（四）健全完善国家宏观调控
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4. Improving macroeconomic regulation文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/7984.html
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——注重规划引领。编制《中华人民共和国国民经济和社会发展第十三个五年规划纲要》《国家粮食安全中长期规划纲要（2008－2020年）》《全国新增1000亿斤粮食生产能力规划（2009－2020年）》《中国食物与营养发展纲要（2014－2020年）》《全国农业可持续发展规划（2015－2030年）》《全国国土规划纲要（2016－2030年）》《国家乡村振兴战略规划（2018－2022年）》《粮食行业“十三五”发展规划纲要》等一系列发展规划，从不同层面制定目标、明确措施，引领农业现代化、粮食产业以及食物营养的发展方向，多维度维护国家粮食安全。文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/7984.html
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– Paying close attention to state planning as guidance. China has formulated a series of plans, including the Outline of the Thirteenth Five-year Plan for National Economic and Social Development of the People’s Republic of China, Outline of the Medium- and Long-term Plan for National Food Security (2008-2020), National Plan for an Increase of Production Capacity for 50 Billion Kg of Food (2009-2020), Outline of China’s Food and Nutrition Development (2014-2020), National Agriculture Sustainable Development Plan (2015-2030), National Land Planning Outline (2016-2030), National Rural Vitalization Strategic Plan (2018-2022), and Outline of the 13th Five-year Development Plan for the Food Industry. Through these plans, China defines its goals and measures at different levels, and guides agricultural modernization, food nutrition, and the food industry, with the goal of safeguarding national food security in every respect.文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/7984.html
文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/7984.html
——深化粮食收储制度和价格形成机制改革。为保护农民种粮积极性，促进农民就业增收，防止出现“谷贱伤农”和“卖粮难”，在特定时段、按照特定价格、对特定区域的特定粮食品种，先后实施了最低收购价收购、国家临时收储等政策性收购。收购价格由国家根据生产成本和市场行情确定，收购的粮食按照市场价格销售。随着市场形势发展变化，粮食供给更加充裕，按照分品种施策、渐进式推进的原则，积极稳妥推进粮食收储制度和价格形成机制改革。2014年起先后取消了大豆、油菜籽、玉米等粮油品种国家临时收储政策，全面实行市场化收购。2016年起逐步完善了稻谷和小麦最低收购价格政策，进一步降低了政策性收购比例，实现了以市场化收购为主。文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/7984.html
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– Furthering reform of the grain collection and storage system and the price formation mechanism. In order to encourage farmers to grow grain, increase their employment prospects and incomes, and protect them from low grain prices and problems in selling their output, the government has, over specified periods, on specific grain varieties in specific regions, and in accordance with specific prices, carried out procurement policies including minimum purchase price procurement and temporary state collection and storage. The purchase price was determined by the government according to the production cost and the market situation, and the grain purchased was sold at the market price. As the market changes and develops, and as the grain supply increases, the government has made different policies for different grain varieties, actively and steadily promoted reform of the grain collection and storage system and the price formation mechanism. Since 2014, we have canceled the national temporary collection and storage policy of grain and oil varieties such as soybeans, rapeseed and corn, and carried out market-based procurement in an all-round way. Since 2016, we have gradually improved the minimum purchase price policy for rice and wheat, further reduced the proportion of policy procurement, and realized market-based procurement.文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/7984.html
——发挥粮食储备重要作用。合理确定中央和地方储备功能定位，中央储备粮主要用于全国范围守底线、应大灾、稳预期，是国家粮食安全的“压舱石”；地方储备粮主要用于区域市场保应急、稳粮价、保供应，是国家粮食安全的第一道防线。
– Giving full play to the important role of grain reserves. The government has a rational process for determining the functions of central and local reserves: the central grain reserves are mainly used to maintain basic needs, respond to disasters and stabilize expectations, which is the “ballast stone” of national food security. Local grain reserves are mainly used in the regional market to meet emergencies, stabilize grain prices and guarantee supply, which is the first line of defense of national food security.
（五）大力发展粮食产业经济
5. Developing the grain industry economy
——加快推动粮食产业转型升级。紧紧围绕“粮头食尾”“农头工尾”，充分发挥加工企业的引擎带动作用，延伸粮食产业链，提升价值链，打造供应链，统筹建好示范市县、产业园区、骨干企业和优质粮食工程“四大载体”，在更高层次上提升国家粮食安全保障水平。
– Speeding up the transformation and upgrading of the grain industry. China upholds the principle of “grain planting to the forefront and produce to follow” and “agriculture to the forefront and industry to follow”, giving full play to the role of processing enterprises as the engine, extending the grain industry chain, upgrading the value chain, and building a supply chain. We have an overall strategy to build four major carriers to raise national food security to a higher level: demonstration cities and counties, industrial parks, backbone enterprises, and the Quality Food Project, so as to raise national food security to a higher level.
——积极发展粮食精深加工转化。增加专用米、专用粉、专用油、功能性淀粉糖、功能性蛋白等食品有效供给，促进居民膳食多元化。顺应饲料用粮需求快速增长趋势，积极发展饲料加工和转化，推动畜禽养殖发展，满足居民对肉蛋奶等的营养需求。
– Transforming grain processing into refined and deep processing. China will increase the effective supply of special rice, special flour, special oil, functional starch sugar and protein, and promote dietary diversity among the people. We will continue to respond to the trend of rapid growth in feed demand, promote feed processing and transformation, facilitate the development of livestock and poultry breeding, and meet the nutritional needs of residents for meat, eggs and milk.
——深入实施优质粮食工程。建立专业化的粮食产后服务中心，为种粮农民提供清理、干燥、储存、加工、销售等服务。建立与完善由6个国家级、32个省级、305个市级和960个县级粮食质检机构构成的粮食质量安全检验监测体系，基本实现“机构成网络、监测全覆盖、监管无盲区”。制定发布“中国好粮油”系列标准，促进粮油产品提质升级，增加绿色优质粮油产品供给。
– Implementing the Quality Food Project. China has established professional post-production grain service centers to provide cleaning, drying, storage, processing and marketing services for farmers. We have established and improved a grain quality and safety inspection and monitoring system composed of 6 national-level, 32 provincial-level, 305 municipal-level and 960 county-level grain quality inspection institutions, basically realizing the full coverage of the monitoring network. We have also formulated and issued a series of standards for grain and oil to upgrade the quality of grain and oil products and increase the supply of green grain and oil.
（六）全面建立粮食科技创新体系
6. Establishing a comprehensive food science and technology innovation system
——强化粮食生产科技支撑。深入推进玉米、大豆、水稻、小麦国家良种重大科研联合攻关，大力培育推广优良品种。超级稻、矮败小麦、杂交玉米等高效育种技术体系基本建立，成功培育出数万个高产优质作物新品种新组合，实现了5－6次大规模更新换代，优良品种大面积推广应用，基本实现主要粮食作物良种全覆盖。中国科学家袁隆平培育的超级杂交稻单产达到每公顷近18.1吨，刷新了世界纪录。加快优质专用稻米和强筋弱筋小麦以及高淀粉、高蛋白、高油玉米等绿色优质品种选育，推动粮食生产从高产向优质高产并重转变。
– Strengthening scientific and technological support for grain production. China has promoted research into improved varieties of corn, soybeans, rice and wheat, and made concerted efforts to cultivate and popularize the best varieties. Highly efficient technology is in place for cultivation of super rice, dwarf male-sterile wheat, and hybrid corn, and tens of thousands of new combinations of high yield and high-quality crop varieties have been successfully cultivated after five or six phases of major upgrading. These have been popularized and applied over large areas, covering almost all major food crops. The per unit yield of super hybrid rice cultivated by Chinese scientist Yuan Longping has reached nearly 18.1 tons per hectare, setting a new world best. We will speed up the breeding of high-quality special rice, strong gluten and weak gluten wheat, and green and high-quality varieties such as high starch, high protein and high oil corn, and transform grain production from high yield to both high yield and high quality.
——推广应用农业科技。2018年，农业科技进步贡献率达到58.3%，比1996年的15.5%提高了42.8个百分点。科学施肥、节水灌溉、绿色防控等技术大面积推广，水稻、小麦、玉米三大粮食作物的农药、化肥利用率分别达到38.8%、37.8%，病虫草害损失率大幅降低。2004年以来实施粮食丰产科技工程，共建设丰产科技攻关田、核心区、示范区、辐射区1276个，累计增产粮食1.3亿吨，项目区单产增产量达到全国平均水平的2.3倍。农业科技的推广应用，为粮食增产发挥了积极作用。
– Applying agricultural science and technology. In 2018, the contribution of scientific and technological progress to agriculture reached 58.3 percent, an increase of 42.8 percentage points from 15.5 percent in 1996. Scientific fertilization, water-saving irrigation, and green prevention and control have been popularized over large areas. That year, pesticide and chemical fertilizer utilization rates for rice, wheat and corn reached 38.8 percent and 37.8 percent, and the loss rate from diseases, pests and weeds has fallen significantly. Since 2004, China has concentrated efforts to increase crop yield through science and technology, building a total of 1,276 research fields, core areas, demonstration areas and rollout areas, with a cumulative increase of 130 million tons of grain; the per unit yield in the project areas is as much as 2.3 times the national average. The popularization and application of agricultural science and technology has played a positive role in increasing grain output.
——提升粮食储运科技水平。攻克了一系列粮食储藏保鲜保质、虫霉防治和减损降耗关键技术难题，系统性解决了中国“北粮南运”散粮集装箱运输成套应用技术难题。不断扩大先进的仓储设施规模，2018年实现机械通风、粮情测控和环流熏蒸系统的仓容分别达到7.5亿吨、6.6亿吨和2.8亿吨。安全绿色储粮、质量安全、营养健康、加工转化、现代物流、“智慧粮食”等领域科研成果得到广泛应用。
– Upgrading the science and technology of grain storage and transportation. China has overcome a series of key technological problems in grain storage and preservation, improving pest and mildew control, loss reduction, and ensuring freshness and quality, and systematically addressed the technical problems of container transportation in bringing bulk grain from North China to the South. China continues to expand the scale of advanced storage facilities, and in 2018, the storage capacity of mechanical ventilation reached 750 million tons. Storage capacity where grains can be monitored reached 660 million tons, and storage capacity featuring circulation fumigation was 280 million tons. Scientific research findings in the fields of safe and green grain storage, quality and safety, nutrition and health, processing and transformation, modern logistics, and “intelligent grain” have been widely applied.
