全国人民代表大会常务委员会工作报告文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/16387.html
REPORT ON THE WORK OF THE STANDING COMMITTEE OF THE NATIONAL PEOPLE’S CONGRESS文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/16387.html
文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/16387.html
——2026年3月9日在第十四届全国人民代表大会第四次会议上文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/16387.html
Delivered at the Fourth Session of the 14th National People’s Congress文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/16387.html
March 9, 2026文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/16387.html
文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/16387.html
全国人民代表大会常务委员会委员长 赵乐际文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/16387.html
Zhao Leji文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/16387.html
Chairman of the Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/16387.html
各位代表：
Fellow Deputies,
我受全国人大常委会委托，向大会报告工作，请予审议。
On behalf of the Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress (NPC), I now present this report on our work for your deliberation.
过去一年的工作
The Year in Review
2025年是很不平凡的一年。面对国内外形势深刻复杂的变化，以习近平同志为核心的党中央团结带领全党全国各族人民迎难而上、奋力拼搏，推动党和国家事业取得新的重大成就，“十四五”圆满收官，我国经济实力、科技实力、国防实力、综合国力跃上新台阶，第二个百年奋斗目标新征程实现良好开局。新时代新征程的伟大实践，充分证明“两个确立”的决定性意义，彰显中国共产党领导和中国特色社会主义制度的显著优势，展现出中国式现代化的光明前景。
The year 2025 was truly remarkable. Facing profound and complex developments at home and abroad, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core united and led the entire Party and the people of all ethnic groups across the country in meeting challenges head-on with determination and hard work.
As a result, the cause of the Party and the country has scored major new accomplishments. With the successful conclusion of the 14th Five-Year Plan, China’s economic strength, scientific and technological capabilities, national defense capabilities, and composite national strength have reached new heights, enabling us to achieve a strong start on our new journey toward the Second Centenary Goal.
Our great endeavors on the new journey in this new era have fully proven the decisive significance of establishing Comrade Xi Jinping’s core position on the Party Central Committee and in the Party as a whole and establishing the guiding role of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era. These endeavors have demonstrated the marked strengths of the leadership of the Communist Party of China and the system of socialism with Chinese characteristics and exhibited the promising prospects of Chinese modernization.
一年来，在以习近平同志为核心的党中央坚强领导下，全国人大常委会坚持以习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想为指导，全面贯彻落实党的二十大和二十届历次全会精神，学习贯彻习近平法治思想、习近平总书记关于坚持和完善人民代表大会制度的重要思想，坚持党的领导、人民当家作主、依法治国有机统一，践行全过程人民民主，发挥国家根本政治制度优势，聚焦建设更加完善的中国特色社会主义法治体系、建设更高水平的社会主义法治国家，紧紧围绕中国式现代化建设依法履职、担当尽责，各方面工作取得新的进展和成效。
Over the past year, under the strong leadership of the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core, we, the NPC Standing Committee, have upheld Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era as our guide and fully implemented the guiding principles from the Party’s 20th National Congress and the plenary sessions of the 20th Party Central Committee. We have studied and applied Xi Jinping Thought on the Rule of Law and General Secretary Xi Jinping’s key theory on upholding and improving the people’s congress system; stayed true to the unity of leadership by the Party, the running of the country by the people, and law-based governance; and practiced whole-process people’s democracy.
This past year, we have leveraged the strengths of China’s fundamental political system, with the focus on refining the system of socialist rule of law with Chinese characteristics and building a socialist country under the rule of law to a higher standard. To advance Chinese modernization, we have fulfilled our duties and responsibilities in accordance with the law and achieved fresh progress and results in all areas of our work.
一、加强宪法实施和监督，维护国家法治统一
1. We strengthened the implementation of the Constitution and enhanced compliance oversight, ensuring the unity of the rule of law.
坚持宪法的国家根本法地位，认真履行推动宪法实施、加强宪法监督的法定职责，在各项工作中全面贯彻宪法规定、宪法原则、宪法精神，维护宪法权威和尊严。
Upholding the Constitution as the nation’s legal foundation, we diligently fulfilled our statutory duty to advance implementation of the Constitution and strengthen oversight of constitutional compliance. We fully implemented the provisions, principles, and spirit of the Constitution in all aspects of our work and upheld its authority and sanctity.
完善宪法相关法律制度。制定民族团结进步促进法是党中央部署的重大政治任务和立法任务。常委会两次审议民族团结进步促进法草案并提请本次大会审议，为铸牢中华民族共同体意识，推进中华民族共同体建设，进一步促进各民族广泛交往交流交融、共同团结奋斗、共同繁荣发展夯实法治根基。统筹修改村民委员会组织法、城市居民委员会组织法，完善村委会和居委会组成、职责及选举、议事、管理、监督等制度，健全基层党组织领导的基层群众自治机制。修改国家通用语言文字法，强化国家通用语言文字的法律地位，为推广普及和规范使用国家通用语言文字提供有力法治保障。
- Refining the legal framework relating to the Constitution
Among the major political and legislative tasks planned by the Party Central Committee is the enactment of a law promoting ethnic unity and progress. We held two rounds of deliberation on its draft and have submitted it to this session for deliberation. Once adopted, this law will lay a solid legal foundation for forging a stronger sense of community for the Chinese nation, advancing the building of this community, and further promoting extensive interaction, exchange, and integration among all ethnic groups as we strive together for common prosperity and development.
We made coordinated efforts to revise the Organic Law of Villagers’ Committees and the Organic Law of Urban Residents’ Committees. By improving the composition and functions of these committees and refining their election, deliberation, management, supervision, and other systems, we strengthened the mechanisms for community-level people’s self-governance under the leadership of primary-level Party organizations. We also revised the Law on the Standard Spoken and Written Chinese Language to strengthen the legal status of standard Chinese and provide a strong legal guarantee for its widespread and proper use across the nation.
宪法规定，完成统一祖国的大业是包括台湾同胞在内的全中国人民的神圣职责。在纪念中国人民抗日战争暨世界反法西斯战争胜利80周年、台湾光复80周年之际，常委会根据宪法作出决定，将10月25日设立为台湾光复纪念日，展现坚持一个中国原则和捍卫国家主权、统一、领土完整的坚定意志，强化两岸同胞共同民族历史记忆，激励全体中华儿女为祖国统一、民族复兴而团结奋斗。坚持运用法律手段打击“台独”分裂势力、反对外部势力干涉，举行《反分裂国家法》实施20周年座谈会。
As stipulated by the Constitution, to complete the great cause of reunifying the motherland is the sacred duty of all the Chinese people, including our fellow Chinese in Taiwan. On the occasion of the 80th anniversary of the victory in the Chinese People’s War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression and the World Anti-Fascist War as well as the 80th anniversary of China’s recovery of Taiwan, we decided to designate October 25 as Taiwan Recovery Day in accordance with the Constitution. Our goal in doing so is to demonstrate the Chinese people’s firm resolve to uphold the one-China principle and defend national sovereignty, unity, and territorial integrity; strengthen the shared national historical memories of compatriots on both sides of the strait; and inspire all Chinese people to work together for national reunification and rejuvenation. We continued to employ legal means to both combat separatist forces seeking “Taiwan independence” and oppose external interference. We also held a symposium to mark the 20th anniversary of the Anti-Secession Law.
提高合宪性审查、备案审查工作质量。坚持立法全过程、常态化合宪性审查，加强对规范性文件合宪性、涉宪性问题研究。依法履行备案审查职责，做到有件必备、有备必审、有错必纠。对报送备案的2218件行政法规、监察法规、地方性法规、自治条例和单行条例、司法解释、特别行政区本地法律进行审查，对公民、组织提出的6705件审查建议逐一研究并依法反馈，对影响民营经济发展、不平等对待企业等规范性文件组织开展集中清理。发挥审查纠错功能，对存在合宪性、合法性、适当性问题的规范性文件，督促和推动制定机关及时予以修改、废止或处理。推动完善备案审查衔接联动机制，提升备案审查制度效能。举办备案审查工作培训班，加强案例指导交流。
- Enhancing the quality of both constitutional review and the recording and review of normative documents
We conducted regular sessions of constitutional review throughout the entire legislative process and enhanced research on constitutional compliance and related constitutional matters in normative documents. In fulfilling the duty of recording and review in accordance with the law, we ensured all documents subject to recording were duly filed, all recorded documents were reviewed, and all errors identified were corrected.
All of the 2,218 normative documents submitted for recording were properly reviewed, including administrative regulations, supervisory regulations, local regulations, autonomous regulations, separate regulations, judicial interpretations, and local laws of special administrative regions. Each of the 6,705 suggestions submitted for review by citizens and organizations was examined, and feedback was provided as stipulated by law. We conducted a comprehensive overhaul of normative documents that hindered private sector development or led to the unequal treatment of enterprises.
In performing our function of rectifying errors through review, we urged relevant enacting bodies to promptly revise, abolish, or take other measures to deal with normative documents found to have issues of constitutionality, legality, or reasonableness. We promoted better alignment and coordination among recording and reviewing bodies to boost the efficacy of the recording and review system. We organized training sessions on this work to strengthen case guidance and facilitate exchange.
弘扬宪法精神、社会主义法治精神。学习贯彻习近平法治思想，总结全民普法40年实践经验，制定法治宣传教育法，推动宪法宣传教育常态化长效化，提升全民法治素养和社会治理法治化水平。以“加强宪法实施，推进社会主义民主法治建设”为主题举行第十二个国家宪法日座谈会，推动国家根本法深入人心。组织5次宪法宣誓仪式，激励和教育国家工作人员忠于宪法、遵守宪法、维护宪法。
- Promoting the spirit of the Constitution and socialist rule of law
Studying and implementing Xi Jinping Thought on the Rule of Law and reviewing our experience in increasing public legal literacy over the past four decades, we enacted the Law on the Publicity and Education on the Rule of Law. This will facilitate regular, long-term promotion and education of the Constitution, enhance the people’s legal awareness, and elevate law-based social governance to a higher level.
In commemoration of the 12th National Constitution Day, we held a conference themed “Strengthening the Implementation of the Constitution and Advancing Socialist Democracy and Rule of Law,” helping the people embrace the foundational law of our country. We also organized five ceremonies for officials to pledge allegiance to the Constitution as they took office as part of our efforts to encourage state employees to be loyal to the Constitution, to abide by the Constitution, and to uphold the Constitution.
行使宪法法律赋予人大的任免权。依法任免专门委员会副主任委员、常委会副秘书长、常委会工作委员会副主任18人次；接受1人辞去常委会委员职务；因全国人大代表资格终止，9人的常委会委员、专门委员会副主任委员职务相应撤销或终止。依法决定任免中华人民共和国中央军事委员会副主席、委员3人次，批准任命中国人民解放军选举委员会副主任1人。依法决定任免国务院有关部门主要负责人、驻外大使97人次。依法任免最高人民法院副院长、审判委员会委员、庭长、副庭长、审判员138人次，最高人民检察院副检察长、检察委员会委员、检察员23人次，中国人民解放军军事法院院长、军事检察院检察长3人次。依法批准任免省级人民检察院检察长10人次。
- Exercising the power of appointment and removal as mandated by the Constitution and the law
In accordance with the law, we conducted 18 personnel changes, including the appointment or removal of vice chairpersons of NPC special committees, deputy secretaries-general of the NPC Standing Committee, and vice chairpersons of working commissions and committees; accepted the resignation of a member of the NPC Standing Committee; and revoked or terminated 9 individuals’ appointments as members of the NPC Standing Committee or vice chairpersons of NPC special committees due to the termination of their qualifications as deputies to the NPC.
We lawfully fulfilled our duty in making decisions on three personnel changes to the Central Military Commission of the People’s Republic of China, which involved the appointment and removal of individuals for the positions of vice chairperson and member of the Commission. We also approved the appointment of a vice chairperson to the Election Committee of the Chinese People’s Liberation Army.
Furthermore, we made decisions regarding 97 personnel actions within the State Council in accordance with the law, affecting the positions of department head and ambassador. We lawfully made 138 personnel changes to the Supreme People’s Court, involving the posts of vice president, Adjudicatory Committee member, divisional chief judge, associate divisional chief judge, and judge; 23 personnel changes to the Supreme People’s Procuratorate, involving the roles of deputy procurator-general, Procuratorial Committee member, and procurator; and 3 personnel changes involving the positions of president of the Military Court and chief procurator of the Military Procuratorate of the Chinese People’s Liberation Army. We also approved, pursuant to the law, 10 personnel changes for the position of chief procurator across provincial-level people’s procuratorates.
二、加强立法工作，以高质量立法服务和保障改革发展
2. We enhanced legislative work, serving and supporting reform and development through high-quality legislation.
坚持党中央对立法工作的集中统一领导，发挥人大在立法工作中的主导作用，统筹立改废释纂，加强重点领域、新兴领域、涉外领域立法，以良法推动改革、促进发展、保障善治。一年来，共审议法律、法律解释、决定草案40件，通过其中24件，包括制定法律6件，修改法律14件，作出法律解释1件、有关法律问题和重大问题的决定3件。决定批准条约、重要协定9项。
Upholding the Party Central Committee’s centralized, unified leadership over legislative work, we fully leveraged the leading role of the NPC in legislation. We coordinated the enactment, revision, repeal, interpretation, and codification of laws and strengthened legislation in key, emerging, and foreign-related areas, using good laws to promote reform, drive development, and ensure good governance.
Over the past year, we deliberated 40 draft laws, legal interpretations, and decisions and adopted 24 of them, including 6 new laws, 14 revised laws, 1 legal interpretation, and 3 decisions on legal matters and other significant issues. We also made decisions on the ratification of 9 treaties and important agreements.
加强经济领域立法。制定民营经济促进法，贯彻落实党中央关于促进民营经济发展的重大方针和政策举措，明确平等对待、公平竞争、同等保护、共同发展的原则，从市场准入、要素保障、规范经营、权益保护等方面作出规范，为民营经济持续、健康、高质量发展提供法治保障。修改反不正当竞争法、民用航空法，审议国有资产法草案、企业破产法修订草案、银行业监督管理法修订草案、商标法修订草案、注册会计师法修正草案，推动建设法治经济、信用经济，纵深推进全国统一大市场建设，加快构建高水平社会主义市场经济体制。修改渔业法，审议耕地保护和质量提升法草案，统筹渔业资源保护与合理利用，完善耕地数量、质量、生态“三位一体”保护制度。修改海商法、仲裁法、对外贸易法，体现中国特色，对接国际规则，更好服务高水平对外开放。作出关于授权国务院在中国（新疆）自由贸易试验区暂时调整适用种子法有关规定的决定。
- Strengthening economic legislation
We enacted the Private Sector Promotion Law to carry out the Party Central Committee’s major principles, policies, and initiatives aimed at further developing the private sector. This law explicitly establishes the principles of impartial treatment, fair competition, equal protection, and common development and lays out rules for market access, availability of production factors, business regulation, and protection of rights and interests, thereby providing the legal safeguards essential for the sustained, healthy, and high-quality development of the private sector.
We revised the Unfair Competition Law and the Civil Aviation Law and deliberated a draft law on state-owned assets as well as draft revisions to the Enterprise Bankruptcy Law, the Banking Regulation Law, the Trademark Law, and the Certified Public Accountants Law. These efforts have been instrumental in the development of a credit-based economy under the rule of law and a unified national market, thus expediting the establishment of a high-standard socialist market economy.
We revised the Fisheries Law and deliberated a draft law on the protection and quality improvement of cultivated land, aiming to balance resource conservation with proper resource utilization in the fishing industry and refine the integrated system for preserving the quantity, quality, and ecosystems of cultivated land. We revised the Maritime Law, the Arbitration Law, and the Foreign Trade Law to better reflect China’s distinctive features and further align with established international rules, thereby better serving high-standard opening up. We made the decision to authorize the State Council to temporarily adjust the application of relevant provisions of the Seed Law in the China (Xinjiang) Pilot Free Trade Zone.
科学制定和接续实施五年规划，是中国特色社会主义制度一个重要政治优势。常委会三次审议国家发展规划法草案并提请本次大会审议，把党领导制定和实施国家发展规划的成熟做法以法律形式固定下来，为提高国家发展规划工作法治化水平，更好发挥国家发展规划战略导向作用提供制度支撑。
The formulation and implementation of well-crafted five-year plans represents an important political strength of socialism with Chinese characteristics. We conducted three rounds of deliberation on a draft national development planning law and have submitted it to this session for review. Its purpose is to enshrine into law proven practices used in formulating and implementing national development plans under the Party’s leadership, providing an institutional foundation for improved law-based national development planning and enhanced strategic guidance of such planning.
完善社会民生领域立法。制定突发公共卫生事件应对法，修改传染病防治法，总结疫情防控经验，完善防治和应对体制机制，更好保障人民群众生命安全和身体健康。修改食品安全法，聚焦突出问题，补齐监管短板，牢牢守住食品安全底线。审议检察公益诉讼法草案，保护国家利益和社会公共利益。审议国家消防救援人员法草案，促进和保障国家消防救援人员依法履职。审议医疗保障法草案、托育服务法草案、社会救助法草案，依法推进普惠性、基础性、兜底性民生建设。
- Advancing laws for social governance and public wellbeing
Drawing on our country’s experience in epidemic prevention and control, we enacted the Law on Public Health Emergency Response and revised the Law on the Prevention and Control of Infectious Diseases. In doing so, we further improved the institutions and mechanisms for epidemic prevention, control, and response to better safeguard the people’s health and safety.
With a focus on addressing prominent issues, we revised the Food Safety Law to rectify shortcomings in the system of oversight and establish a more robust safeguard for food safety. We deliberated a draft law on procuratorial public-interest litigation in an endeavor to protect national and public interests. We deliberated a draft law on national fire and rescue personnel, motivating and supporting them to better perform their duties in accordance with the law. To advance law-based development of public services that are inclusive, meet essential needs, or provide a safety net for the most vulnerable, we deliberated draft laws regarding medical security, childcare services, and social assistance.
健全生态环境领域立法。编纂生态环境法典，坚持以习近平生态文明思想为引领，以法典形式将党的十八大以来生态文明建设理论、制度、实践成果确定下来，对现行生态环境法律制度规范进行全面系统的编订纂修，并保持一定的开放性、兼容性、适应性。法典草案经过两次整体审议、两次分单元审议，提请本次大会审议。制定国家公园法，明确国家公园的法律地位和规划设立、保护管理、保障监督制度，高质量推进国家公园建设。修改环境保护税法，将挥发性有机物全部纳入征收范围，促进空气质量持续改善。审议南极活动与环境保护法草案，规范南极活动管理，保护南极环境。
- Enhancing legislation on environmental protection
In compiling the ecological and environmental code, we worked, guided by Xi Jinping Thought on Ecological Conservation, to codify the theoretical, institutional, and practical achievements made in ecological conservation since the Party’s 18th National Congress. During this process, we carried out comprehensive and systematic compilation and revisions of existing laws and regulations in this area, while taking care to ensure a proper degree of openness, inclusiveness, and adaptability. Following two overall reviews and two reviews of individual sections, the draft code has been submitted to this session for deliberation.
To promote the high-quality development of national parks, we enacted the National Parks Law, affirming their legal status and the institutions for their planning, establishment, protection, management, support, and supervision. We revised the Environmental Protection Tax Law to extend this tax to all volatile organic compounds, thereby promoting the sustained improvement of air quality. We also deliberated a draft law on Antarctic activities and environmental protection in an effort to regulate activities in Antarctica while preserving its environment.
推进国家安全、公共安全领域立法。制定原子能法，依法保障原子能研究、开发与和平利用，促进原子能事业健康、安全、可持续发展。修改治安管理处罚法，适应社会治理形势需要，合理调整和设置处罚范围、种类、幅度，优化处罚程序，加强执法规范化建设。修改网络安全法，强化网络安全法律责任，加强数据安全和个人信息保护，推动形成良好网络生态。制定危险化学品安全法，加强全链条、各环节安全管理，依法保障人民群众生命财产安全、保护生态环境。审议监狱法修订草案，依法推进平安监狱、法治监狱、文明监狱建设。
- Fortifying legislation on national and public security
We enacted the Atomic Energy Law to support research, development, and peaceful utilization of atomic energy in accordance with the law and promote the healthy, safe, and sustainable development of related programs. To keep pace with the evolving needs of social governance, we made revisions to the Public Security Administrative Penalties Law, which included appropriately adjusting or defining the scope, category, and severity of penalties, optimizing penalty procedures, and enhancing standardization of law enforcement. We revised the Cybersecurity Law to strengthen legal accountability in cybersecurity and enhance data security and personal information protection, thereby fostering a safer, healthier online environment. In seeking to safeguard the lives and property of the people and protect ecosystems and the environment in accordance with the law, we enacted the Hazardous Chemicals Safety Law to bolster comprehensive safety management across the entire chain. We deliberated draft revisions to the Prison Law to advance, in accordance with the law, the development of safe, law-based, and well-managed prisons.
开展法律清理工作。集中开展法律清理，是保证法律体系科学和谐统一的重要方式。常委会以宪法为根本依据，坚持问题导向，全面梳理现行法律、法律解释、有关法律问题的决定，对存在不适应、不协调问题的，区分不同情况，依法作出处理。常委会审议并批准法工委关于法律清理工作情况和处理意见的报告，对全国人大常委会通过的104件法律、法律解释、有关法律问题的决定宣告失效；对全国人民代表大会通过的35件法律、有关法律问题的决定的效力问题，提请本次大会审议并作出决定。
- Conducting a comprehensive review of the law
A thorough review of existing laws is essential for ensuring the soundness, consistency, and unity of the legal system. Taking the Constitution as the fundamental basis of our work, we followed a problem-oriented approach in conducting a comprehensive review of existing laws, legal interpretations, and decisions on legal matters. For those found to be outdated or inconsistent, we addressed them in accordance with the law, taking into account the specific circumstances.
We deliberated and approved a Legislative Affairs Commission report on this review and its suggestions for follow-up measures, invalidating 104 laws, legal interpretations, and decisions on legal matters adopted by the Standing Committee. As for the validity of 35 laws and decisions on legal matters passed by the NPC, we have submitted them to this session for your deliberation and decision.
坚持科学立法、民主立法、依法立法。严格依照法定权限和程序开展立法工作，遵循客观规律和立法规律，平衡、调整、规范各种利益关系，合理设置法律规范边界，做到权利和义务统一、权力与责任对等、处罚同过错相当，妥善处理法律稳定性与变动性、现实性与前瞻性、原则性与可操作性的关系，保证立法适应时代发展、实践要求和人民期盼。扩大公众对立法的有序参与，增强立法调研、座谈、论证、评估等工作的针对性，广泛凝聚立法共识。法律草案通过中国人大网、基层立法联系点公开征求意见，收到各方面意见建议36.4万条，许多意见得到采纳并反馈。加强立法全过程宣传解读，通过发言人记者会、书面答记者问等形式，通报法律案审议情况，解读新制定或修改的法律，妥善回应舆情关注的法律问题。召开基层立法联系点工作交流会，总结设立10年来的经验，推进联系点工作制度化规范化。
- Advancing legislation with a scientific, democratic, and law-based approach
We carried out legislative work in strict compliance with our statutory powers and procedures, guided by the objective principles and the inherent laws governing legislative work. We strived to balance, adjust, and regulate various interest relations and delineate reasonable boundaries for laws and regulations, ensuring rights and obligations are aligned, power and responsibility are matched, and punishments are proportionate to offenses. We sought to strike the right balance between maintaining legal stability and ensuring adaptability, between grounding legislation in current realities and maintaining orientation toward the future, and between upholding principles and guaranteeing practicality. In doing so, we can ensure our legislation remains responsive to evolving times, practical requirements, and people’s aspirations.
We encouraged orderly public participation in legislation; improved the focus of research, symposiums, debates, and assessments; and fostered broad consensus in our lawmaking. After soliciting public input on draft laws through the official NPC website and local legislative outreach offices, we received 364,000 comments and suggestions from all sectors of society, many of which have been accepted with feedback provided.
Meanwhile, we redoubled efforts to provide the public with information and explanations throughout the entire legislation process. Through spokespersons’ press conferences, written responses to journalists’ inquiries, and other channels, we disseminated information on the deliberation of bills, provided explanations of newly enacted or revised laws, and responded properly to legal matters of public concern. We convened a meeting on the work of local legislative outreach offices, reviewing the experience gained over the past decade since their establishment and striving to make this work more institutionalized and standardized.
三、履行监督职责，充分发挥人大监督在党和国家监督体系中的重要作用
3. We exercised our oversight responsibilities, fulfilling the NPC’s vital role in the Party and state oversight system.
坚持正确监督、有效监督、依法监督，完善监督法实施机制，加强对宪法法律实施和“一府一委两院”工作的监督，确保国家机关依法行使权力、履行职责，确保人民群众民主权利、合法权益得到维护和实现。一年来，共听取审议22个监督工作的报告，检查5件法律实施情况，组织开展2次专题询问、11项专题调研，作出1项决议。依法依规办理群众来信来访22.1万件次，委员长会议定期听取信访工作情况报告。
To ensure our oversight is carried out appropriately, effectively, and lawfully, we improved the mechanisms for implementing the Oversight Law. We strengthened oversight over the implementation of the Constitution and laws and over the work of the State Council, the National Commission of Supervision, the Supreme People’s Court, and the Supreme People’s Procuratorate. The aim is to ensure state institutions exercise their powers and perform their functions in accordance with the law and the people’s lawful rights and interests – in particular their democratic rights – are safeguarded and fulfilled.
Over the past year, we heard and deliberated 22 work reports, conducted inspections into the implementation of 5 laws, held 2 special inquiries, undertook 11 research projects, and adopted 1 resolution. We also handled 221,000 public letters and visits in compliance with relevant laws and regulations, with the Council of Chairpersons regularly hearing reports on this work.
统筹安排听取审议专项工作报告。聚焦党中央重大决策部署和人民群众所思所盼所愿，确定专项工作报告选题，做好前期调研，加强工作沟通，督促整改落实，形成加强和改进工作的合力。听取审议国务院关于新质生产力发展、促进科技成果转化等报告，推动科技创新和产业创新深度融合，全面增强自主创新能力。围绕保障和改善民生、更好满足人民美好生活需要，听取审议国务院关于灵活就业和新就业形态劳动者权益保障、推动文化和旅游深度融合发展、财政高等教育资金分配和使用、建立健全城乡融合发展体制机制等报告。围绕美丽中国建设，听取审议国务院关于年度环境状况和环境保护目标完成情况、应对气候变化和碳达峰碳中和、水资源税改革试点等报告。加强执法、司法工作监督，听取审议国务院关于刑罚执行、最高人民检察院关于刑罚执行监督、最高人民法院关于海事审判等报告，推动提升执法司法的质量、效率和公信力。
- Coordinating the hearing and deliberation of special reports
With the focus on implementing the Party Central Committee’s major decisions and plans and responding to the people’s concerns and expectations, we designated a number of topics for special reports, conducted thorough preliminary research, fostered closer work communication, and urged the relevant parties to take rectification measures. As a result, we have strengthened and improved the relevant work by generating greater synergy.
We heard and deliberated State Council reports on developing new quality productive forces and promoting the application of scientific and technological advances, so as to drive the deep integration of technological and industrial innovation and enhance China’s innovation capacity on all fronts.
To ensure and improve the people’s wellbeing and meet their needs for a better life, we heard and deliberated State Council reports on protecting the rights and interests of workers in flexible and new forms of employment, promoting the deep integration of the cultural and tourism sectors, allocating and utilizing government funding for higher education, and creating sound institutions and mechanisms for integrated urban-rural development.
In seeking to advance the Beautiful China Initiative, we heard and deliberated State Council reports on the state of the environment and the fulfillment of environmental protection targets for 2024, climate change response including peak carbon emissions and carbon neutrality progress, and pilot reforms of the water resource tax.
To strengthen oversight over law enforcement and judicial work, we heard and deliberated a State Council report on the enforcement of penal decisions, a Supreme People’s Procuratorate report on the oversight of such enforcement, and a Supreme People’s Court report on maritime adjudication. This work has helped to raise the quality and efficiency of law enforcement and judicial administration, thereby strengthening public confidence in these institutions.
强化财政经济工作监督。坚持问题导向、效果导向，完善工作机制，加大监督力度，推动党中央关于经济工作决策部署落实见效。听取审议国务院关于计划执行、预算执行、中央决算等报告，审查批准2024年中央决算，推动实施更加积极有为的宏观政策，助力完成经济社会发展主要目标。审议国务院关于2024年度国有资产管理情况综合报告，听取审议关于企业国有资产（不含金融企业）管理情况专项报告并开展专题询问，推动优化国有经济布局结构，增强国有企业核心功能、提升核心竞争力。完善国有资产管理情况报告制度，机制化安排听取审议常委会审议意见研究处理和整改问责情况报告。听取审议国务院关于金融工作、2024年度政府债务管理情况等报告，推动提升金融支持实体经济质效、优化政府债务规模和结构、遏制新增地方隐性债务、解决拖欠企业账款问题，防范化解重点领域风险。听取审议国务院关于2024年度审计工作、审计查出问题整改情况等报告，推动健全审计整改落实机制，推进源头治理，严肃财经纪律，压实审计整改责任。听取审议关于财政预算事项备案审查工作情况报告，推动依法理财、提升规范化法治化水平。更好发挥预算工委基层联系点作用。
- Enhancing oversight of fiscal and economic affairs
Following a problem- and result-oriented approach, we refined working mechanisms and intensified oversight efforts to facilitate the implementation of the Party Central Committee’s decisions and plans regarding the economy.
We heard and deliberated State Council reports on plan implementation, budget execution, and central final accounts. We examined and approved the 2024 central final accounts thereafter. All of these efforts have contributed to the advancement of more proactive and effective macroeconomic policies and the achievement of major economic and social development targets.
In order to optimize the layout and structure of the state-owned sector and enhance the core functions and competitiveness of state-owned enterprises, we deliberated a comprehensive State Council report on the management of state-owned assets for 2024. We also heard and deliberated a special report on the management of state-owned assets held by enterprises (financial firms excluded) and conducted a special inquiry into this topic. In addition, we refined the reporting system for state-owned asset management and heard and deliberated a State Council report on the handling of our recommendations as well as related rectification and accountability efforts, as required by the established mechanism.
We heard and deliberated State Council reports on financial work and 2024 government debt management. Through these efforts, we have helped to improve the quality and effectiveness of financial support for the real economy, optimize the scale and structure of government debt, curb new hidden local government debt, and clear overdue payments to enterprises, thereby preventing and mitigating risks in key areas.
As part of our efforts to push for more robust mechanisms for ensuring rectification, address problems at their source, strengthen fiscal and economic discipline, and enforce rectification responsibilities, we heard and deliberated State Council reports on the 2024 audit work and the rectification of issues uncovered during audits.
To ensure strict compliance with laws and procedures in public finance management, we heard and deliberated a report on the recording and review of fiscal and budgetary matters. We also strengthened the role of local liaison offices of our Budgetary Affairs Commission.
扎实做好执法检查。严格依照法律规定，检查法定职责履行、法律责任落实、法律执行效果等情况，把执法检查同立法、普法有机结合起来，推动法律全面有效实施。检查工会法实施情况，推动加强基层工会组织建设，维护职工合法权益，深化产业工人队伍建设改革。检查食品安全法实施情况，推动落实全过程法定监管责任，提升全链条质量安全保障水平。检查森林法实施情况，推动用最严格的制度和最严密的法治培育好、保护好、发展好森林资源。检查循环经济促进法实施情况，推动构建废弃物循环利用体系，提高资源利用效率，促进绿色生产生活方式广泛形成。检查节约能源法实施情况并结合审议执法检查报告开展专题询问，推动实施全面节约战略，将节能更好贯穿于经济社会发展全过程和各领域，协同推进降碳、减污、扩绿、增长。进一步改进专题询问工作，提前充分准备，聚焦突出问题，加强交流互动，使询问更加深入、更具实效。
- Taking concrete steps to carry out law enforcement inspections
We conducted inspections of the performance of statutory functions, the fulfillment of legal responsibilities, and the effect of law enforcement in strict accordance with the law. We also integrated law enforcement inspections with legislative and legal awareness initiatives to promote the full and effective implementation of laws.
We inspected the implementation of the Trade Union Law to strengthen primary-level trade unions, protect the lawful rights and interests of workers, and deepen reforms to further develop the industrial workforce.
We inspected the implementation of the Food Safety Law to ensure whole-process supervision responsibilities are carried out as legally required and improve food quality and safety across the entire supply chain.
In order to cultivate, protect, and develop our forest resources under the strictest institutions and the most rigorous rule of law, we conducted inspections into the implementation of the Forest Law.
We inspected the implementation of the Law on Promoting the Circular Economy with the aim of advancing the creation of a system for recycling waste and used materials, using resources more efficiently, and promoting eco-friendly work practices and lifestyles throughout society.
We also inspected the implementation of the Energy Conservation Law and, on the basis of our deliberation of the inspection report, carried out a special inquiry. Through this effort, we aim to advance the comprehensive conservation strategy by integrating energy conservation into every stage and aspect of economic and social development and promote coordinated progress in cutting carbon emissions, reducing pollution, expanding green development, and boosting economic growth.
Additionally, we further refined our special inquiry work. Adequate preparations, a focus on prominent issues, and enhanced exchanges enabled us to conduct more in-depth inquiries and deliver more tangible results.
精心组织专题调研。围绕“十五五”规划纲要编制工作若干重要问题，委员长会议组成人员带队，10个专门委员会、4个工作委员会和常委会办公厅参与，深入调查研究，广泛听取意见，形成26份专题调研报告；同时组织1000余名全国人大代表开展相关调研，形成50份调研报告。在财政经济领域，围绕规范税收优惠政策、政府资本性支出管理与改革、粤港澳大湾区建设、发展乡村产业等开展专题调研。在社会民生领域，围绕推进中华民族共同体建设、加强侨务立法、农产品质量安全等开展专题调研。在国家安全领域，围绕国家安全法、陆地国界法实施情况等开展专题调研。开展监察法实施情况专题调研。注重调研成果转化运用，及时将调研报告送有关方面研究改进工作。
- Undertaking well-organized research projects
With the focus on key issues in formulating the 15th Five-Year Plan, members of the Council of Chairpersons led research teams with the participation of 10 special committees, 4 working commissions and committees, and the General Office of the NPC Standing Committee. Based on thorough research and extensive consultation, we produced 26 reports. In addition, we organized more than 1,000 NPC deputies to conduct research on relevant issues, resulting in another 50 reports.
In the fiscal and economic sphere, we conducted research to standardize preferential tax policies, manage and reform government capital expenditure, further develop the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, and cultivate industries in rural areas. With regard to social governance and public wellbeing, we carried out research on advancing the building of a community for the Chinese nation, strengthening legislation on overseas Chinese affairs, and improving the quality and safety of agricultural products. In the realm of national security, we undertook research on the implementation of the National Security Law and the Land Border Law. We also conducted research on the implementation of the Supervision Law.
Across all of these research projects, we underscored the importance of translating findings into practice by ensuring our reports were transmitted promptly to the relevant parties for their study and work improvements.
