七、提升城乡建设绿色低碳发展质量
VII. Improving the Quality of Green and Low-Carbon Development of Urban and Rural Areas文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/12424.html
文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/12424.html
（十七）推进城乡建设和管理模式低碳转型。在城乡规划建设管理各环节全面落实绿色低碳要求。推动城市组团式发展，建设城市生态和通风廊道，提升城市绿化水平。合理规划城镇建筑面积发展目标，严格管控高能耗公共建筑建设。实施工程建设全过程绿色建造，健全建筑拆除管理制度，杜绝大拆大建。加快推进绿色社区建设。结合实施乡村建设行动，推进县城和农村绿色低碳发展。文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/12424.html
文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/12424.html
17. Promoting low-carbon transformation in urban and rural development and management mode. Green and low-carbon requirements must be applied to every link of urban and rural planning, development, and management. We will promote the development of city clusters, develop urban ecological corridors and ventilation channels, and promote afforestation in urban areas. The gross floor area for buildings in urban will be set at a reasonable level, and strict limits will be enforced on public buildings with high energy consumption. We need to ensure green building practices are applied throughout the construction process, improve the management system for the demolition of buildings, and avoid demolition and construction on a large scale. The development of green communities will be accelerated. In comprehensively advancing rural development initiatives, we need to promote the green and low-carbon development of county towns and rural areas.文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/12424.html
文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/12424.html
（十八）大力发展节能低碳建筑。持续提高新建建筑节能标准，加快推进超低能耗、近零能耗、低碳建筑规模化发展。大力推进城镇既有建筑和市政基础设施节能改造，提升建筑节能低碳水平。逐步开展建筑能耗限额管理，推行建筑能效测评标识，开展建筑领域低碳发展绩效评估。全面推广绿色低碳建材，推动建筑材料循环利用。发展绿色农房。文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/12424.html
文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/12424.html
18. Vigorously promoting energy-conserving and low-carbon buildings. We must continuously raise energy conservation standards for new buildings and accelerate the large-scale development of ultra-low energy, near-zero energy, and low-carbon buildings. We need to advance energy conservation retrofits of urban buildings and municipal infrastructure and ensure buildings consume less energy and emit less carbon. We will gradually introduce energy consumption caps as well as energy efficiency assessment and labeling for buildings, and we need to conduct low-carbon development assessments in the construction industry. We will comprehensively promote green and low-carbon building materials and promote the recycling of building materials. We will also encourage the development of green housing in rural areas.文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/12424.html
文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/12424.html
（十九）加快优化建筑用能结构。深化可再生能源建筑应用，加快推动建筑用能电气化和低碳化。开展建筑屋顶光伏行动，大幅提高建筑采暖、生活热水、炊事等电气化普及率。在北方城镇加快推进热电联产集中供暖，加快工业余热供暖规模化发展，积极稳妥推进核电余热供暖，因地制宜推进热泵、燃气、生物质能、地热能等清洁低碳供暖。
19. Moving faster to improve the energy consumption structure of buildings. The use of renewable energy in buildings will be promoted, and the conversion to electric and low-carbon energy in buildings should be accelerated. We will launch rooftop photovoltaic initiatives and greatly increase the electrification rate for heating in buildings, domestic water heating, and cooking. We will move more rapidly to advance combined heat and power (CHP) central heating in cities and towns in northern China and to promote the large-scale application of residual heat from industrial processes in heating systems, while taking active and prudent steps to promote heating produced through nuclear waste heat recovery. In addition, we need to advance clean and low-carbon forms of heating such as heat pumps, gas, biomass energy and geothermal energy in light of local conditions.
八、加强绿色低碳重大科技攻关和推广应用
VIII. Strengthening Research on Green and Low-Carbon Technologies and Promoting Their Application
（二十）强化基础研究和前沿技术布局。制定科技支撑碳达峰、碳中和行动方案，编制碳中和技术发展路线图。采用“揭榜挂帅”机制，开展低碳零碳负碳和储能新材料、新技术、新装备攻关。加强气候变化成因及影响、生态系统碳汇等基础理论和方法研究。推进高效率太阳能电池、可再生能源制氢、可控核聚变、零碳工业流程再造等低碳前沿技术攻关。培育一批节能降碳和新能源技术产品研发国家重点实验室、国家技术创新中心、重大科技创新平台。建设碳达峰、碳中和人才体系，鼓励高等学校增设碳达峰、碳中和相关学科专业。
20. Strengthening basic research and research on cutting-edge technologies. We will formulate an action plan to ensure science and technology better support our endeavor to peak carbon dioxide emissions and achieve carbon neutrality and develop a technological roadmap to carbon neutrality. We will continue with the open competition mechanism to select the best candidates to lead research on low-carbon, zero-carbon and carbon-negative technologies and on new materials, technologies, and equipment for energy storage. We need to strengthen research on basic theories and methods concerning the cause and impact of climate change as well as on carbon sinks in ecosystems. We must work toward breakthroughs in cutting-edge low-carbon technologies such as high-efficiency solar batteries, hydrogen production from renewable energy sources, controlled nuclear fusion, and zero-carbon industrial process reengineering. We need to develop key national laboratories, national technological innovation centers, and major scientific and technological innovation platforms for the research and development of energy-saving, carbon-reducing, and new-energy technologies and products. We need to develop a talent pool for the task of peaking carbon dioxide emissions and achieving carbon neutrality and encourage universities and colleges to establish disciplines and majors relevant to peak carbon dioxide emissions and achieve carbon neutrality.
（二十一）加快先进适用技术研发和推广。深入研究支撑风电、太阳能发电大规模友好并网的智能电网技术。加强电化学、压缩空气等新型储能技术攻关、示范和产业化应用。加强氢能生产、储存、应用关键技术研发、示范和规模化应用。推广园区能源梯级利用等节能低碳技术。推动气凝胶等新型材料研发应用。推进规模化碳捕集利用与封存技术研发、示范和产业化应用。建立完善绿色低碳技术评估、交易体系和科技创新服务平台。
21. Speeding up the research, development and dissemination of advanced and applicable technologies. We need to develop smart grid technologies that can support the smooth, large-scale integration of wind and solar power into the grid. We must strengthen research and industrial application of advanced energy storage technologies such as electrochemistry and compressed air energy storage. We also need to advance the research and large-scale application of key technologies for hydrogen production, storage, and application. We will promote energy-conserving and low-carbon technologies such as energy cascading utilization in industrial parks. The research and application of aerogel and other new materials will be strengthened. We will advance research, demonstration and industrial application of technologies of carbon capture, utilization and storage on a large scale. Steps should be taken to establish sound systems for the assessment and trading of green and low-carbon technologies as well as service platforms for scientific and technological innovation.
九、持续巩固提升碳汇能力
IX. Continuing to Consolidate and Improving Carbon Sink Capacity
（二十二）巩固生态系统碳汇能力。强化国土空间规划和用途管控，严守生态保护红线，严控生态空间占用，稳定现有森林、草原、湿地、海洋、土壤、冻土、岩溶等固碳作用。严格控制新增建设用地规模，推动城乡存量建设用地盘活利用。严格执行土地使用标准，加强节约集约用地评价，推广节地技术和节地模式。
22. Consolidating the carbon sink capacity of ecosystems. We must strengthen the planning and use regulation of territorial space, and we must strictly enforce ecological conservation red lines and control the appropriation of ecological space. We need to stabilize the carbon sequestration function of existing forests, grasslands, wetlands, seas, soils, permafrost, and karst areas. We will strictly control the scale of incremental construction land and put into use urban and rural land held in reserve for construction. We must ensure full enforcement of land-use rules, enhance evaluations of economical and intensive land use, and promote the application of land-saving techniques and modes of development.
（二十三）提升生态系统碳汇增量。实施生态保护修复重大工程，开展山水林田湖草沙一体化保护和修复。深入推进大规模国土绿化行动，巩固退耕还林还草成果，实施森林质量精准提升工程，持续增加森林面积和蓄积量。加强草原生态保护修复。强化湿地保护。整体推进海洋生态系统保护和修复，提升红树林、海草床、盐沼等固碳能力。开展耕地质量提升行动，实施国家黑土地保护工程，提升生态农业碳汇。积极推动岩溶碳汇开发利用。
23. Increasing the carbon sink capacity of ecosystems. We will implement major projects for protecting and restoring ecosystems and coordinate the protection and restoration of mountains, rivers, forests, farmlands, lakes, grasslands and sandy lands. We need to promote further large-scale afforestation and consolidate the achievements made in returning marginal farmlands to forests and grasslands. We will implement projects to make targeted improvements to forest quality and continue to increase forest area and stock volume. We will strengthen grassland ecological protection and restoration as well as wetland protection. We need to promote protection and restoration of marine ecosystems in a holistic way and improve the carbon sequestration capacity of mangroves, seagrass beds, and salt marshes. We will launch initiatives to improve the quality of cultivated land, carry out a conservation project for China’s chernozem soils, and increase the carbon sink capacity of ecological agriculture. We will promote the development and utilization of karst areas as carbon sinks.
十、提高对外开放绿色低碳发展水平
X. Promoting a Green and Low-Carbon Mode of Opening Up
（二十四）加快建立绿色贸易体系。持续优化贸易结构，大力发展高质量、高技术、高附加值绿色产品贸易。完善出口政策，严格管理高耗能高排放产品出口。积极扩大绿色低碳产品、节能环保服务、环境服务等进口。
24. Accelerating the development of a green trade system. As we continue to improve the composition of trade, we need to make great efforts to promote the trading of green products that are high-quality, high value-added, and technologically advanced. Our export policies will be improved to exercise strict regulation over exports of energy-intensive and high-emission products. We will expand imports of green and low-carbon products, environmental services, and services for energy conservation and environmental protection.
（二十五）推进绿色“一带一路”建设。加快“一带一路”投资合作绿色转型。支持共建“一带一路”国家开展清洁能源开发利用。大力推动南南合作，帮助发展中国家提高应对气候变化能力。深化与各国在绿色技术、绿色装备、绿色服务、绿色基础设施建设等方面的交流与合作，积极推动我国新能源等绿色低碳技术和产品走出去，让绿色成为共建“一带一路”的底色。
25. Promoting the development of green Belt and Road. We will accelerate a green transformation in Belt and Road investment and cooperation practices and support the development and use of clean energy in participant countries. We will strive to promote South-South cooperation to help other developing countries better address climate change. We will deepen exchanges and cooperation with other countries on environment-friendly technology, equipment, services and infrastructure construction, actively encourage China’s new-energy and other green and low-carbon technologies and products to go global, and make green development a defining feature in the joint pursuit of the Belt and Road Initiative.
（二十六）加强国际交流与合作。积极参与应对气候变化国际谈判，坚持我国发展中国家定位，坚持共同但有区别的责任原则、公平原则和各自能力原则，维护我国发展权益。履行《联合国气候变化框架公约》及其《巴黎协定》，发布我国长期温室气体低排放发展战略，积极参与国际规则和标准制定，推动建立公平合理、合作共赢的全球气候治理体系。加强应对气候变化国际交流合作，统筹国内外工作，主动参与全球气候和环境治理。
26. Strengthening international exchanges and cooperation. China will take an active part in international talks on climate change. As a developing country, China adheres to the principles of common but differentiated responsibilities, respective capabilities, and fairness and safeguards its development rights and interests. We will follow the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change and its Paris Agreement and issue China’s Mid-Century Long-Term Low Greenhouse Gas Emission Development Strategy. We will actively participate in formulating international rules and standards and promote the establishment of a fair and rational system for global climate governance based on mutually beneficial cooperation. We will strengthen international exchanges and cooperation on climate change and coordinate our domestic and international efforts to play an active role in global climate and environmental governance.
