三、建设现代化产业体系，巩固壮大实体经济根基
III. Building a Modernized Industrial System and Reinforcing the Foundations of the Real Economy文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/16261.html
文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/16261.html
现代化产业体系是中国式现代化的物质技术基础。坚持把发展经济的着力点放在实体经济上，坚持智能化、绿色化、融合化方向，加快建设制造强国、质量强国、航天强国、交通强国、网络强国，保持制造业合理比重，构建以先进制造业为骨干的现代化产业体系。文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/16261.html
文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/16261.html
A modernized industrial system provides the material and technological foundations for Chinese modernization. We should keep our focus on the real economy, continue to pursue smart, green, and integrated development, and work faster to boost China’s strength in manufacturing, product quality, aerospace, transportation, and cyberspace. The share of manufacturing in the national economy should be kept at an appropriate level, and a modernized industrial system should be developed with advanced manufacturing as the backbone.文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/16261.html
文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/16261.html
（7）优化提升传统产业。推动重点产业提质升级，巩固提升矿业、冶金、化工、轻工、纺织、机械、船舶、建筑等产业在全球产业分工中的地位和竞争力。提升产业链自主可控水平，强化产业基础再造和重大技术装备攻关，滚动实施制造业重点产业链高质量发展行动，发展先进制造业集群。推动技术改造升级，促进制造业数智化转型，发展智能制造、绿色制造、服务型制造，加快产业模式和企业组织形态变革。增强质量技术基础能力，强化标准引领、提升国际化水平，加强品牌建设。优化产业布局，促进重点产业在国内有序转移。文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/16261.html
文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/16261.html
- Upgrading traditional industries
文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/16261.html
We should upgrade key industries and consolidate and enhance the position and competitiveness of China’s industries such as mining, metallurgy, chemical industry, light industries, textiles, machinery, vessels, and construction in the global industrial division of labor. We should ensure that China’s industrial chains become more self-supporting and risk-resilient. We should advance industrial foundation reengineering and research on major technologies and equipment. We should promote rolling implementation of high-quality development initiatives for key industrial chains in the manufacturing sector and develop advanced manufacturing clusters.文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/16261.html
We should promote technological transformation and upgrading to shift toward digital and intelligent development in the manufacturing sector, develop smart, green, and service-oriented manufacturing, and work faster to transform industrial models and enterprises’ organizational forms. We should reinforce national quality infrastructure, strengthen standard-based guidance and make it more internationalized, and step up brand building. We should improve the industrial layout and promote the orderly relocation of key industries within China.
（8）培育壮大新兴产业和未来产业。着力打造新兴支柱产业。实施产业创新工程，一体推进创新设施建设、技术研究开发、产品迭代升级，加快新能源、新材料、航空航天、低空经济等战略性新兴产业集群发展。完善产业生态，实施新技术新产品新场景大规模应用示范行动，加快新兴产业规模化发展。
- Fostering emerging industries and industries of the future
We should redouble efforts to develop emerging pillar industries. We should launch industrial innovation projects and make integrated moves to construct innovation facilities, advance technological research and development (R&D), and promote product upgrading. We should accelerate the development of industrial clusters in strategic emerging fields such as new energy, new materials, aviation and aerospace, and the low-altitude economy. To improve the industrial ecosystem, we should carry out demonstration initiatives to extensively apply new technologies and products in new scenarios and scale up emerging industries at a faster pace.
前瞻布局未来产业，探索多元技术路线、典型应用场景、可行商业模式、市场监管规则，推动量子科技、生物制造、氢能和核聚变能、脑机接口、具身智能、第六代移动通信等成为新的经济增长点。创新监管方式，发展创业投资，建立未来产业投入增长和风险分担机制。促进中小企业专精特新发展，培育独角兽企业。
Forward-looking plans should be put in place for industries of the future. We need to explore diverse technology roadmaps, typical application scenarios, feasible business models, and market regulation rules and work to foster new drivers of economic growth such as quantum technology, biomanufacturing, hydrogen and nuclear fusion power, brain-computer interfaces, embodied artificial intelligence (AI), and 6G mobile communications. We should introduce new regulation methods, develop venture capital investment, and establish mechanisms to increase funding and share risks in future industries. We should promote the growth of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) that use specialized and sophisticated technologies to produce novel and unique products. We should also nurture unicorn companies.
（9）促进服务业优质高效发展。实施服务业扩能提质行动，扩大服务业开放，深化监管改革，完善支持政策体系，扩大优质经营主体，分领域推进生产性服务业向专业化和价值链高端延伸，促进生活性服务业高品质、多样化、便利化发展。提高现代服务业与先进制造业、现代农业融合发展水平，推进服务业数智化。加强服务标准和质量品牌建设。健全服务业统计监测体系。
- Promoting the high-quality, efficient development of the service sector
We should carry out capacity-expanding and quality-upgrading initiatives in the service sector, opening the sector wider, deepening regulatory reform, and refining support policies to create a broader range of quality market entities. We should steer producer services toward greater specialization and the higher end of the value chain on a sector-by-sector basis, while supporting the development of higher-quality, more diverse, and more accessible consumer services. We should promote the integration of modern services with advanced manufacturing and modern agriculture and advance the digital and intelligent transformation of the service sector. We should step up efforts to improve standards, enhance quality, and build brands, and refine the statistical and monitoring systems for the service sector.
（10）构建现代化基础设施体系。加强基础设施统筹规划，优化布局结构，促进集成融合，提升安全韧性和运营可持续性。适度超前建设新型基础设施，推进信息通信网络、全国一体化算力网、重大科技基础设施等建设和集约高效利用，推进传统基础设施更新和数智化改造。完善现代化综合交通运输体系，加强跨区域统筹布局、跨方式一体衔接，强化薄弱地区覆盖和通达保障。健全多元化、韧性强的国际运输通道体系。优化能源骨干通道布局，加力建设新型能源基础设施。加快建设现代化水网，增强洪涝灾害防御、水资源统筹调配、城乡供水保障能力。推进城市平急两用公共基础设施建设。
- Developing a modernized infrastructure system
Infrastructure planning should be better coordinated to improve its layout and structure, drive integrated development, and ensure that infrastructure is safe, resilient, and sustainable. New types of infrastructure should be built with appropriate forward planning. Information and communication networks, the national integrated computing network, major science and technology infrastructure, and other key systems should be further developed and used intensively and efficiently. Traditional infrastructure should be upgraded and retrofitted with digital and intelligent technologies.
We should improve the modern integrated transportation system, strengthening cross-regional coordination and planning, promoting multimodal integration, and improving transportation links and services in remote areas. We should enhance the diversity and resilience of international transportation routes. In the energy sector, efforts should be made to optimize the layout of primary arteries and develop new types of infrastructure. We should accelerate the development of a modern water network and enhance our capacity to prevent floods, coordinate the allocation of water resources, and ensure water supply in both urban and rural areas. We should continue to develop dual-use public infrastructure that can accommodate emergency needs in the cities.
四、加快高水平科技自立自强，引领发展新质生产力
IV. Achieving Greater Self-Reliance and Strength in Science and Technology and Steering the Development of New Quality Productive Forces
中国式现代化要靠科技现代化作支撑。抓住新一轮科技革命和产业变革历史机遇，统筹教育强国、科技强国、人才强国建设，提升国家创新体系整体效能，全面增强自主创新能力，抢占科技发展制高点，不断催生新质生产力。
Chinese modernization must be underpinned by modernization in science and technology. We must seize the historic opportunity presented by the new round of technological revolution and industrial transformation to boost China’s strength in education, science and technology, and human resources in a well-coordinated manner. We should enhance the overall performance of China’s innovation system, raise our innovation capacity across the board, achieve a leading position in scientific and technological development, and keep fostering new quality productive forces.
（11）加强原始创新和关键核心技术攻关。完善新型举国体制，采取超常规措施，全链条推动集成电路、工业母机、高端仪器、基础软件、先进材料、生物制造等重点领域关键核心技术攻关取得决定性突破。突出国家战略需求，部署实施一批国家重大科技任务。加强基础研究战略性、前瞻性、体系化布局，提高基础研究投入比重，加大长期稳定支持。强化科学研究、技术开发原始创新导向，优化有利于原创性、颠覆性创新的环境，产出更多标志性原创成果。
- Promoting advances in original innovation and breakthroughs in core technologies in key fields
We should improve the new system for mobilizing resources nationwide and adopt unconventional measures to drive decisive breakthroughs in core technologies across entire chains in key fields such as integrated circuits, industrial machine tools, high-end equipment, basic software, advanced materials, and biomanufacturing. A number of major national science and technology programs should be launched, with a focus on meeting our country’s strategic needs.
We should strengthen strategic, forward-looking, and systematic planning for basic research, direct a greater share of total R&D spending toward this field, and increase long-term, stable support. We need to place a stronger emphasis on original innovation in scientific research and technological development and create an optimal environment for original and disruptive innovation, in a bid to produce a larger number of original, landmark advances.
（12）推动科技创新和产业创新深度融合。统筹国家战略科技力量建设，增强体系化攻关能力。强化科技基础条件自主保障，统筹科技创新平台基地建设。完善区域创新体系，布局建设区域科技创新中心和产业科技创新高地，强化国际科技创新中心策源功能。加快重大科技成果高效转化应用，布局建设概念验证、中试验证平台，加大应用场景建设和开放力度，加强知识产权保护和运用。营造具有全球竞争力的开放创新生态。支持青年科技人才创新创业。加强科学技术普及，培育创新文化，弘扬科学家精神。加强科技法治、伦理、诚信、安全建设。
- Promoting full integration between technological and industrial innovation
We should coordinate efforts to build up China’s strength in strategic science and technology and enhance our capacity for making systematic breakthroughs. We should strengthen self-sufficiency in scientific and technological infrastructure and take well-coordinated steps to develop innovation platforms and centers. We should improve regional innovation systems, develop regional technological innovation centers and industrial technological innovation hubs, and reinforce the role of international technological innovation centers as drivers of innovation.
We should see that major scientific and technological advances can enter practical application quickly and efficiently. To this end, we should build more proof-of-concept and pilot-scale testing platforms, work harder to develop application scenarios and make them more accessible, and strengthen the protection and application of intellectual property rights. We should create an open and globally competitive innovation ecosystem. Young scientists and engineers should receive support to pursue innovation or start their businesses. We should promote scientific and technological literacy among the public, foster a culture of innovation, and nurture dedication to science. In addition, we must work harder to uphold the rule of law, ethics, integrity, and security in the sphere of science and technology.
强化企业科技创新主体地位，推动创新资源向企业集聚，支持企业牵头组建创新联合体、更多承担国家科技攻关任务，鼓励企业加大基础研究投入，促进创新链产业链资金链人才链深度融合。培育壮大科技领军企业，支持高新技术企业和科技型中小企业发展，提高企业研发费用加计扣除比例。加大政府采购自主创新产品力度。
The principal role of enterprises in technological innovation should be reinforced. We should facilitate the flow of innovation resources toward enterprises, support them in spearheading the creation of innovation consortia and in playing a greater role in major national science and technology programs, and encourage them to make more investments in basic research. We should also promote full integration of chains of innovation with those of industry, capital, and talent.
We should nurture leading technology companies, support the development of new- and high-tech firms and sci-tech SMEs, and further raise the additional tax deductions for enterprises’ R&D expenses. We should increase government procurement of homegrown innovative products.
（13）一体推进教育科技人才发展。建立健全一体推进的协调机制，强化规划衔接、政策协同、资源统筹、评价联动，促进科技自主创新和人才自主培养良性互动，建设具有全球影响力的教育中心、科学中心、人才中心。围绕科技创新、产业发展和国家战略需求协同育人，优化高校布局、分类推进改革、统筹学科设置，深入推进“双一流”高校和国家交叉学科中心建设，强化科研机构、创新平台、企业、科技计划人才集聚培养功能，培育拔尖创新人才。加快建设国家战略人才力量，培养造就更多战略科学家、科技领军人才、卓越工程师、大国工匠、高技能人才等各类人才。加强人才协作，优化人才结构，促进人才区域协调发展。以创新能力、质量、实效、贡献为评价导向，深化项目评审、机构评估、人才评价、收入分配改革，畅通高校、科研院所、企业人才交流通道，激发创新创造动力活力。深化国际交流合作，建立高技术人才移民制度，引育世界优秀人才。
- Pursuing the integrated development of education, science and technology, and human resources
We need to institute sound mechanisms for advancing integration on this front, promoting greater coordination across development plans, policies, resources, and evaluations. We should foster positive interplay between indigenous technological innovation and the training of homegrown talent and develop globally influential centers for education, science, and talent.
Orienting talent cultivation toward technological innovation, industrial development, and national strategic needs, we should optimize the layout of higher education institutions, advance reforms on a categorized basis, and coordinate the establishment of disciplines. We should continue to develop world-class universities and academic disciplines and national centers for interdisciplinary subjects, while better leveraging the role of research institutes, innovation platforms, enterprises, and science and technology programs in pooling and nurturing talent. These endeavors will enable us to cultivate top-tier innovators.
We should move faster to build a contingent of personnel with expertise of strategic importance to our country and cultivate talent of all types, including science strategists, leading scientists, outstanding engineers, master craftspeople, and highly-skilled workers. We should increase personnel collaboration and optimize talent structures to ensure that human resources better meet regional development needs.
We should deepen reform of project reviews, institution assessments, talent evaluations, and income distribution to give greater weight to innovation capability, performance, outcomes, and contributions. We should open up channels for personnel flows between higher education institutions, research institutes, and enterprises to boost the dynamism and vitality for innovation and creation. We should deepen international exchanges and cooperation and establish an immigration system for highly-skilled personnel to attract and cultivate talent from around the world.
（14）深入推进数字中国建设。健全数据要素基础制度，建设开放共享安全的全国一体化数据市场，深化数据资源开发利用。促进实体经济和数字经济深度融合，实施工业互联网创新发展工程。加快人工智能等数智技术创新，突破基础理论和核心技术，强化算力、算法、数据等高效供给。全面实施“人工智能+”行动，以人工智能引领科研范式变革，加强人工智能同产业发展、文化建设、民生保障、社会治理相结合，抢占人工智能产业应用制高点，全方位赋能千行百业。加强人工智能治理，完善相关法律法规、政策制度、应用规范、伦理准则。完善监管，推动平台经济创新和健康发展。
- Advancing the Digital China Initiative
We should refine our foundational systems for data as a factor of production, foster an integrated national data market characterized by openness, sharing, and security, and advance the development and utilization of data resources. We should promote full integration between the real economy and the digital economy and advance the project for the innovative development of the Industrial Internet. We should accelerate innovation in digital and intelligent technologies such as AI, make breakthroughs in basic theories and core technologies, and ensure more efficient supply of computing power, algorithms, and data.
The AI Plus Initiative should be advanced across the board. We should steer the transformation of scientific research paradigms with AI, apply AI tools in industrial development, cultural advancement, public wellbeing initiatives, and social governance, and strive to gain the edge in AI industrial application. All these efforts will facilitate AI empowerment in all sectors on all fronts. We must also strengthen governance over AI and refine relevant laws, regulations, policies, systems, application standards, and ethical codes. We should conduct sound regulation of the platform economy to promote its innovative and healthy development.
