，优化企业总部和分支机构、生产地和消费地利益分享。
- Eliminating bottlenecks and obstacles hindering the development of a unified national market
We must ensure that the underlying institutions and rules of the market are unified across the nation. We should refine the systems for property rights protection, market access, information disclosure, social credit, mergers and reorganizations, and market exit and remove barriers related to production factor access, qualification accreditation, public bidding, and government procurement. We should regulate the economic promotion activities of local governments, eliminate local protectionism and market segmentation, and address rat race competition through holistic measures.
We should ensure unified law enforcement in market regulation, strengthen quality supervision, refine the standards on administrative discretion, and enhance law enforcement and judicial administration efforts to tackle monopolies and unfair competition. Our aim is to create a market order where good quality commands good prices and healthy competition prevails.
We should establish well-aligned distribution rules and standards and pursue higher standards in enhancing market facility connectivity to cut logistics costs throughout society. We should improve the statistical, fiscal, tax, and evaluation systems to facilitate the development of a unified market and work toward optimized profit sharing between corporate headquarters and branches and between places of production and consumption.
六、加快构建高水平社会主义市场经济体制，增强高质量发展动力
VI. Developing a High-Standard Socialist Market Economy and Boosting the Momentum for High-Quality Development
高水平社会主义市场经济体制是中国式现代化的重要保障。坚持和完善社会主义基本经济制度，更好发挥经济体制改革牵引作用，完善宏观经济治理体系，确保高质量发展行稳致远。
A high-standard socialist market economy serves as an important guarantee for Chinese modernization. We should uphold and improve China’s basic socialist economic systems, better leverage the leading role of economic structural reform, and improve the macroeconomic governance system to ensure steady and sustained progress in high-quality development.
（18）充分激发各类经营主体活力。坚持和落实“两个毫不动摇”，促进各种所有制经济优势互补、共同发展。深化国资国企改革，做强做优做大国有企业和国有资本，推进国有经济布局优化和结构调整，增强国有企业核心功能、提升核心竞争力。落实民营经济促进法，从法律和制度上保障平等使用生产要素、公平参与市场竞争、有效保护合法权益，发展壮大民营经济。支持中小企业和个体工商户发展，推动大中小企业协同融通发展。强化产权执法司法保护，加强对查封、扣押、冻结等强制措施的司法监督。完善中国特色现代企业制度，弘扬企业家精神，加快建设更多世界一流企业。
- Stimulating the vitality of all market entities
We must uphold and fulfill our commitments to both the public and the nonpublic sectors and see that economic entities under diverse forms of ownership complement each other and develop side by side. Reform of state capital and state-owned enterprises (SOEs) should be deepened. To help state capital and SOEs get stronger, perform better, and grow bigger, we should refine the layout of the state-owned sector, adjust its structure, and enhance the core functions and competitiveness of SOEs.
Acting in line with the Private Sector Promotion Law, we should leverage legal and institutional safeguards to see that all economic entities have equal access to factors of production and compete in the market on a level playing field and that their lawful rights and interests are effectively protected. All this will help the private sector grow bigger and stronger. We should support the development of SMEs and self-employed individuals and promote integrated and collaborative development of enterprises of all sizes.
We should strengthen law enforcement and judicial administration to protect property rights and tighten judicial oversight over coercive measures such as the sealing, sequestering, and freezing of assets. We should refine the modern corporate system with distinctive Chinese features and promote entrepreneurial spirit to foster a greater number of world-class enterprises at a faster pace.
（19）加快完善要素市场化配置体制机制。促进各类要素资源高效配置，建立健全城乡统一的建设用地市场、功能完善的资本市场、流动顺畅的劳动力市场、转化高效的技术市场。编制宏观资产负债表，全面摸清存量资源资产底数，优化资产负债结构。完善并购、破产、置换等政策，盘活用好低效用地、闲置房产、存量基础设施。完善工商业用地使用权续期法律法规，依法稳妥推进续期工作。推进全国行政事业单位存量国有资产盘活共享。推动司法判决执行与破产制度有机衔接，依法有效盘活被查封冻结财产。
- Moving faster to improve the institutions and mechanisms for market-based allocation of production factors
To promote the efficient allocation of all types of resources and production factors, we should develop a robust unified market for urban and rural construction land, a fully functional capital market, a free-flowing labor market, and a technology market that facilitates efficient industrial application. A national macro balance sheet should be established to give us a full picture of existing resources and assets and help us improve asset-liability ratios. Merger and acquisition, bankruptcy, and replacement policies should be improved to help put underused land, vacant housing, and idle infrastructure to better use.
We should refine the laws and regulations for renewing the rights to use land for industrial and commercial purposes and prudently proceed with relevant work in accordance with the law. The idle state-owned assets held by administrative departments and public institutions nationwide should be put to good use and open for sharing. The enforcement of judicial rulings should be better aligned with the bankruptcy system so that seized and frozen assets will be used effectively in accordance with the law.
（20）提升宏观经济治理效能。强化国家发展规划战略导向作用，加强财政、货币政策协同，发挥好产业、价格、就业、消费、投资、贸易、区域、环保、监管等政策作用，促进形成更多由内需主导、消费拉动、内生增长的经济发展模式。强化逆周期和跨周期调节，实施更加积极的宏观政策，持续稳增长、稳就业、稳预期。增强宏观政策取向一致性，强化政策实施效果评价，健全预期管理机制，优化高质量发展综合绩效考核。
- Making macroeconomic governance more effective
We should strengthen the strategic guidance of national development plans, enhance coordination between fiscal and monetary policies, and leverage the roles of industrial, price, employment, consumption, investment, trade, regional, environmental protection, and regulation policies to create more models of economic growth that is led by domestic demand, driven by consumption, and sustained by self-generating momentum. We should bolster counter- and cross-cyclical adjustments and implement more proactive macro policies to keep growth, employment, and expectations stable. We should make macro policy orientations more consistent, strengthen evaluations of policy outcomes, refine expectations management mechanisms, and optimize comprehensive performance evaluations of high-quality development.
发挥积极财政政策作用，增强财政可持续性。加强财政科学管理，加强财政资源和预算统筹，强化国家重大战略任务和基本民生财力保障。深化零基预算改革，统一预算分配权，优化财政支出结构，加强预算绩效管理。完善地方税、直接税体系，健全经营所得、资本所得、财产所得税收政策，规范税收优惠政策，保持合理的宏观税负水平。适当加强中央事权、提高中央财政支出比重。增加地方自主财力。加强财会监督。加快构建同高质量发展相适应的政府债务管理长效机制。
The role of proactive fiscal policy should be leveraged to improve fiscal sustainability. We should promote sound fiscal management and better coordinate fiscal resources and budgets to provide greater financial support for major national strategic tasks and basic public wellbeing initiatives. We should advance zero-based budgeting reform, unify budget allocation powers, optimize spending structures, and tighten performance-based budget management.
We should improve the local tax system and the direct tax system, refine taxation policies on income generated from business operations, capital, and property, and place tax break policies under better regulation. The overall tax burden should be kept at an appropriate level. The central government should hold more fiscal powers as appropriate and accordingly raise the proportion of its expenditure. More fiscal resources should be placed at the disposal of local governments. Oversight on accounting should be enhanced. Expedited efforts should be made to establish long-term mechanisms for government debt management that meet the needs of high-quality development.
加快建设金融强国。完善中央银行制度，构建科学稳健的货币政策体系和覆盖全面的宏观审慎管理体系，畅通货币政策传导机制。大力发展科技金融、绿色金融、普惠金融、养老金融、数字金融。提高资本市场制度包容性、适应性，健全投资和融资相协调的资本市场功能。积极发展股权、债券等直接融资，稳步发展期货、衍生品和资产证券化。优化金融机构体系，推动各类金融机构专注主业、完善治理、错位发展。建设安全高效的金融基础设施。稳步发展数字人民币。加快建设上海国际金融中心。全面加强金融监管，强化央地监管协同，丰富风险处置资源和手段，构建风险防范化解体系，保障金融稳健运行。
We should work faster to boost China’s strength in finance. We should refine the central bank system, establish a well-conceived, prudent monetary policy system and a far-ranging macro-prudential regulation system, and improve the monetary policy transmission mechanism. We should step up efforts to develop technology finance, green finance, inclusive finance, pension finance, and digital finance. We should make the capital market more institutionally inclusive and adaptable and better balance its investment and financing functions. We should actively develop direct financing such as equity and bonds and promote steady development of futures, derivatives, and asset securitization.
We should improve the system of financial institutions and encourage institutions of all types to focus on their core business, improve their governance, and pursue distinctive development paths. Secure and efficient financial infrastructure should be put in place, and the digital Renminbi (RMB) should be steadily developed. We should move faster to build Shanghai into an international financial center. We should tighten up financial regulation across the board, with the central and local governments working in closer collaboration. We should draw on a full range of resources and means to address risks and develop the system for preventing and defusing risks, so as to ensure stable operations in the financial sector.
