二、着力解决“两不愁三保障”突出问题
II. We must focus on resolving outstanding problems concerning the “two assurances and three guarantees.”文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/8673.html
文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/8673.html
到2020年稳定实现农村贫困人口不愁吃、不愁穿，义务教育、基本医疗、住房安全有保障，是贫困人口脱贫的基本要求和核心指标，直接关系攻坚战质量。总的看，“两不愁”基本解决了，“三保障”还存在不少薄弱环节。文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/8673.html
文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/8673.html
The basic requirements and core criteria for poverty alleviation are assuring the rural poor population that they have enough to eat and to wear and guaranteeing them access to compulsory education, basic medical services, and safe housing by 2020. These goals have a direct bearing on the quality of our fight against poverty. On the whole, the “two assurances” have essentially been settled, but there are still many areas of weakness in the “three guarantees.”文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/8673.html
文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/8673.html
在义务教育保障方面，全国有60多万义务教育阶段孩子辍学。乡镇寄宿制学校建设薄弱，一部分留守儿童上学困难。在基本医疗保障方面，一些贫困人口没有参加基本医疗保险，一些贫困人口常见病、慢性病得不到及时治疗，贫困县乡村医疗设施薄弱，有的贫困村没有卫生室或者没有合格村医。在住房安全保障方面，全国需要进行危房改造的4类重点对象大约160万户，其中建档立卡贫困户约80万户。一些地方农房没有进行危房鉴定，或者鉴定不准。在饮水安全方面，还有大约104万贫困人口饮水安全问题没有解决，全国农村有6000万人饮水安全需要巩固提升。如果到了2020年这些问题还没有得到较好解决，就会影响脱贫攻坚成色。文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/8673.html
文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/8673.html
With regard to guaranteeing access to compulsory education, there are more than 600,000 children that have discontinued their studies in the compulsory stage. Boarding schools in towns and townships are insufficiently developed, and it is difficult for some children left behind in rural areas to receive education. With regard to guaranteeing access to basic medical services, some poor people are not covered by basic medical insurance, and some do not receive prompt treatment for common illnesses and chronic conditions. Medical facilities in poor counties, townships, and villages are insufficient, and some poor villages have no clinics or qualified doctors. With regard to guaranteeing access to safe housing, throughout the country there are about 1.6 million households in four key groups (namely households eligible for subsistence allowances, individuals living in extreme poverty on basic assistance in rural areas, families of people with disabilities affected by poverty, and households registered as living in poverty) that require renovation of their dilapidated housing, of which 800,000 households are registered as living in poverty. Some rural areas have not carried out assessments of such housing or have failed to ensure the accuracy of these assessments. With regard to guaranteeing access to safe drinking water, the problem has yet to be resolved for about 1.04 million poor people, while water safety needs to be further consolidated and enhanced for 60 million rural residents. If not effectively resolved by 2020, these problems will greatly detract from our success in fighting against poverty.文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/8673.html
文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/8673.html
对以上问题，各地区各部门要高度重视，统一思想，抓好落实。解决“三保障”突出问题，要坚持中央统筹、省负总责、市县抓落实的体制机制。扶贫领导小组要加强统筹协调和督促指导，及时调度情况。教育部、住房城乡建设部、水利部、国家卫生健康委、国家医保局既是扶贫领导小组组成部门，也是“三保障”工作的主管部门，主要负责同志要亲自抓，分管同志具体抓。要根据部门职能，明确工作标准和支持政策，指导各地进行筛查解决。相关省区市要组织基层进行核查，摸清基本情况，统筹组织资源，制定实施方案，研究提出针对性措施。市县具体组织实施，逐项逐户对账销号，确保不留死角。
Authorities and departments at all levels must take the above problems seriously, get on the same page, and carry out relevant initiatives effectively. To resolve outstanding problems concerning the “three guarantees,” we must adhere to systems and mechanisms under which the central government formulates overarching plans, provincial governments assume overall responsibility, and city and county governments take charge of implementation. The central leading group on poverty alleviation should enhance overall coordination, oversight, and guidance, and make relevant arrangements in a timely manner. The Ministry of Education, the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development, the Ministry of Water Resources, the National Health Commission, and the National Healthcare Security Administration are not only part of the leading group on poverty alleviation, but also responsible for managing work related to the “three guarantees.” Principal leaders of these departments must personally take the initiative, while officials in charge of specific tasks must make concrete efforts. These departments must define clear standards for their work and establish supporting policies in line with their respective functions, and guide local authorities in analyzing and resolving problems. Relevant provincial-level governments should organize local units to conduct checks, feel out the situation on the ground, organize resources in a coordinated manner, formulate and implement plans, and work out targeted measures. City and county governments should take responsibility for the implementation of specific initiatives and verify exits from poverty on a case-by-case and household-by-household basis to ensure that no blind spots exist.
我多次强调，要坚持现行脱贫标准，既不拔高，也不降低。实现义务教育有保障主要是让贫困家庭义务教育阶段的孩子不失学辍学；实现基本医疗有保障主要是所有贫困人口都参加医疗保险制度，常见病、慢性病有地方看、看得起，得了大病、重病后基本生活过得去；住房安全有保障主要是让贫困人口不住危房；饮水安全有保障主要是让农村人口喝上放心水，统筹研究解决饮水安全问题。这是国家统一的基本标准，但各地情况不一样。比如，对住房安全有保障，南方住房要注重通风，北方住房要注重保暖；对饮水安全有保障，西北地区重点解决有水喝的问题，西南地区重点解决储水供水和水质达标问题。各地执行时要结合实际进行把握，不能一刀切。各地在解决“三保障”突出问题时做了不少探索，有些地方有意无意拔高了标准。对明显超出标准的，要予以纠正；对没有明显超标的，要保持政策稳定性、连续性，少“翻烧饼”。
I have emphasized on many occasions that we must adhere to current poverty alleviation standards and refrain from raising or lowering them. Guaranteeing access to compulsory education mainly entails ensuring that the school-age children of poor families complete their education. Guaranteeing access to basic medical services mainly entails ensuring that all poor people are covered by the medical insurance system, that there are facilities where they can access affordable treatment for common illnesses and chronic conditions, and that they can maintain a basic standard of living in the event that they become seriously ill. Guaranteeing access to safe housing mainly entails ensuring that poor people do not live in dilapidated housing. Guaranteeing access to safe drinking water mainly entails ensuring that rural citizens feel at ease about the water they drink and that we make coordinated efforts to analyze and resolve safety issues in this regard. These are the country’s unified, basic standards, but conditions vary from region to region. For example, with regard to ensuring housing safety, the southern region should focus on ventilation, while the northern region should focus on heating and insulation. With regard to ensuring the safety of drinking water, the northwestern region should focus on finding adequate sources of water, while the southwestern region should focus on the storage and delivery of water as well as on bringing water quality up to required standards. Therefore, different localities should act in line with actual conditions rather than trying to use “one-size-fits-all” solutions. Extensive inquiries have been made by various localities into how to resolve outstanding problems concerning the “three guarantees,” with some either wittingly or unwittingly raising standards. Such practices should be rectified if they markedly exceed standards. If standards are only exceeded by a small margin, however, then the stability and continuity of policies should be maintained in order to prevent too much chopping and changing.
解决“两不愁三保障”突出问题，摸清底数是基础，有的地方底数依然不是很清楚，这是不行的。有关部门要指导各地摸清底数，确保工作有的放矢。有关部门要加强数据比对衔接，不能一个部门一个数。行业主管部门要牵头制定工作方案，各省区市要制定实施方案，明确时间表、路线图，拿出过硬举措和办法，确保如期完成任务。解决“三保障”突出问题的政策、资金是够的，关键是抓好落实。要加大工作力度，聚焦突出问题，逐村逐户逐项查漏补缺、补齐短板。要宣传好政策和标准，统一思想认识，引导社会各方面准确理解，不能各说各的。
To resolve outstanding problems concerning the “two assurances and three guarantees,” it is essential to acquire a clear sense of basic conditions. Some localities have still failed to do so, and this is unacceptable. Relevant departments must guide all localities in getting a clear sense of basic conditions to ensure that they are working toward definite goals. Relevant departments should also enhance verification and connection of data in order to avoid inconsistencies between different departments. Supervisory departments for relevant industries should take the lead in formulating work plans, while provincial-level governments should formulate implementation plans, set timetables and roadmaps, and come up with effective measures and methods to ensure that tasks are completed on schedule. Our policies and funds for resolving outstanding problems concerning the “three guarantees” are sufficient; the key is ensuring that they are applied effectively. We need to intensify our efforts, focus on outstanding problems, and rectify deficiencies on a per-village, per-household, and per-case basis. We also need to publicize our policies and standards to ensure that we are all on the same page, and guide all sectors of society in accurately understanding these policies so as to prevent the emergence of varying interpretations.
