Many ways to make the impossible possible
很多方法让不可能成为可能文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/15188.html
文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/15188.html
We’re proud of the role our foundation plays to help solve urgent problems – but we’re far from the only ones doing this work. There are so many philanthropists bringing novel approaches and unique expertise to a wide range of issues.文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/15188.html
文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/15188.html
我们为盖茨基金会在帮助解决紧迫问题方面发挥的作用感到骄傲，但我们远非唯一在做这项工作的人。很多慈善家为各种各样的议题带来了创新的办法和独到的专长。文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/15188.html
文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/15188.html
The philanthropic ecosystem looks different than it did when I started doing this work over 15 years ago, and that’s a good thing. Donors around the world are bringing bold vision and lived experience to complex challenges. The African Philanthropy Forum helps African donors work together to drive inclusive, sustainable development across the continent. I’m excited by the work of foundations in India, China, and Singapore taking on local and global problems. As the next generation of philanthropists steps up, they’ll bring new ideas that raise the bar for what good giving looks like.文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/15188.html
文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/15188.html
慈善的生态系统与我15年前刚做这项工作时不一样了，这是一件好事。世界各地的捐赠人正在为复杂的挑战描绘宏大的愿景并带来切实的经验。“非洲慈善论坛”正在帮助非洲捐赠人共同努力推动整个非洲大陆包容而可持续的发展。我对印度、中国和新加坡等国的基金会为解决本地和全球问题而开展的工作感到兴奋。随着下一代慈善家的崛起，他们将带来新想法，进一步提高慈善影响力的标杆。文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/15188.html
文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/15188.html
Of course, it’s not just the very wealthy who can make a difference. Small donations, taken together, make an enormous impact. Today, nearly half the world’s countries participate in GivingTuesday, a movement that has facilitated more than $13 billion in donations since its creation in 2012.
当然，并不是只有非常富有的人才能有所作为。小额捐赠聚沙成塔也会产生巨大影响。目前，世界近一半的国家都加入了“慈善星期二”（GivingTuesday）的行列。自2012年创立以来，这项倡议已促成了130多亿美元的捐赠。
And then there are the millions of people around the world who send money from each paycheck back to their families in their home countries. This kind of giving, called remittances, reached $590 billion in 2020. That far surpassed all other sources of international aid combined.
另外，世界各地有数百万人从每一笔薪水中拿出一部分汇款给祖国的家人。这种捐助，即汇款，在2020年达到了5900亿美元。这远远超过了所有其他国际援助的总和。
You’d think that when people experience financial hardship, remittances would go down. But the opposite happens: People live with less so they can send more money home. During the COVID-19 pandemic, remittances went up – by 19%.
你可能认为，在遭遇经济困难时，汇款会减少。但实际情况与之相反：人们降低了生活开销，目的是把更多钱寄回家。新冠大流行期间，汇款额增长了19%。
There’s so much generosity in the world. And there are more resources than ever before to help philanthropists translate their generosity into impact, from donor collaboratives – also referred to as collaborative funds – to new models of large-scale giving.
世界上的慷慨行为数不胜数。现在比以往任何时候都有更多资源来帮助慈善家们将他们的慷慨捐赠转化为社会效益，无论是通过“共建式慈善”还是其他大规模捐赠的新模式。
I know there are people genuinely committed to philanthropy with limited capacity to give today. But for those who can, starting now has enormous benefits.
我知道有人真正致力于慈善事业，只是现有的捐赠能力有限。但对于那些有捐赠能力的人而言，现在就开始捐赠则益处良多。
For one thing, you’ll actually get to see the impact you make. You’ll also have time to build trust and understanding with the people doing the work. Strong partnerships are their own reward – but they also lead to greater impact. And the sooner you start, the more momentum you can build. That’s especially important when you’re working on issues where progress is measured not in months, or even years, but decades.
首先，你能真正看到你带来的社会效益。你还将有时间与一线工作的人建立信任和相互理解。牢固的伙伴关系本身就是回报，也会带来更大的社会效益。你越早开始，就越能积攒更多势能。这一点尤为重要，因为在你从事的领域，进步可能不是以月或年来衡量的，而是需要几十年的时间才能看到效果。
Giving to the areas of greatest need
捐给最有需要的领域
Whether donors have $10 or $10 million to give, they want to know their dollars are making an impact – and with so many options of where and how to give, the decision can feel daunting. Luckily, decades of innovation and collaboration within the global philanthropic sector mean that donors don’t have to navigate the journey alone.
无论捐赠者捐了10美元还是1000万美元，他们都希望知道自己的钱正在产生影响。面对众多的捐赠项目 和捐赠方式，做出选择并不容易。幸运的是，全球慈善领域数十年的创新与合作意味着捐赠者不必独自面对这一难题。
How can givers direct their dollars to the areas of greatest need – and trust that they’re being spent efficiently?
捐赠人怎样才能把钱用在最有需要的领域，并且相信这些钱花得有效率？
In the United States, community foundations are an extraordinary resource. They have deep local ties and can help guide givers to the areas of greatest impact.
在美国，社区基金会是了不起的资源。这些基金会扎根社区，可以引导捐赠人关注能产生最大社会效益的领域。
Donor collaboratives are a great resource for large-scale, international giving. These organizations bring givers together, provide deep expertise, and channel dollars to local organizations effectively
共建式慈善基金对于大规模的国际捐赠而言是重要的资源。这些共建式慈善基金将捐赠人汇聚在一起，为他们提供深度的专业知识并将他们的赠款有效地导向全球各地的一线机构。
Donor collaboratives and their common commitment to equity
共建式慈善及其对平等的共同承诺
Seventy percent of collaboratives report explicitly prioritizing gender or racial equity.
70%的共建式慈善基金明确表示优先考虑性别或种族平等。
Some are issue-specific, like the END Fund, which is focused on eliminating neglected tropical diseases, or the Co-Impact Gender Fund, which supports women’s leadership. Others help specific communities. Anamaya focuses on the health and nutrition of tribal communities in India. Blue Meridian Partners looks to scale solutions that expand opportunity for people living in poverty in the United States and has raised $4.5 billion since its inception.
有些共建式慈善基金专注于特定议题，如“消除基金”（END Fund）专注于消除被忽视的热带病；“共同影响性别基金”（Co-Impact Gender Fund）专注于支持女性发挥领导力。还有一些组织的目标是帮助特定社区，如 Anamaya专注于印度土著社区的健康和营养问题；“蓝色子午线伙伴基金”（Blue Meridian Partners）专注于解决扶贫方案的应用普及，从而为美国贫困人口提供更多机会，该组织自成立以来已筹集了45亿美元。
Are small organizations really equipped to absorb major gifts?
小型组织真的有能力吸纳巨额捐赠吗？
In 2020, MacKenzie Scott began giving large, unrestricted gifts to nonprofits and educational institutions, many of them small organizations. Some people questioned whether the grants were bigger than recipient organizations could handle.
2020年，麦肯齐·斯科特女士开始向非营利组织和教育机构提供大额的非限定性捐赠，其中许多受赠方是小型组织。有些人质疑这些赠款是否超出了受赠组织的承受能力。
But a study by the Center for Effective Philanthropy found that nonprofit leaders who received grants from Scott reported few negative consequences and were planning for the long term to minimize risks after the grants are spent. Today, those grants are strengthening nearly 2,000 effective institutions worldwide.
但“有效慈善研究中心”（Center for Effective Philanthropy）的一项研究发现，麦肯齐·斯科特女士资助的非营利组织领导人反映的负面结果很少，而且他们正在做长期规划以降低赠款用完后的风险。目前，全球有近2000个高效运营的组织受益于斯科特女士的资助。
What billions of dollars could do
数十亿美元能干什么
There’s so much that was remarkable about Chuck Feeney’s giving, but one thing that sticks out to me is how he prioritized people furthest from opportunity.
查克·费尼的捐赠有很多非凡之处，但有一件事给我留下了深刻印象，那就是他如何优先考虑那些离机会最远的人。
Most rich donors express a desire to give to social change – but in practice, a greater proportion of their giving goes to elite universities and cultural institutions. Feeney did both. He gave nearly a billion to his alma mater, but he also gave billions to basic human needs.
大多数富有的捐赠人都表达了为社会变革捐款的愿望，但在实际操作中，他们捐款中的很大一部分流向了精英大学和文化机构。费尼两样都做到了，他向母校捐赠了近10亿美元，同时也为满足人类的基本需求捐赠了数十亿美元。
Imagine the possibilities if more donors followed his lead. What if, alongside a $100 million dollar gift to a highly selective university, they also gave $100 million to set up a system that makes online textbooks free for every college student in the United States, forever? If a donor gave $20 million to an institution searching for a cure for cancer, and $20 million to fund research on malaria, a disease that still kills a child every minute? Or $5 million to their child’s private school and $5 million to support quality teaching across sub-Saharan Africa?
想象一下，如果更多捐赠人跟随他的脚步会发生什么。如果他们向一所顶尖大学捐赠1亿美元的同时，又捐了1亿美元建起一个系统，让美国所有大学生永久免费使用在线教材，这会产生怎样的影响？如果一个捐赠人给某研究癌症治疗方法的机构捐了2000万美元，又捐了2000万美元针对每两分钟就杀死一个孩子的疟疾开展研究，又会带来怎样的改变？捐赠人给自己孩子的私立学校捐了500万美元，同时又捐了500万美元以改善撒哈拉以南非洲地区的教育，这又会带来怎样的变化？
I know that very few people are willing or able to give away all their wealth. But there’s a lot of ground between Feeney’s blockbuster generosity and the current state of giving among the ultra-wealthy – and so many opportunities to make an impact.
我知道很少有人愿意或能够捐出全部财富。但超级富豪的捐赠现状与费尼的慷慨捐赠之间存在着一个巨大的空间，有很多机会可以产生影响、带来改变。
Globally, the net worth of the world’s 2,640 billionaires is at least $12.2 trillion. With $1 billion, philanthropists could fund a set of high-impact, low-cost interventions that could save the lives of two million additional mothers and babies by 2030. With $4 billion, they could help a half-billion smallholder farmers become more climate resilient and reduce greenhouse gas emissions from agriculture by 1 gigaton a year by 2030. With just over $7 billion, they could get vaccines to 300 million people, preventing at least 7 million deaths.
全球范围内，2640位亿万富翁的净资产总和至少有12.2万亿美元。投入10亿美元，慈善家们就可以资助一系列影响巨大且成本低廉的干预措施，到2030年可以多挽救200万母亲和婴儿的生命；
投入40亿美元，他们就可以帮助5亿小农户增强气候韧性，并且到2030年每年减少10亿吨农业温室气体排放；投入70多亿美元，他们就可以为3亿人接种疫苗，防止至少700万人死亡。
If every billionaire on earth donated 0.5% of their wealth, it would unlock $61 billion dollars – enough to cover all the above and still have $49 billion left over.
如果地球上的每个亿万富翁都捐出他们财富的0.5%，这将释放出610亿美元——足以覆盖上述全部项目，还有490亿结余。
That kind of money could create so many opportunities for so many people – but only if it gets spent, and spent well. In the United States, Canada, and Australia, philanthropic foundations are required to disburse at least 5% of their assets each year. I personally believe this could be higher – especially given that we’re talking about tax-advantaged dollars. Though it’s better than the current situation across most of Europe, where foundations face no payout requirements at all.
这样一笔钱可以为很多人创造大量机会，但前提是这笔钱被花掉，而且要花得好。在美国、加拿大和澳大利亚，慈善基金会被要求每年至少支出其资产的5%。我个人认为这个数字可以更高，尤其是考虑到我们说的是享受了税收优惠的资金。不过这已经比目前欧洲大部分地区的情况要好，那里的基金会完全没有支出要求。
Today’s world has no shortage of complex problems to be tackled, or innovators ready to take them on. Around the world, they’re on the cusp of breakthroughs that can save and improve millions of lives. Some of these discoveries are already reaching people in need. Others will take some time but have the potential to change life as we know it. But without generous investment and persistent support, great ideas remain just that: ideas.
当今世界不乏需要解决的复杂问题，也不乏敢于挑战这些问题的创新者。在世界各地，他们正在寻求突破，以挽救和改善数百万人的生命。其中一些突破已经惠及了有需要的人。而另一些则需要时间，但已经显示出改变人们生活的潜力。然而，如果没有慷慨的投资和持续的支持，伟大的想法也只是想法而已。
If more people step up their commitments and focus their resources on the areas of greatest need, those ideas can translate to impact. That means more farmers who can support their families no matter the weather, more children who don’t suffer from preventable diseases, and more mothers for whom childbirth is a source of joy, not fear.
如果更多人加大承诺并将他们的资源集中于最有需要的领域，这些想法就可以转化为社会效益。这意味着更多农民无论天气如何都能养家糊口、更多孩子能免受可预防疾病的危害、更多母亲将分娩视为快乐而非恐惧的源泉。
Together, we can realize the full potential of philanthropy at the very moment the world needs it most.
在世界最有需要的时刻，我们可以共同努力，让慈善发挥全部潜能。
Mark Suzman
马克·苏斯曼
Chief Executive Officer
首席执行官
Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation
比尔及梅琳达·盖茨基金会
