一、确保宪法在治国理政各个方面得到全面实施
I. We worked to ensure full implementation of the Constitution in all aspects of state governance. 文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/9308.html
文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/9308.html
宪法是国家的根本法，是党和人民意志的集中体现。依法治国首先要坚持依宪治国，依法执政首先要坚持依宪执政。文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/9308.html
文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/9308.html
As China’s fundamental law, the Constitution represents the most concrete embodiment of the will of the Party and the people. Upholding law-based governance and the lawful use of power begins with the Constitution.文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/9308.html
文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/9308.html
新中国成立70周年之际，在党中央的领导下，根据宪法规定，常委会作出关于授予国家勋章和国家荣誉称号的决定，习近平主席签署主席令，将国家最高荣誉授予为新中国建设和发展建立卓越功勋的36位杰出人士和为促进中外交流合作作出杰出贡献的6位国际友人。这是现行宪法实施以来首次集中颁授国家勋章。作出关于对部分服刑罪犯予以特赦的决定，习近平主席签署发布特赦令。经过严格的法定程序，特赦了九类服刑罪犯共23593人，这是宪法规定特赦制度的又一次重大实践。文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/9308.html
文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/9308.html
Under the leadership of the CPC and in accordance with constitutional stipulations, the Standing Committee made the decision to confer national medals and titles of honor on the occasion of the 70th anniversary of the founding of the People’s Republic of China, with President Xi Jinping signing a presidential order to this effect. The nation’s highest honor was awarded to 36 prominent figures who have made outstanding achievements in the development of the People’s Republic of China, as well as 6 foreigners who have contributed greatly to cooperation and exchange between China and other countries. This was the first time that a ceremony was held to award multiple national medals since the current Constitution came into force. The Standing Committee also made the decision to grant special pardons to certain criminals serving prison sentences, with President Xi Jinping signing and issuing the order. Through rigorous legal procedures, a total of 23,593 criminals in nine categories received pardons. This represents another major step in the exercise of constitutional stipulations regarding special pardons.文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/9308.html
文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/9308.html
贯彻党的十九届四中全会精神，常委会听取审议了国务院关于香港特别行政区维护国家安全情况的报告，根据宪法和香港基本法的有关规定，研究拟订并审议了《全国人民代表大会关于建立健全香港特别行政区维护国家安全的法律制度和执行机制的决定（草案）》，决定提请本次大会审议。这是新形势下坚持和完善“一国两制”制度体系、坚持依法治港、维护宪法和基本法确定的特别行政区宪制秩序的重大举措，符合包括香港同胞在内的全体中国人民的根本利益。相信经过代表们的共同努力，一定能够顺利完成这一重要立法任务，为维护国家主权、安全、发展利益，确保香港长期繁荣稳定，提供更加有力的法治保障。
In accordance with the guidelines laid out at the Fourth Plenary Session of the 19th CPC Central Committee, the Standing Committee heard and deliberated the report of the State Council on maintaining national security in the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region. Following relevant stipulations of the Constitution and the Basic Law of Hong Kong, we formulated and deliberated the Decision on Establishing and Improving the Legal System and Enforcement Mechanisms for the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region to Safeguard National Security (Draft), and made the decision to submit it to this session for review. This represents a major move for upholding and improving the system of institutions under the policy of One Country, Two Systems, for maintaining law-based governance of Hong Kong, and for protecting the special administrative region’s constitutional order as defined in the Constitution and the Basic Law that fits the fundamental interests of all Chinese people, including those from Hong Kong. I am confident that through the joint efforts of all deputies, we will be able to complete this important legislative task so as to provide stronger legal guarantees for upholding our nation’s sovereignty, security, and development interests and for ensuring Hong Kong’s long-term prosperity and stability.
依法开展合宪性审查、备案审查。制定关于推进合宪性审查工作的实施意见，妥善回应涉及宪法有关问题的关切，依法纠正违宪违法的规范性文件，保证宪法得到切实遵守和执行。完善法规、司法解释备案审查体制机制，建成统一的覆盖全国的备案审查信息平台，初步建成国家法律法规数据库。连续3年听取审议备案审查工作情况报告，并向社会公开。2019年报送备案的行政法规、地方性法规、司法解释1995件，报送备案的特别行政区本地法律33件，研究处理公民、组织提出的审查建议138件。经审查，督促制定机关纠正与宪法法律规定和精神相抵触、不符合、不适应的规范性文件506件，维护了国家法制的统一、尊严和权威。
We conducted inspections of constitutional compliance and recorded and reviewed normative documents in accordance with the law. We formulated guidelines on the implementation of constitutional compliance inspections, responded appropriately to concerns regarding Constitution-related issues, and used legal processes to correct normative documents that conflicted with the Constitution and other laws in order to ensure that the Constitution is fully observed and enforced. We improved systems and mechanisms for putting on record and reviewing regulations and judicial interpretations, set up a unified digital platform for the recording and review of normative documents that covers the whole country, and tentatively completed the national database of laws and regulations. For the third year in a row, we heard and deliberated the work report on the recording and review of normative documents and made it available to the public. A total of 1,995 administrative regulations, local statutes, and judicial interpretations and 33 local laws of the special administrative regions were submitted for the record in 2019, and we examined 138 suggestions on our review work from citizens and organizations. Through review, we compelled relevant bodies to correct 506 normative documents that conflicted with the Constitution or other laws, thus safeguarding the unity, sanctity, and authority of the country’s legal system.
开展宪法宣传教育活动。组织6次宪法宣誓仪式，18名被任命人员进行宣誓，委员长会议组成人员主持并监誓，增强了国家工作人员的宪法观念。以“弘扬宪法精神，推进国家治理体系和治理能力现代化”为主题，举行第六个国家宪法日座谈会，带动各级各地开展丰富多彩的宪法宣传活动。召开纪念澳门特别行政区基本法实施20周年座谈会，推动“一国两制”方针和宪法、基本法的宣传和贯彻落实。
We conducted activities to publicize the Constitution, raising people’s awareness of it. We organized six ceremonies for 18 officials to publicly pledge allegiance to the Constitution when they took office, with members of the Chairperson’s Council chairing the ceremonies and administering the oath, thus enhancing constitutional awareness among public servants. We hosted a symposium for the sixth National Constitution Day with the theme of fostering the spirit of the Constitution and promoting modernization of China’s governance system and capacity for governance, and encouraged all levels and localities to conduct various activities to promote the Constitution. We hosted a symposium to mark the 20th anniversary of the implementation of the Basic Law of the Macao Special Administrative Region in order to promote awareness and implementation of the policy of One Country, Two Systems, the Constitution, and the Basic Law.
二、不断完善中国特色社会主义法律体系
II. We continued to improve the Chinese socialist legal system.
紧扣全面依法治国，坚持立改废释并举，坚持质量与效率并重，加强重要领域立法，不断提高科学立法、民主立法、依法立法水平。
With a focus on comprehensively advancing the rule of law, we placed equal emphasis on making new laws, revising existing ones, abolishing those that are unnecessary, and interpreting laws that need clarification, stressed both quality and efficiency, strengthened legislative work in important fields, and made constant efforts to legislate in a more well-conceived, democratic, and law-based manner.
配合和促进全面深化改革，确保重大改革于法有据。外商投资法通过后，一揽子修改建筑法、消防法、电子签名法、城乡规划法、车船税法、商标法、反不正当竞争法、行政许可法，完成相关法律的衔接；修改台湾同胞投资保护法，确保改革成果同步惠及台湾同胞。审议城市维护建设税法、契税法、出口管制法草案，作出关于授权国务院在自由贸易试验区暂时调整适用有关法律规定的决定、授权澳门特别行政区对横琴口岸澳方口岸区及相关延伸区实施管辖的决定，回应时代和改革的法治需求。授权国务院在海南自由贸易试验区暂时调整适用土地管理法、种子法、海商法的有关规定，支持海南建设自由贸易试验区和中国特色自由贸易港。证券法修改历经四审，坚守推进改革、保护投资者权益、强化监管的立法方向，确认注册制等改革成果，为资本市场改革和健康发展提供法治保障。
In coordination with efforts to comprehensively deepen reform, we worked to guarantee that major reforms have a legal basis. After adopting the Foreign Investment Law, we completed its integration with relevant laws by revising a package of laws on construction, fire protection, digital signatures, urban and rural planning, vehicle and vessel taxes, trademarks, unfair competition, and administrative approval. We revised the Law of the People’s Republic of China on Protecting the Investments of Taiwan Compatriots in order to ensure that our Taiwan compatriots are able to share in the benefits of reform. We deliberated draft laws on the urban construction and maintenance tax, the deed tax, and export control, authorized the State Council to temporarily adjust the application of relevant laws and regulations in pilot free trade zones, and authorized jurisdiction of Macao’s port zone at Hengqin port and its extended areas to the Macao SAR, all in response to the legal needs raised by contemporary circumstances and the process of reform. We authorized the State Council to temporarily adjust the application of relevant provisions of the Land Administration Law, the Seed Law, and the Maritime Law to support Hainan in building the China (Hainan) Pilot Free Trade Zone and a free trade port with Chinese features. Sticking to the legislative principles of promoting reforms, protecting the rights and interests of investors, and strengthening oversight, we conducted four deliberations on the Securities Law, giving affirmation to outcomes of reform including the registration-based IPO system, and thus provided legal guarantees for reform and healthy development of the capital market.
贯彻新发展理念，以高质量立法推动高质量发展。制定资源税法，修改固体废物污染环境防治法、森林法，把生态优先、绿色发展、人与自然和谐共生的理念多维度、多层次融入立法。起草并审议长江保护法草案，贯彻“共抓大保护，不搞大开发”的理念，用法律武器、法治力量保护长江母亲河。审议著作权法修正案草案，加大打击侵权违法行为力度，加强知识产权保护。修改土地管理法、城市房地产管理法，坚持农民利益只做加法不做减法的底线立场和修法方向，为盘活土地资源、增加农民财产性收入、强化耕地保护、促进城乡融合发展提供制度保障。
In an effort to practice the new development philosophy, we promoted high-quality development with high-quality legislative work. We enacted the Resource Tax Law, and revised the Law on the Prevention and Control of Environmental Pollution Caused by Solid Waste and the Forest Law, thereby incorporating the concepts of putting the environment first, pursuing green development, and fostering harmony between humans and nature into legislative work through multiple approaches and on multiple levels. We drafted and deliberated the draft law on Yangtze River conservation, thereby using legal measures and the force of the law to protect this deeply important waterway in the spirit of promoting well-coordinated environmental conservation and avoiding excessive development. We deliberated the draft revision of the Copyright Law to better protect intellectual property rights and step up the fight against encroachment. Through revision of the Land Administration Law and the Law on Administration of Urban Real Estate, we stuck to the bottom line and legislative orientation of only increasing and never decreasing protections for the interests of farmers, and provided institutional guarantees for putting idle land resources to use, increasing farmers’ property income, bolstering the protection of farmland, and promoting integrated development of urban and rural areas.
把人民对美好生活的向往作为奋斗目标，加快民生领域立法。制定基本医疗卫生与健康促进法，为全方位全周期维护人民健康提供了法律保障。修改药品管理法，推动解决人民群众反映强烈的假药、劣药、药价高、药品短缺等问题。制定疫苗管理法，为疫苗研发、生产、流通、接种加上一把“安全锁”。总结新冠肺炎疫情防控工作的经验，按照强化公共卫生法治保障体系的要求，制定实施专项立法修法计划，成立工作专班，对30件立法修法项目作出统筹安排，争取用1至2年时间完成大部分立法任务。审议动物防疫法修订草案，强化动物疫源疫情的监测预警。起草并审议生物安全法草案，努力制定一部防范生物风险、促进生物技术发展、支撑国家生物安全体系的法律。
With fulfilling the people’s aspirations for a better life as our goal, we accelerated legislation pertaining to public wellbeing. We formulated the Law on Promoting Basic Medical and Health Care to provide legal guarantees for delivering comprehensive health care for our people at all stages of life. We revised the Pharmaceutical Administration Law to promote the solution of problems of great concern to the people, including the issue of counterfeit or substandard drugs, high drug prices, and drug shortages. We formulated the Vaccine Management Law to provide more secure guarantees for the processes of developing, producing, distributing, and administering vaccines. Drawing lessons from covid-19 prevention and control efforts, we formulated and implemented special plans for enacting or revising laws in an effort to strengthen the system of legal guarantees in the public health sector. We set up a task force to make overall plans for enacting or revising 30 laws, with the aim of completing most of these legislative tasks within a year or two. We deliberated draft revisions of the Law on Animal Epidemic Prevention to enhance monitoring and early warning of epidemics originating from animals. We drafted the law on biosafety and conducted deliberations on the draft, in a bid to formulate a law that guards against biological risks, promotes the development of biotechnology, and serves as a pillar of the country’s biosafety system.
围绕国家制度和国家治理体系建设，加强监察、司法、社会治理、国家安全等领域立法。深化国家监察体制改革，作出关于国家监察委员会制定监察法规的决定，审议公职人员政务处分法草案。制定社区矫正法，审议未成年人保护法、预防未成年人犯罪法修订草案，作出关于废止有关收容教育法律规定和制度的决定，更好适应新时代社会治理的要求。修改法官法、检察官法，作出关于授权开展民事诉讼程序繁简分流改革试点工作的决定，巩固和深化司法体制改革成果。制定密码法，审议档案法修订草案，完善相关领域治理的法律制度。
With a focus on developing our state system and national governance system, we enhanced legislation pertaining to supervision, justice, social governance, and national security. We deepened reform of the national supervision system, made a decision on the formulation of supervisory regulations by the National Commission of Supervision, and deliberated the draft law on administrative discipline for government employees. We formulated the Community Correction Law, deliberated draft revisions of the Law on the Protection of Minors and the Law on Preventing Juvenile Delinquency, and made the decision to abolish the system of “custody and education” for prostitution related offences and related legal regulations, so as to better meet the requirements for social governance in the new era. We revised the Judges Law and the Public Procurators Law, and authorized pilot reforms for streamlining civil litigation procedures, in an effort to consolidate and further our achievements in reform of the judicial system. We formulated the Cryptography Law and deliberated draft revisions of the Archives Law to improve legal systems for governance in relevant fields.
提交本次大会审议的民法典草案，是我国法治建设的一个标志性重大成果。本届常委会在上届工作的基础上加快推进民法典编纂工作，2018年8月整体审议各分编草案，之后分单元多次进行审议，并对完整的民法典草案进行审议，先后7次公开征求意见，征集到各方面意见90余万条。经过反复修改、精雕细琢，形成了目前总共7编1260条的民法典草案。相信经过全体代表的认真审议，一定能制定出一部具有中国特色、体现时代精神、反映人民意愿、保障民事权利、维护社会公平正义的民法典。
The draft Civil Code submitted to this session for deliberation represents an important milestone in our country’s advancement of the rule of law. Building upon the work of the Standing Committee of the last NPC, the current Standing Committee accelerated efforts to compile the Civil Code. In August 2018, we conducted an overall review of all draft books of the Civil Code, and then carried out multiple reviews of individual units as well as a review of the complete draft of the Civil Code. We also solicited opinions from the public on seven occasions, receiving more than 900,000 comments from various sectors. Through repeated and meticulous revisions, we have compiled this draft Civil Code which consists of 1,260 articles in 7 books. We are confident that, through the careful deliberation of all our deputies, we will be able to produce a civil code that boasts Chinese characteristics, encapsulates the spirit of the times, reflects the will of the people, and safeguards civil rights and social fairness and justice.
过去一年多的立法工作给予了我们重要启示，这就是：中国特色社会主义进入新时代，立法工作必须适应党和国家事业发展新要求，始终坚持以人民为中心，确保党的主张通过法定程序成为国家意志。要及时反映改革开放新经验新成果，坚持立法决策与改革决策相衔接、相统一，增强法律的及时性、系统性、针对性、有效性，不断完善中国特色社会主义法律体系。
Our legislative work since last year has provided us with the following important lessons: as socialism with Chinese characteristics has entered a new era, our legislative work must meet the new requirements for the development of the cause of the Party and the state, uphold a people-centered philosophy, and ensure that the propositions of the Party are translated into the will of the state through legally stipulated procedures. We must see that new experiences and achievements captured in reform and opening up are promptly reflected in legislation, that the decision-making processes for legislation and reform are interlinked and unified, and that our laws become more timely, systematic, targeted, and effective, in a continued effort to improve the Chinese socialist legal system.
