三、强化监督力度和实效，监督“一府一委两院”依法履职，保障党中央重大决策部署贯彻落实
文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/13096.html
Third, we exercised more stringent and effective oversight of the lawful performance of the State Council, the National Commission of Supervision, the Supreme People’s Court, and the Supreme People’s Procuratorate to ensure the full implementation of the Party Central Committee’s major decisions and plans.文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/13096.html
文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/13096.html
人民代表大会制度的重要原则和制度设计的基本要求，就是任何国家机关及其工作人员的权力都要受到监督和制约。常委会认真履行宪法法律赋予的监督职责，统筹运用法定监督方式，推动解决制约经济社会发展的突出矛盾和问题，确保法律法规得到有效实施，确保各国家机关都在宪法法律范围内履行职责、开展工作，确保行政权、监察权、审判权、检察权依法正确行使。坚持正确监督、有效监督、依法监督，听取、审议31个报告，检查6部法律实施情况，进行2次专题询问，开展7项专题调研，作出1项决议。文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/13096.html
文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/13096.html
An important principle of the people’s congress system and a basic requirement of its institutional design is that the power of all state organs and their staff must be subject to oversight and constraints. Last year, we diligently performed our constitutionally and legally prescribed oversight duties and employed various statutory oversight methods to help solve prominent issues impeding China’s economic and social development. Our oversight ensured that laws and regulations were effectively implemented, that all state organs performed their duties and carried out their work within the scope prescribed by the Constitution and the law, and that administrative, supervisory, adjudicatory, and procuratorial powers were properly exercised in accordance with the law.文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/13096.html
文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/13096.html
Committed to exercising appropriate, effective, and law-based oversight, we heard and deliberated 31 reports, carried out inspections on the implementation of 6 laws, conducted 2 special inquiries, launched 7 research projects, and adopted 1 resolution.文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/13096.html
文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/13096.html
全国人大专门委员会、常委会工作委员会是开展监督工作的具体组织者和实施者。围绕常委会确定的监督项目特别是12个专项工作报告和7项专题调研，专门委员会、工作委员会认真履行法定职责，充分发挥职能作用，推动了党和国家重大战略、重大任务、重大工作的贯彻落实。在经济领域，常委会听取审议关于国民经济和社会发展计划执行情况的报告，定期分析经济形势，跟踪监督经济运行情况，确保大会批准的计划全面贯彻落实。听取审议关于加快构建新型农业经营体系、推动小农户和现代农业发展有机衔接情况的报告，听取审议关于建设现代综合交通运输体系有关工作情况的报告并开展专题询问。围绕加强种质资源保护和育种创新情况、发挥海外侨胞在共建“一带一路”中的重要作用进行专题调研。在生态环保领域，听取审议关于2020年度环境状况和环保目标完成情况、研究处理土壤污染防治法执法检查报告及审议意见情况的报告，关于长江流域生态环保工作、雄安新区和白洋淀生态保护工作等报告，专题调研以国家公园为主体的自然保护地体系建设情况。在社会事业领域，听取审议关于教师队伍建设和教师法实施情况、文物工作和文物保护法实施情况的报告，专题调研促进人口较少民族经济社会发展情况。开展民族法治建设研究，持续推进依法治理民族事务。文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/13096.html
The NPC special committees and the Standing Committee working bodies are responsible for the organization and execution of specific oversight work. Last year, they performed their legal duties and fully played their roles in carrying out oversight projects determined by the Standing Committee, most notably including 12 work reports and 7 research projects. Their work facilitated the implementation of the major strategies, tasks, and initiatives of the Party and the country.
Regarding the economy, we heard and deliberated a report on the implementation of the 2021 plan for national economic and social development adopted by the fourth session of the 13th NPC, provided regular analysis of economic trends, and monitored the state of the economy, so that the plan could come to full fruition.
We heard and deliberated a report on accelerating the development of a new system for agricultural operations and on encouraging small rural households to become involved in modern agriculture. We heard and deliberated a report on building a modern comprehensive transportation system and launched a relevant inquiry.
We conducted research into strengthening germplasm resource conservation and innovation in plant breeding and into leveraging the key role of overseas Chinese in the joint pursuit of the Belt and Road Initiative.
Regarding ecological conservation and environmental protection, we heard and deliberated the State Council’s report on the state of the environment in 2020, progress on environmental protection targets for the year, and its handling of our inspection report and relevant recommendations on the implementation of the Law on the Prevention and Control of Soil Pollution.
We heard and deliberated reports on environmental protection in the Yangtze River basin and on ecological conservation in Xiongan New Area and at Lake Baiyangdian. We also conducted research on the development of the national park-based nature reserve system.
Regarding social affairs, we heard and deliberated reports on teacher training and the implementation of the Teachers Law and on preservation of cultural heritage and implementation of the Cultural Relics Protection Law.
We launched a research project on efforts to promote economic and social development for ethnic groups with smaller populations. We conducted studies on strengthening the rule of law in ethnic affairs and continued advancing law-based administration of ethnic affairs.
认真贯彻落实积极财政政策、减税降费举措、支持科技创新、“过紧日子”等要求，做好预算决算审查监督。听取审议关于2020年中央决算报告，审查批准中央决算，突出绩效导向，扩大重点项目绩效评价范围，涉及金额达到1.7万亿元。听取审议关于预算执行情况的报告，跟踪监督2.8万亿元中央财政直达资金下达和使用情况。听取审议关于2020年度中央预算执行和其他财政收支的审计工作的报告、审计查出问题整改情况的报告。跟踪监督政策执行，监督政府有关部门查处解决违规返还税收收入、政府盲目举债、侵占挪用生态环保资金等问题，保障财税政策落实见效。推进预算联网监督系统建设，初步实现横向跨部门、纵向跨层级的工作协同和数据共享。推进预算工委基层联系点建设。
In our examination and oversight of budgets and final accounts, we worked diligently to ensure compliance with the requirements to implement proactive fiscal policy, cut taxes and fees, support technological innovation, and practice fiscal frugality.
We heard and deliberated a report on the central final accounts for 2020, which we approved after reviewing. In this process, we put more emphasis on performance and expanded the scope of performance-based evaluations of key programs, involving funds totaling 1.7 trillion yuan.
We heard and deliberated a report on budget execution, and we exercised follow-up oversight of the direct provision and use of 2.8 trillion yuan in central government funds.
We heard and deliberated an audit report on central budget execution and other fiscal revenues and expenditures for 2020 and a report on the rectification of problems discovered through that audit. In monitoring the execution of fiscal and tax policies to ensure their effective implementation, we oversaw relevant government departments’ investigations into and handling of issues like irregularities in tax rebates, indiscriminate government borrowing, and misappropriation of environmental protection funds.
With further progress in developing an online budget oversight system, we achieved preliminary success in coordinating work and sharing data between different departments at different levels. We also made headway in establishing local liaison offices for our Budgetary Affairs Commission.
开展预算审查监督重点拓展改革和国有资产管理情况监督，是本届以来党中央赋予人大的新职责新要求。听取审议关于财政交通运输资金分配和使用情况的报告，开展财政补贴管理与改革情况专题调研，推动科技创新、环境保护、社会保障、卫生健康、乡村振兴等支持政策落地，确保财政支出重点支持和保障党中央重大决策部署的贯彻落实。连续4年审议关于国有资产管理情况的年度综合报告和专项报告，加快推进国资联网监督工作。制定关于设立国有自然资源资产管理人大监督评价指标体系的意见，首次听取审议关于国有自然资源资产管理情况的专项报告，推动国务院基本摸清全民所有的11类主要国有自然资源资产家底，实现了企业国有资产、金融企业国有资产、行政事业性国有资产、国有自然资源资产四大类别国有资产管理情况监督全覆盖。这些监督，起到了防止国有自然资源遭受损害、国有资产遭到流失的作用。国务院审计部门首次向全国人大常委会提交国有资产审计情况专项报告。修订常委会关于加强中央预算审查监督的决定、加强经济工作监督的决定，构建预算审查、经济工作监督的长效机制。推动出台和贯彻落实党中央关于加强地方人大对政府债务审查监督的意见，有效防范化解地方政府债务风险。
Since the beginning of the current NPC’s term, the Party Central Committee has entrusted it with new responsibilities and requirements to carry out reform for expanding the focus of budgetary examination and oversight and to conduct oversight of state-owned asset management.
Last year, we heard and deliberated a report on the allocation and use of government funds for transportation, carried out research on the management and reform of government subsidies, and advanced the implementation of policies supporting scientific and technological innovation, environmental protection, social security, healthcare, and rural revitalization. In these endeavors, we ensured that fiscal expenditures prioritized the execution of major decisions and plans of the Party Central Committee.
For the fourth consecutive year, we deliberated the annual comprehensive report and a special report on the management of state-owned assets. We moved faster to advance online oversight of state-owned assets. We formulated guidelines on setting up a system of standards for NPC oversight and evaluation of state-owned natural resource asset management; we heard and deliberated the first-ever special report on state-owned natural resource asset management; and we encouraged the State Council to establish a rough inventory of 11 major categories of such assets that belong to the whole people. We now exercise oversight over the management of all four classes of state-owned assets: assets held by non-financial enterprises, assets held by financial enterprises, assets held by government offices and public institutions, and natural resource assets. Our oversight has had the effect of preventing damage to state-owned natural resources and losses of state-owned assets.
For the first time, the audit office of the State Council submitted a special report to the Standing Committee on an audit of state-owned assets. We revised our decisions to strengthen examination and oversight of central budgets and to strengthen oversight over economic work in an effort to establish long-term mechanisms.
In order to effectively guard against and mitigate local government debt risks, we pushed for the issuance and implementation of Party Central Committee guidelines for strengthening the examination and oversight of government debt by local people’s congresses.
加强对法律实施情况的监督。坚持依照法定职责、限于法定范围、遵守法定程序，逐条对照法律条文开展执法检查。检查企业破产法、中医药法、畜牧法、固体废物污染环境防治法、公证法、消防法6部法律的实施情况，共有23个检查小组分赴各省（区、市）实地检查，委员长会议组成人员分别带队，常委会委员和专门委员会成员133人次、全国人大代表66人次参加执法检查工作。常委会会议听取审议了6个执法检查报告。在检查固体废物污染环境防治法实施情况时，首次组织全国人大代表开展专题调研，共有13个省（区、市）的240名代表参加。结合联组审议执法检查报告开展专题询问，做好法律实施情况评估，统筹做好执法检查和法律宣传普及，在“学习强国”平台开展固体废物污染环境防治法答题活动，共约3200万人参加，推动法律全面有效贯彻落实。在检查企业破产法实施情况时，充分运用法律评估和大数据分析，与关联法律分析相结合，为更好实施法律、修改法律提供依据。
We intensified oversight of the implementation of the law.
In compliance with our statutory duties, acting within our statutory scope of authority, and following statutory procedures, we conducted inspections into the implementation of laws on an article-by-article basis.
We inspected the implementation of six laws: the Enterprise Bankruptcy Law, the Traditional Chinese Medicine Law, the Animal Husbandry Law, the Law on the Prevention and Control of Environmental Pollution by Solid Wastes, the Notarization Law, and the Fire Prevention and Control Law. A total of 23 inspection teams led by members of the Council of Chairpersons were sent to provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities directly under the central government across the country, with attendance of members of the Standing Committee and various special committees reaching 133 and attendance of NPC deputies reaching 66. These inspections resulted in six reports, which have been heard and deliberated by the Standing Committee.
When inspecting the implementation of the Law on the Prevention and Control of Environmental Pollution by Solid Wastes, we organized the first-ever research project for NPC deputies, with participation by 240 deputies from 13 provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities directly under the central government. We conducted a special inquiry based on joint group deliberations of the inspection report so as to ensure an accurate evaluation of the Law’s implementation status. Coordinating our inspections with efforts to raise public legal awareness, we launched a quiz about the Law on an online learning platform, attracting approximately 32 million participants and helping to ensure the Law’s full and effective implementation.
When inspecting the implementation of the Enterprise Bankruptcy Law, we made full use of legal assessment tools and big data analysis. Combined with scrutiny of related laws, these methods provided good reference for better implementation and revision of the Law in the future.
加强监察、司法工作监督，维护社会公平正义。开展推进监察监督全覆盖情况专题调研，增强监察监督的有效性。听取审议最高人民法院关于知识产权审判工作情况的报告、关于专利等知识产权案件诉讼程序若干问题决定实施情况的报告，最高人民检察院关于办理控告申诉案件工作情况的报告。听取审议关于“七五”普法决议贯彻落实情况的报告，通过关于开展第八个五年法治宣传教育的决议，为实现《法治社会建设实施纲要（2020－2025年）》提出的到2025年“八五”普法规划实施完成、法治观念深入人心等目标任务提供有力支撑。
We stepped up oversight of supervisory and judicial work to safeguard social fairness and justice.
We conducted research on the progress of efforts to extend supervisory oversight over all public employees, with the goal of enhancing the effectiveness of supervisory oversight.
We heard and deliberated reports from the Supreme People’s Court on adjudication involving intellectual property rights and on its implementation of the Standing Committee decision on issues regarding litigation procedures for cases involving patents and other intellectual property rights, as well as a report from the Supreme People’s Procuratorate on handling lawsuits and appeals.
We also heard and deliberated a report on the implementation of the resolution on the seventh five-year initiative to raise public awareness of the rule of law, and we adopted a resolution to launch the eighth five-year initiative. In doing so, we provided a strong foundation for accomplishing the goals laid out in the Outline for Building a Law-Based Society (2020-2025), including those to complete work on the eighth five-year initiative and to have the people fully embrace the rule of law by 2025.
四、支持和保障代表依法履职，使发挥代表作用成为人民当家作主的重要体现
Fourth, we provided support and safeguards for deputies to carry out their duties in accordance with the law and made sure that the idea of the people as masters of the country was reflected in how our deputies played their roles.
人大代表是国家权力机关的组成人员，代表人民参加行使国家权力，在发展全过程人民民主中发挥着重要作用。常委会遵循和把握代表工作规律，不断提高代表工作水平，密切国家机关同人大代表的联系，密切人大代表同人民群众的联系，发挥代表作为党和国家联系人民群众的桥梁作用。
Deputies to people’s congresses are members of organs of state power, and they participate in the exercise of state power on behalf of the people, thus playing an important role in developing whole-process people’s democracy. Complying with the principles underpinning our work related to deputies, we further improved our performance and enhanced deputies’ ties with state organs and the general public to help them serve as the bridge that links the Party and the country with the people.
提出议案和建议，是代表行使权利、依法履职的重要内容。十三届全国人大四次会议期间代表提出的473件议案，已由相关专门委员会全部审议完毕，其中90件议案涉及的30个立法项目已审议通过或正在审议，176件议案涉及的68个立法项目已列入立法规划或计划。大会期间代表提出的8993件建议，统一交由194家承办单位研究办理并全部办理完毕；闭会期间代表提出的265件建议，交由98家承办单位研究办理并逐一向代表反馈办理情况，推动解决了一批实际问题。代表对建议办理工作表示满意或基本满意的达97.93%。
Submitting proposals and suggestions is an important way for deputies to exercise their rights and perform their duties in accordance with the law.
All 473 proposals deputies put forward during the fourth session of the 13th NPC were reviewed by special committees. Among these, 30 legislative projects addressed in 90 proposals were reviewed and adopted or are currently under review, and 68 legislative projects addressed in 176 proposals have been included in our five-year or annual legislative plan. All 8,993 suggestions submitted by deputies during that session were forwarded to 194 organizations for examination and handling, which has now been completed. The 265 suggestions that were raised when the NPC was not in session were handed over to 98 organizations for examination and handling. These organizations have reported back to deputies on how each of their suggestions has been handled. As a result, a number of practical issues have been solved. Approximately 97.93 percent of deputies reported being satisfied or basically satisfied with how their suggestions were handled.
加强与代表的联系，把常委会工作建立在坚实的民意基础之上。常委会组成人员中，有156位直接联系439名基层代表。专门委员会、工作委员会也建立了联系代表的机制。邀请150余人次代表列席常委会会议、参加列席代表座谈会，代表在座谈会上提出的78条意见建议均及时办理并逐一向代表通报。200多人次代表应邀参加常委会立法调研、起草、论证、评估等工作，湿地保护法、体育法等与人民群众利益息息相关的重要法律草案专门征求相关领域代表的意见。300多人次代表参加常委会执法检查、专题调研、计划和预算审查监督、国有资产管理监督、对外交往等工作。
We strengthened our ties with deputies and grounded our work in the will of the people.
Among the members of the Standing Committee, 156 maintain direct contact with 439 deputies working at the primary level. NPC special committees and Standing Committee working bodies have also put in place mechanisms for staying in contact with deputies.
We sent more than 150 invitations to deputies to attend Standing Committee meetings in a nonvoting capacity and to join follow-up deputy discussions, and we promptly handled all 78 of their opinions and suggestions from the follow-up discussions, offering individualized feedback for each.
Deputies were invited to attend various Standing Committee activities, such as legislative research, drafting, debates, and assessments, with total attendance exceeding 200. For drafts of important laws concerning the immediate interests of the general public such as the Wetlands Protection Law and the Physical Culture and Sports Law, we solicited advice from deputies with backgrounds in relevant sectors.
There were over 300 instances of deputies participating in the work of the Standing Committee, including inspections into the implementation of laws, research projects, plan and budget examination and oversight, state-owned asset management oversight, and international exchanges.
积极做好代表活动的保障工作。共有1600余人次代表参加集中视察、专题调研活动，形成百余篇调研报告。共473名代表参加国务院及其有关部门组织的督察和座谈，471名代表参加最高人民法院开展的视察调研、旁听庭审和会议座谈等活动，465名代表参加检察机关组织的视察和会议。组织香港全国人大代表通过视频连线方式，视察新疆经济社会发展和民族团结情况。组织澳门全国人大代表赴海南调研自由贸易港建设情况。上海、江苏、浙江、安徽等省市的部分全国人大代表围绕“长江流域禁捕执法监管情况”等开展联合调研和视察。
We worked actively to support deputies in carrying out their activities.
Deputy attendance of inspection tours and research projects surpassed 1,600, leading to the compilation of over 100 reports. A total of 473 deputies participated in inspections and discussions organized by the State Council and its departments; 471 attended court trials or participated in meetings, forums, inspections, and research activities organized by the Supreme People’s Court; and 465 took part in inspections and meetings organized by procuratorial bodies.
We arranged for Hong Kong deputies to the NPC to remotely inspect economic and social development and ethnic solidarity in Xinjiang via video. We also arranged for NPC deputies from Macao to travel to Hainan province to conduct research on the development of the free trade port there.
Some NPC deputies from provinces and municipalities including Shanghai, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, and Anhui carried out joint field research and inspections on issues such as the enforcement and supervision of the Yangtze River basin fishing ban.
加强代表履职能力建设。组织全国人大代表专题学习党史、新中国史、改革开放史、社会主义发展史，现场或视频收看建党百年庆祝活动，港澳全国人大代表分别前往革命旧址参观学习，开展爱党爱国爱社会主义主题活动。建成全国人大代表工作信息化平台。采取线上线下相结合方式，举办6期专题学习班，共有5824人次代表参加学习。代表在履职活动中，忠实代表人民利益和意志，展现了“人民选我当代表、我当代表为人民”的责任担当，提出的议案、建议装着满满的民意，体现了我国社会主义民主不仅有完整的制度程序，而且有完整的参与实践，是最广泛、最真实、最管用的全过程人民民主。
We helped deputies improve their ability to perform duties.
We arranged for NPC deputies to study the history of the CPC, the People’s Republic of China, reform and opening up, and the development of socialism, and we arranged for them to attend celebrations of the Party’s centenary in-person or tune in via video. We also arranged visits to revolutionary sites for deputies from Hong Kong and Macao to strengthen their love for the Party, the country, and socialism. We built an online NPC deputy work platform. We held six online and offline special study sessions with a total deputy attendance of 5,824.
In performing their duties, our deputies faithfully represented the interests and will of the people, showed a strong sense of commitment to the people as their elected representatives, and reflected public opinion in their proposals and suggestions. This proved that China’s socialist democracy not only has a complete set of institutions and procedures, but it also has full-fledged civil participation, and it is a whole-process people’s democracy to the broadest extent, of the truest nature, and to the greatest effect possible.
根据党中央统一部署，贯彻落实新修改的选举法，常委会加强对县乡人大换届选举工作的指导，做好选举相关工作。目前，新一轮县乡人大换届选举已基本完成，全国10亿多选民直接选举产生200多万名县乡两级人大代表。
In line with the overall arrangements of the Party Central Committee and in accordance with the newly-revised Electoral Law, we stepped up guidance on elections of people’s congresses at the county and township levels to ensure their success. At present, elections for new people’s congresses at the county and township levels have been largely completed across the country, and over two million deputies have been directly elected by more than one billion voters.
