社会民生持续改善。实施更加积极的就业政策。落实就业创业补贴政策，加强公共就业服务能力建设，中央财政就业补助资金支出468.78亿元，增长6.8%，全年城镇新增就业1361万人。推动教育改革发展。中央财政教育转移支付的84.4%投向中西部地区，并向贫困地区倾斜。全国约1.45亿义务教育学生免除学杂费并获得免费教科书，1392万家庭经济困难寄宿生获得生活费补助，1400万进城务工农民工随迁子女实现相关教育经费可携带，3700万学生享受营养膳食补助。支持学前教育、普通高中、职业教育、高等教育发展。加强基本民生保障。机关事业单位和企业退休人员基本养老金标准提高约5%。城乡居民基本养老保险基础养老金最低标准提高至88元，并建立了基本养老保险待遇确定和基础养老金正常调整机制。划转部分国有资本充实社保基金，5户中央企业和浙江、云南两省的划转试点工作基本完成，19户中央企业的划转工作正在推进中，推动建立国有资本划转和企业职工基本养老保险基金缺口逐步弥补相结合的运行机制。城乡居民医保财政补助标准提高到每人每年490元，增加的40元中一半用于加强大病保险保障能力。基本公共卫生服务经费人均财政补助标准达到55元。支持做好最低生活保障、特困人员救助供养等困难群众救助工作。提高优抚对象等人员抚恤和生活补助标准，惠及全国860余万优抚对象。继续支持各类棚户区改造、公租房配套基础设施建设等，全年棚户区改造开工626万套、农村危房改造190万户。深入实施文化惠民工程，支持5万余所公共文化设施免费开放。
文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/6795.html
People’s lives continued to improve. 文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/6795.html
文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/6795.html
Implementing a more proactive employment policy 文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/6795.html
文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/6795.html
We implemented policies on subsidies for employment and business start-ups, and strengthened capacity building for providing better public employment services. The central budget’s employment subsidies totaled 46.878 billion yuan, a rise of 6.8%; a total of 13.61 million new urban jobs were created over the year.文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/6795.html
文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/6795.html
Promoting reform and development in education 文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/6795.html
文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/6795.html
A total of 84.4% of the central budget’s transfer payments for education went to the central and western regions, and were weighted especially toward poor areas. This has resulted in exemption of all tuition and miscellaneous fees and free textbooks for around 145 million students in compulsory education around the country, living allowances for 13.92 million boarding students from financially disadvantaged families, 14 million children living with migrant worker parents in cities being able to have their fiscal outlays for education transferred along with them, and 37 million students receiving subsidies for nutritious meals. Funding support was also provided for the development of preschool education, regular senior high schools, vocational education, and higher education.文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/6795.html
Ensuring the basic wellbeing of the people
Basic pension payments for retirees of enterprises, Party and government offices, and public institutions were raised by around 5%. The minimum basic pension benefits for rural and non-working urban residents under the basic aged-care insurance scheme were raised to 88 yuan per person per month, and mechanisms were established to set standards on and regularly adjust basic aged-care insurance benefits. Work was carried out to transfer a portion of state capital to top up social security funds; this work was basically completed on a trial basis in five central government enterprises and in Zhejiang and Yunnan provinces, and is ongoing in 19 central government enterprises. This has promoted the establishment of an operating mechanism for combining transferring a portion of state capital with efforts to gradually make up for shortfalls in enterprise employees’ basic aged-care pension funds. The government subsidy for basic medical insurance for rural and non-working urban residents was raised to 490 yuan per person per annum, with half of the 40-yuan increase being allocated to the serious disease insurance scheme. Annual per person government subsidies for basic public health services were raised to 55 yuan.
We supported the provision of subsistence allowances and of assistance and aid to people living in extreme poverty or facing financial difficulties. Subsidies and living allowances were increased for entitled groups, benefiting over 8.6 million people around the country. We continued to provide support for the rebuilding of housing in run-down urban areas and for the development of supporting infrastructure for public rental housing, funding the rebuilding of 6.26 million housing units in run-down urban areas and 1.9 million dilapidated rural houses. We deepened our efforts to bring cultural benefits to the people, subsidizing over 50,000 public cultural facilities to keep them free and open to the public.
财税改革向纵深推进。加快财政体制改革。出台基本公共服务领域中央与地方共同财政事权和支出责任划分改革方案，以及医疗卫生领域财政事权和支出责任划分改革方案。教育、科技、交通运输等领域财政事权和支出责任划分改革正在积极推进。深化预算管理制度改革。深入贯彻落实《中共中央 国务院关于全面实施预算绩效管理的意见》，在中央财政层面初步建立了项目支出为主的全过程预算绩效管理体系，中央本级项目和对地方专项转移支付绩效目标、运行监控和绩效自评实现全覆盖，建立重点绩效评价常态化机制，2018年组织第三方机构对38个重点民生政策和重大项目开展重点绩效评价，涉及资金5513亿元，评价结果已经用于改进管理、预算安排和完善政策。中央预算决算公开内容更加细化，省市县级政府和部门预算决算公开深入推进。政府财务报告编制试点范围进一步扩大。完善税收制度。结合减税降费，初步建立综合与分类相结合的个人所得税制，改革完善增值税制度。加快税收立法进程，环境保护税法、船舶吨税法、烟叶税法顺利实施，耕地占用税法、车辆购置税法经全国人大常委会审议通过，资源税法按程序提请全国人大常委会初次审议。深化国资国企改革。首次向全国人大常委会作了全口径国有资产管理情况综合报告和金融企业国有资产专项报告。推动出台国有资本投资、运营公司改革试点的实施意见，推进中央党政机关和事业单位经营性国有资产集中统一监管试点的实施意见，以及完善国有金融资本管理的指导意见，扎实有序落实相关重点工作。剥离国有企业办社会职能和解决历史遗留问题取得重要进展。
We intensified fiscal and tax reforms.
Accelerating reform of the fiscal system
We released reform plans on defining the respective fiscal powers and expenditure responsibilities of central and local governments for basic public services and for the medical and healthcare sector. Looking forward, we are actively advancing these reforms in fields like education, science and technology, and transportation.
Deepening reform of the budget management system
We implemented the CPC Central Committee and the State Council’s Guidelines on Implementing Comprehensive Performance-Based Budget Management, and established an initial management system of this kind for project outlays of the central budget, covering the whole budget process from performance targets to execution oversight and performance self-evaluation for all central government projects and special transfer payments to local governments. We also put in place a mechanism to ensure the regular performance evaluation of key budgets, and during 2018 organized performance evaluations by third-party organizations on 38 key policies regarding public wellbeing and major projects, involving a total of 551.3 billion yuan; the evaluation results have been used to improve management, budget arrangement, and relevant polices. Central government budgets and final accounts were released in more detail, and further progress has been made in advancing the disclosure of budgets and final accounts of local governments and their departments at the provincial, city, and county levels. The trial preparation of government financial statements was expanded.
Improving the tax system
Amid tax and fee cuts, we took initial steps to establish an individual income tax system based on both adjusted gross income and specific types of income, and reformed and improved the VAT system. We pressed for tax legislation, for the smooth implementation of the Environmental Protection Tax Law, Vessel Tonnage Tax Law, and Tobacco Leaf Tax Law, for the deliberation and adoption by the NPC Standing Committee of the Tax Law on Farmland Used for Non-agricultural Purposes and the Vehicle Purchase Tax Law, and for the submission as per procedure of the Resource Tax Law to the NPC Standing Committee for its first reading.
Deepening the reform of state capital and SOEs
For the first time, we presented to the NPC Standing Committee a comprehensive report on the management of all state-owned assets and a specific report on state-owned assets in financial enterprises. We drove forward the issuance of guidelines on piloting reforms in state capital investment and management companies, on piloting unified oversight and supervision over state-owned productive assets of central Party and government offices and public institutions, and on improving the management of state-owned financial capital, and we made steady and solid progress in ensuring their implementation. We made major progress in relieving SOEs of their obligations to operate social programs and in resolving their other longstanding issues.
财政管理水平继续提高。强化管理基础工作。多措并举加快预算执行进度，完善对地方转移支付资金调度，支持地方做好保工资、保运转、保基本民生，以及农民工工资支付、清理拖欠民营企业账款等工作。加快推进预算执行动态监控工作，36个省本级、绝大多数市县都已建立预算执行动态监控机制。构建网上报销公务平台，实现公务人员出差报销全流程电子化管理。加强地方暂付款管理。清理整顿地方财政专户工作基本完成。政府会计准则制度体系基本建成，行政事业单位内部控制规范体系进一步健全。严肃财经纪律。围绕落实重大财税政策加大财政监督检查力度，对地方政府债务管理、财政支持脱贫攻坚、污染防治资金使用、经济开发区税收优惠政策执行等情况进行核查检查。加强会计、政府采购代理机构监管，严肃处理违法违规行为。认真整改审计发现问题。高度重视审计指出的具有指定用途的转移支付占比较高、预算绩效评价覆盖面小等问题，落实整改责任，细化整改措施，扎实推进整改，同时认真研究采纳审计建议，注重举一反三，从体制机制上巩固整改成果。
We continued to improve fiscal management.
Strengthening basic work on fiscal management
Through a combination of measures, we accelerated the pace of budget execution, and improved the preparation and allocation of funds for transfer payments to local governments. In addition to this, we supported local governments in their efforts to ensure payment of salaries, normal operations, and the basic wellbeing of the people, to ensure that rural migrant workers get paid, and to clear up overdue payments to private enterprises. Work on conducting dynamic monitoring of budget execution was accelerated, and mechanisms for the dynamic monitoring of budget execution were established in 36 provincial-level budget institutions and in most city- and county-level governments. We built an online platform to enable online reimbursement of official travel expenses. We strengthened control over suspense payments of local governments, and basically completed the work of reviewing and overhauling local governments’ special accounts. A basic system of governmental accounting principles and institutions was established, and internal control standards and systems for administrative agencies and public institutions were improved.
Tightening up financial discipline
We stepped up oversight and compliance checks around the implementation of major fiscal and tax policies, and inspected local governments’ debt management, their financial support for poverty alleviation, their use of funds for pollution prevention and control, and their implementation of preferential tax policies for economic development zones. We strengthened oversight of governmental accounting and government procurement agencies and strictly dealt with violations of laws and regulations.
Conscientiously rectifying problems uncovered in auditing
We put strong emphasis on rectifying problems discovered through the auditing process such as the proportion of transfer payments for specific purposes being too high and the coverage of performance-based budget evaluation being too narrow, determined responsibility for correction, produced detailed rectification measures, and made steady progress in resolving the issues. At the same time, we earnestly studied and adopted suggestions from auditing bodies and, with a focus on applying lessons learned from experience, established institutions and mechanisms for solid corrective results.
总的看，2018年预算执行情况较好，财政改革发展工作取得新进展，有力促进了经济社会持续健康发展。这是以习近平同志为核心的党中央坚强领导的结果，是习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想科学指引的结果，是全国人大、全国政协及代表委员们监督指导的结果，是各地区、各部门以及全国各族人民共同努力的结果。
Overall, budget execution in 2018 was satisfactory and we achieved new outcomes in the reform and development of public finance, which gave strong impetus to sustained and healthy economic and social development. We owe these achievements to the firm leadership of the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core; to the sound guidance of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era; to the oversight of the NPC and the CPPCC National Committee together with their deputies and members; and to the concerted efforts of all regions, all departments, and the people of all our nation’s ethnic groups.
同时，预算执行和财政工作中还面临一些问题和挑战。主要是：财政收入增长基础不稳，支出刚性不减，一些市县保工资、保运转、保基本民生支出压力大。预算编制的准确性和预算的约束力需要进一步增强；预算分配管理存在薄弱环节，内部控制需要进一步加强；有的地方和部门预算执行基础工作不扎实，支出进度较慢，造成财政资金闲置浪费。专项转移支付退出机制不完善，定期评估覆盖面较窄。政府性基金预算中有的项目执行慢、结转资金较多；国有资本经营预算范围还不完整；企业职工基本养老保险全国统筹仍未实现，医疗保险可持续筹资和待遇调整机制尚需完善, 社会保险基金财务可持续性面临挑战。有的地区脱离实际，存在超出自身财力过高承诺等问题，影响财政可持续性。有的地方仍违规担保或变相举债，防范化解债务风险任务艰巨。有的政策执行和落实不到位，企业和群众获得感不强。我们高度重视这些问题，将下大气力采取措施加以解决。
At the same time, we have yet to overcome the following main problems and challenges in budget execution and public finance work:
The foundation for revenue growth is fragile, while expenditures remain inflexible; some city- and county-level governments face serious budgetary constraints in ensuring payment of salaries, normal operations, and the basic wellbeing of people in their jurisdictions.
Accuracy in budget compilation still requires improvement and budgets are less binding than they should be; there are a number of weak links in budget allocation and management, and internal controls need to be further strengthened; and some local governments and departments fail to provide a solid foundation for budget execution, and their slow implementation leads to funds sitting idle.
Mechanisms for exit of special transfer payments need to be improved, and the coverage of periodic assessments is too narrow.
The execution of some projects under government-managed fund budgets is too slow, leading to a large carry-over; budget compilation has yet to cover all state capital operations; and enterprise employees’ basic aged-care pensions have not been placed under nationally coordinated management, mechanisms for ensuring sustainable funding and benefit adjustments for medical insurance schemes need improvement, and there are challenges in ensuring sustained financing for social security funds.
Some local governments make promises beyond their financial capacity and in disregard of the actual situation, which harms their fiscal sustainability.
Some local governments are still guarantying debt or making borrowings in breach of regulations, making it hard to keep debt risk under control.
Poor implementation of some policies is masking any sense of benefit that enterprises and the public would otherwise be feeling.
We attach the utmost importance to these problems and will adopt strong measures for their resolution.
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