全国人民代表大会常务委员会工作报告文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/15265.html
REPORT ON THE WORK OF THE STANDING COMMITTEE OF THE NATIONAL PEOPLE’S CONGRESS文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/15265.html
文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/15265.html
——2024年3月8日在第十四届全国人民代表大会第二次会议上文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/15265.html
Delivered at the Second Session of the 14th National People’s Congress文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/15265.html
March 8, 2024文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/15265.html
文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/15265.html
全国人民代表大会常务委员会委员长 赵乐际文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/15265.html
Zhao Leji文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/15265.html
Chairman of the Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/15265.html
各位代表：
Fellow Deputies,
我受全国人大常委会委托，向大会报告工作，请予审议。
On behalf of the Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress (NPC), I now present this report on its work for your deliberation.
过去一年的工作
The Year in Review
2023年是全面贯彻党的二十大精神的开局之年。面对异常复杂的国际环境和艰巨繁重的改革发展稳定任务，以习近平同志为核心的党中央团结带领全国各族人民，坚持稳中求进工作总基调，顶住外部压力、克服内部困难，顽强拼搏、勇毅前行，新冠疫情防控实现平稳转段，经济持续回升向好，社会大局保持稳定，高质量发展扎实推进，全面建设社会主义现代化国家迈出坚实步伐。
The year 2023 was the first year in which we fully implemented the guiding principles from the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China (CPC). In the face of an unusually complex international environment and the challenging tasks of advancing reform and development and ensuring stability, the CPC Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core brought together the Chinese people of all ethnic groups and led them in following the general principle of pursuing progress while ensuring stability, withstanding external pressure, overcoming internal difficulties, and forging ahead with fortitude and tenacity.
As a result, China secured a smooth transition in Covid-19 response, achieved continued economic recovery and growth, ensured social stability, and took concrete steps to promote high-quality development. Solid progress has thus been made in building a modern socialist country in all respects.
过去一年，是十四届全国人大常委会依法履职的第一年。常委会全面学习贯彻党的二十大精神，准确把握新时代新征程赋予人大的使命任务，主动适应发展大势和时代要求，深刻领悟“两个确立”的决定性意义，增强“四个意识”、坚定“四个自信”、做到“两个维护”，坚守人大工作的大方向、大原则、大道理。一是坚持党的全面领导特别是党中央集中统一领导，保证党的理论、路线、方针政策和决策部署在人大工作中得到全面贯彻执行；二是自觉用习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想武装头脑、指导实践、推动工作，把学习贯彻习近平法治思想、习近平总书记关于坚持和完善人民代表大会制度的重要思想作为依法履职的基本功；三是坚定不移走中国特色社会主义政治发展道路，坚持好、完善好、运行好人民代表大会制度；四是践行和发展全过程人民民主，保证人大各项工作体现人民意志、保障人民权益、与人民同心同向；五是坚持全面依法治国，弘扬社会主义法治精神，全面推进国家各方面工作法治化；六是稳中求进推动人大工作高质量发展，为以中国式现代化全面推进强国建设、民族复兴伟业提供法治保障。
The past year was the first year in which the Standing Committee of the 14th NPC performed its functions in accordance with the law. We fully studied and implemented the guiding principles from the 20th National Party Congress, grasped the missions and tasks of the people’s congresses on our new journey in the new era, and adapted to the general trend of development and the demands of our times.
We acquired a deep understanding of the decisive significance of establishing Comrade Xi Jinping’s core position on the Party Central Committee and in the Party as a whole and establishing the guiding role of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era. We became more conscious of the need to maintain political integrity, think in big-picture terms, follow the leadership core, and keep in alignment with the central Party leadership. We stayed confident in the path, theory, system, and culture of socialism with Chinese characteristics. We upheld Comrade Xi Jinping’s core position on the Party Central Committee and in the Party as a whole and upheld the Central Committee’s authority and its centralized, unified leadership.
Throughout the year, we stayed true to the following six principles that guide the work of the people’s congresses:
The first is to uphold the overall leadership of the Party, especially the centralized, unified leadership of its central committee, and ensure that the Party’s theories, lines, principles, policies, decisions, and plans are fully implemented in the work of the people’s congresses.
The second is to use Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era to equip our minds, guide our initiatives, and advance our work as we make studying and implementing Xi Jinping Thought on the Rule of Law and his key ideas on upholding and improving the people’s congress system an essential prerequisite for carrying out our duties in accordance with the law.
The third is to remain firmly committed to socialist political advancement with Chinese characteristics and uphold, improve, and run the people’s congress system to good effect.
The fourth is to practice and develop whole-process people’s democracy and ensure that all initiatives of the people’s congresses embody the will of the people, protect their rights and interests, and are aligned with their needs and wishes.
The fifth is to uphold comprehensive law-based governance, promote socialist rule of law, and ensure that all work of the state is carried out under the rule of law.
The sixth is to promote high-quality development in the work of people’s congresses in accordance with the principle of pursuing progress while ensuring stability and provide legal guarantees for building a great country and advancing national rejuvenation on all fronts through Chinese modernization.
一年来，在以习近平同志为核心的党中央坚强领导下，常委会深入贯彻落实中央人大工作会议精神，认真贯彻落实十四届全国人大一次会议精神，坚持党的领导、人民当家作主、依法治国有机统一，认真履行宪法法律赋予的职责，推动人大工作取得新进展新成效，实现良好开局。
This past year, under the strong leadership of the CPC Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core, we acted on the guiding principles from the Central People’s Congress Work Conference in 2021 and the first session of the 14th National People’s Congress, stayed true to the unity of leadership by the Party, the running of the country by the people, and law-based governance, and performed our functions as stipulated in the Constitution and the law. We made fresh progress and achieved new results in the work of the people’s congresses, thus getting off to a good start.
一、弘扬宪法精神、履行宪法使命，提高宪法实施和监督水平
- Promoting the spirit of the Constitution, fulfilling our constitutional missions, and improving our competence in implementing and overseeing compliance with the Constitution
宪法是国家的根本法，是党和人民意志的集中体现，具有最高的法律地位、法律权威、法律效力。常委会认真履行保证宪法实施、加强宪法监督的法定职责，把宪法实施和监督、宪法宣传教育贯穿到立法、监督、决定、任免、代表等各方面工作中，坚定维护宪法权威和尊严，维护国家法治统一。
The Constitution is the fundamental law of China. It is the concentrated embodiment of the will of the Party and the people, and it enjoys supreme legal status, legal authority, and legal force.
Over the past year, we faithfully performed our statutory duties of ensuring the implementation of the Constitution and strengthening oversight of its compliance. We incorporated implementation of the Constitution, oversight of constitutional compliance, and public outreach and education regarding the Constitution into all aspects of our work, including legislation, oversight, decision-making, the appointment and removal of officials, and deputy-related work. We firmly safeguarded the authority and sanctity of the Constitution and upheld uniform implementation of the rule of law.
健全保证宪法实施的法律制度。宪法的生命在于实施，宪法的权威也在于实施，全面贯彻实施宪法是全面依法治国、建设社会主义法治国家的首要任务和基础性工作。常委会坚持依宪立法，全面发挥宪法在立法中的核心地位功能，每一个立法环节都把好宪法关，努力使每一项立法都符合宪法精神、体现宪法权威、保证宪法实施。完善宪法相关法律制度，制定爱国主义教育法，坚持爱国和爱党、爱社会主义高度统一，落实宪法关于开展爱国主义教育、维护国家统一和民族团结等规定，培育和增进全体人民对中华民族大家庭和伟大祖国的情感，铸牢中华民族共同体意识；两次审议国务院组织法修订草案，并决定提请本次大会审议，这是落实国家机构组织法定原则、保障国务院依宪依法履行职责、推进国家治理体系和治理能力现代化的重大举措。
We improved the legal framework for ensuring the implementation of the Constitution.
The very life of the Constitution lies in its implementation, from which its authority also stems. Full implementation of the Constitution is a primary task and foundational work for comprehensive law-based governance and the development of China into a socialist country under the rule of law.
Adhering to the principle of enacting laws in accordance with the Constitution, we fully leveraged the central role of the Constitution in legislation and ensured that the Constitution is observed throughout the entire legislative process, so that each and every law adopted complies with the spirit of the Constitution, reflects its authority, and ensures its implementation.
We worked to improve the legal framework pertaining to the Constitution. We enacted a patriotic education law to instill in the people undivided love for the country, the Party, and socialism and implement constitutional provisions on patriotic education, national unity, and ethnic solidarity. Our goal was to nurture and promote closer bonds among the entire Chinese people with their motherland and their nation as a big family, thus forging a strong sense of community for the Chinese nation. We conducted two rounds of deliberation on the draft revisions to the Organic Law of the State Council, which will be submitted to this session for deliberation. This is an important step in implementing the principle of legality in the organization of state institutions, ensuring that the State Council performs its functions in accordance with the Constitution and the law, and advancing the modernization of China’s system and capacity for governance.
加强宪法监督工作。宪法是国家政治和社会生活的最高法律规范，一切法律法规和规范性文件都不得同宪法相抵触，一切违反宪法法律的行为都必须予以纠正。合宪性审查、备案审查是人大加强宪法监督的重要抓手。常委会深入推进合宪性审查工作，对所有提请审议的法律案进行合宪性审查，对法规、司法解释等规范性文件中的合宪性、涉宪性问题进行审查研究，推动制定机关纠正不符合宪法规定、原则、精神的规范性文件。加强备案审查工作，作出关于完善和加强备案审查制度的决定，坚持有件必备、有备必审、有错必纠，对报送备案的1753件行政法规、地方性法规、自治条例和单行条例、司法解释、特别行政区本地法律等规范性文件进行主动审查，对公民、组织提出的2878件审查建议逐一研究，督促制定机关修改或废止规范性文件260多件。为保证黄河保护法、青藏高原生态保护法有效实施，推动有关方面对相关规范性文件开展集中清理。探索备案审查案例指导工作。推动地方人大法规规章规范性文件数据库建设。
We strengthened oversight to ensure compliance with the Constitution.
The Constitution is the highest legal norm of political and social activities in our nation. No other law, regulation, or normative document may contradict the Constitution, and all actions must be corrected if they are in violation of the Constitution and the law.
Constitutional review and normative document recording and review are important means for the NPC to oversee the implementation of the Constitution. We brought the work of constitutional review to a new depth. We conducted constitutional review of all of the draft laws submitted for deliberation, examined and studied issues regarding the constitutionality and constitutional implementation in regulations, judicial interpretations, and other normative documents, and pushed relevant formulating bodies to correct their normative documents in conflict with the provisions, principles, or the spirit of the Constitution.
We improved the recording and review of normative documents. We made a decision on improving and strengthening the recording and review system. We continued to follow the practice of putting on record all documents that are subject to recording, reviewing all recorded documents, and correcting all errors identified. We reviewed all 1,753 normative documents submitted for recording, including administrative regulations, local regulations, autonomous regulations and separate regulations, judicial interpretations, and local laws of the special administrative regions. We examined 2,878 suggestions for review made by citizens and organizations. In doing so, we urged relevant formulating bodies to revise or rescind more than 260 normative documents. To ensure the effective implementation of the Yellow River Protection Law and the Law on Ecological Conservation of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, we pushed the parties concerned to overhaul relevant normative documents.
We explored methods of using typical cases to guide recording and review work and supported local people’s congresses in building databases of their regulations, rules, and other normative documents.
深化宪法宣传教育。宪法的根基在于人民发自内心的拥护，宪法的伟力在于人民出自真诚的信仰。常委会坚持宪法实施、宣传、教育一体推进，不断提升中国宪法理论和实践的说服力、影响力。在第十个国家宪法日，学习贯彻习近平总书记重要指示精神，召开“弘扬宪法精神，加强宪法实施，为强国建设、民族复兴提供宪法保障”座谈会，坚定宪法自信，培育宪法文化，推动宪法实施成为全体人民的自觉行动。发挥人大代表在模范遵守宪法、带头宣传宪法、推动宪法实施中的作用。结合当代中国宪法制度和宪法实践，加强中国特色社会主义宪法理论研究和宣传教育，讲好中国宪法故事。
We stepped up public outreach and education regarding the Constitution.
The foundation of the Constitution is built upon the sincere support of the people, and the strength of the Constitution comes from their genuine faith. We took a holistic approach to constitutional implementation, public outreach, and education and worked to make China’s Constitution-related theories and practices more compelling and influential.
Following General Secretary Xi Jinping’s important instructions on the Constitution, we held a symposium marking the 10th National Constitution Day on December 4, 2023 in order to promote the spirit of the Constitution, strengthen the implementation of the Constitution, and provide a constitutional guarantee for building China into a great country and advancing national rejuvenation. This is part of our efforts to build firm confidence in our Constitution, foster a Constitutional culture, and help all of our people become more mindful of complying with the Constitution.
We gave full play to the role of NPC deputies in exemplarily abiding by the Constitution, taking the lead in promoting public awareness regarding the Constitution, and advancing its implementation. In line with the current constitutional system and practices, we stepped up research on the socialist constitutional theory with Chinese characteristics, strengthened public outreach and education in this regard, and spread inspiring stories to the people about China’s Constitution.
行使宪法赋予的任免权。任免专门委员会副主任委员和委员、代表资格审查委员会组成人员、常委会副秘书长、常委会工作机构负责人、港澳基本法委员会组成人员共55人次，任免和决定任免国务院、中央军事委员会、最高人民法院、最高人民检察院等工作人员251人次。组织7次宪法宣誓仪式，激励和教育国家工作人员忠于宪法、尊崇宪法、维护宪法。
We exercised our constitutional power of appointment and removal.
We made 55 appointments and removals of vice chairpersons and members of NPC special committees, members of the Credentials Committee, deputy secretary-generals of the Standing Committee, persons in charge of the Standing Committee working bodies, and members of the Committee on the HKSAR Basic Law and the Committee on the Macao SAR Basic Law. We approved or decided on 251 appointments and removals of officials of the State Council, the Central Military Commission, the Supreme People’s Court, and the Supreme People’s Procuratorate.
We organized seven ceremonies for officials to pledge allegiance to the Constitution as they took office in order to encourage our public servants to be loyal to the Constitution, respect the Constitution, and uphold the Constitution.
做好代表资格审查工作。补选全国人大代表3人，终止代表资格24人。目前，十四届全国人大实有代表2956人。
We performed well in examining the qualifications of the deputies. We confirmed the by-election results for 3 deputies to the NPC and terminated the credentials of 24 deputies. Currently, the NPC has 2,956 deputies.
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