三、充分尊重劳动者的就业意愿
III. Full Respect for Workers’ Job Preferences文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/9779.html
文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/9779.html
新疆始终把尊重劳动者意愿作为制定就业政策、拓宽就业渠道、开发就业岗位、开展就业培训、提供就业服务的重要依据，确保广大劳动者能够自主自愿、心情舒畅地生产生活。文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/9779.html
文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/9779.html
Workers’ job preferences have always served as an important reference for the local government of Xinjiang in designing its employment policies, expanding employment channels, creating jobs, organizing vocational training sessions, and providing placement services. This ensures that the people can make their own choices about work and enjoy a happy life.文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/9779.html
文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/9779.html
全面了解劳动力资源状况。持续完善就业失业统计指标体系，实施农村劳动力资源定点监测、企业用工监测和人力资源市场供求情况监测，建立失业监测预警机制，依托乡镇（街道）劳动保障事务所、村（社区）劳动保障工作站，对辖区内劳动力数量、年龄、性别、文化程度、就业状况等基本信息进行摸底，根据监测和调查结果制定就业政策和规划。调查显示，截至2019年底，全疆有农村富余劳动力259.03万人，其中，南疆地区165.41万人，占比63.86%。文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/9779.html
文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/9779.html
Forming a comprehensive picture of the local labor resources. The local government has constantly improved the statistical indicators for measuring employment and unemployment. It has put in place systems for monitoring labor resources in rural areas, employment in enterprises, and supply and demand on the human resource market, and has set up an unemployment monitoring and alert mechanism accordingly. Based on the labor offices at township/sub-district and village/community levels, local authorities have established basic information on the number, age, gender, education level, and employment status of the workforce in their respective jurisdiction. The monitoring and survey results serve as reference for formulating employment policies and plans. Surveys show that by the end of 2019, Xinjiang had a surplus rural workforce of 2.59 million people, among whom 1.65 million were in southern Xinjiang, accounting for almost two-thirds of the total.文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/9779.html
文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/9779.html
及时掌握劳动者就业意愿和需求。定期开展劳动者就业意愿调查，及时掌握劳动者在就业地点、就业岗位、薪酬待遇、工作条件、生活环境、发展前景等方面的需求，以便提供更有针对性的服务，努力达到人岗精准匹配，促进长期稳定就业。据调查，2020年初，喀什地区莎车县古勒巴格镇奥依巴格村共有3540人，其中，有劳动能力的1509人中，1288人有转移就业意愿，占比85%。这些人员中，有923人愿到工厂车间工作，平均期望月薪5000元左右；365人愿到外地从事打馕、餐饮、干果经营、文艺演出等职业。2019年，和田地区和田县巴格其镇的3个村共有人口5307人，其中，有劳动能力的1699人中，1493人有转移就业意愿，占比88%；有180人愿留在当地就业，希望到乡镇企业或村办工厂、扶贫合作社工作，平均期望月薪3000元左右；另有26人希望在当地创业，经营物流运输、物业家政、建筑工程、美发、餐饮、商超等。通过掌握就业意愿，满足个性化需求，有效促进了劳动力有序流动，提升了就业稳定性和满意度。
Keeping track of the job preferences and needs of workers. The local government conducts regular surveys of the job preferences of workers, to keep track of their expectations in terms of location, position, salary, future prospects, and working and living environment. This allows the provision of more targeted services, aiming for the best possible match between employees and positions and promoting long-term stable employment. According to a survey in early 2020, with a population of 3,540, the Aybagh Village in Gulbagh Town, Shache (Yarkant) County, Kashgar Prefecture, had a workforce of 1,509 people, of whom 1,288, or 85 percent, were interested in working outside their county. Among these people, 923 wished to do factory work in the expectation of an average salary of about RMB5,000; 365 preferred to make a living by making naan bread, engage in catering or the dried fruit business, or pursue a career in the performing arts.
In 2019, a survey in three villages of Baghchi Town, Hotan County, Hotan Prefecture counted a total population of 5,307, with 1,699 people capable of work, of whom, 1,493, or 88 percent, were keen to work outside their home villages. Of the remainder, 180 preferred to work locally in township enterprises, village factories, or poverty-relief cooperatives offering an average monthly salary of RMB3,000; the other 26 wished to start businesses locally, engaging in transport and logistics, property management and household services, construction, hairdressing, catering or retail stores. These indicators give the government a clearer understanding of the job preferences of workers so it can better satisfy their individual needs, effectively promote the orderly flow of the workforce, and improve employment stability and job satisfaction.
积极搭建就业信息平台。广泛联系用人单位，收集整理岗位供求信息，依托信息化技术手段，通过人力资源市场、公共就业服务机构、公共就业服务网络平台、广播、电视、村社区宣传栏等渠道及时公开发布，为劳动者自愿就业、自由择业提供信息服务。例如，阿克苏地区以公共就业服务门户网站、微信公众号等为载体，集中发布岗位信息和求职信息，为用人单位和劳动者搭建双向选择平台。2014年以来，全地区组织各类招聘会621场次，吸引4953家企业参与，提供就业岗位14.5万余个，实现3.86万人就业。阿克苏市阿依库勒镇贫困户艾比布拉·马木提，通过招聘会了解到杭州一家电器企业的用工信息，主动应聘，录用后当年收入5.5万元，实现了脱贫。
Building employment information platforms. The local government has built an extensive contact network with employers to collect and collate job information, which is released timely with the help of information technology through the human resource market, public placement agencies, online service platforms, radio, TV, village and community bulletin boards, enabling people to look for the jobs that suit them best.
For example, the Aksu Prefecture has released job and candidate information on its public placement service portal and its WeChat account, to build two-way selection platforms for employers and employees. Since 2014, it has organized 621 job fairs, attracting 4,953 companies, providing over 145,000 job opportunities, and helping 38,600 people to find work. A poor villager named Habibulla Mamut from Aykol Town of Aksu City applied for a position with an electrical appliance company in Hangzhou at a local job fair, was offered the post, and earned RMB55,000 that year, raising himself and his family out of poverty.
不断强化公共就业服务。面向供求双方，建立覆盖全疆、层级清晰、功能互补、上下联动的五级公共就业服务体系，不断拓展政策咨询、就业失业登记、职业指导和职业介绍、技能培训、创业培训等基本公共就业服务内容。截至2019年底，全疆县级以上人力资源市场144家，团场劳动保障经办机构149个，基层劳动保障站所8668个，当年累计提供各类就业服务2172.84万余人次。
Bolstering public employment services. The local government has built a well-defined, dynamic, five-tiered public employment service system for employers and employees, which is well-coordinated at all levels and covers every part of Xinjiang. It has also expanded its services in areas such as policy advice, employment and unemployment registration, career guidance and recommendation, and skills and business startup training. By the end of 2019, there were 144 human resource markets at the county level or above, 149 job placement agencies on the farms of the Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, and 8,668 primary-level labor offices across Xinjiang, providing employment services to more than 21.73 million people that year.
坚决防范打击强迫劳动行为。根据《中华人民共和国刑法》《中华人民共和国劳动法》《中华人民共和国劳动合同法》《中华人民共和国治安管理处罚法》有关规定，严厉禁止以暴力、威胁或者非法限制人身自由的手段强迫劳动，以及侮辱、体罚、殴打、非法搜查和拘禁劳动者等行为，对违法行为，依法予以行政处罚；构成犯罪的，依法追究刑事责任。新疆严格遵守国家有关法律法规，大力推进法治宣传教育，不断增强用人单位和劳动者的法治意识，深入开展常态化劳动执法检查，切实把劳动关系的建立、运行、监督、调处的全过程纳入法治化轨道，坚决防范和打击一切强迫劳动行为。
Preventing and punishing any incidents of forced labor. China’s Criminal Law, Labor Law, Labor Contract Law, and Public Security Administrative Punishment Law all stipulate that the following actions are strictly forbidden and will lead to administrative punishments: forcing a person to work by means of violence, threat, or illegal limitation of personal freedom; or affronting, physically punishing, beating, illegally searching or detaining an employee. Should it be established that a crime has taken place, the perpetrator will be subjected to a criminal investigation. Xinjiang strictly observes the relevant laws and regulations of the state, providing information on the law through education campaigns, strengthening the legal awareness of employers and employees, and conducting routine inspections to ensure that labor laws are enforced. The goal is to bring the establishment, management, supervision and arbitration of labor relations under legal scrutiny, and take resolute action to prevent or punish any incidents of forced labor.
