三、残疾人竞技体育水平不断提高
III. Performances in Parasports Are Improving Steadily文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/13059.html
文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/13059.html
残疾人参与体育赛事日益增多，越来越多的残疾人运动员参加国内国际残疾人体育赛事，勇于挑战，超越自我，展现自强不息、顽强拼搏的精神，成就出彩人生。文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/13059.html
文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/13059.html
Disabled people are becoming increasingly active in sports. More and more athletes with disabilities have competed in sporting events both at home and abroad. They are seeking to meet challenges, pursuing self-improvement, demonstrating an indomitable spirit, and fighting for a wonderful and successful life.文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/13059.html
文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/13059.html
1．在重大国际残疾人体育赛事中表现优异。自1987年起，中国智力残疾人参加了9届世界夏季特奥会和7届世界冬季特奥会，展示了“勇敢尝试、争取胜利”的特奥精神。1989年，中国聋人体育首次走出国门，参加了新西兰克赖斯特彻奇第16届世界聋人运动会。2007年，在美国盐湖城第16届冬季聋奥会上，中国代表团获得1枚铜牌，首次在冬季聋奥会上夺得奖牌。此后在多届夏季和冬季聋奥会上取得佳绩。积极参加亚洲残疾人体育赛事，屡获殊荣。1984年，中国残奥体育代表团24名残疾人运动员在纽约第7届残奥会上参加了田径、游泳、乒乓球三个大项的比赛，获得2枚金牌、24枚奖牌，在残疾人群体中掀起了参与体育运动的热潮。此后中国残奥体育代表团相继参加了历届残奥会，成绩稳步提升。2004年，在雅典第12届残奥会上，中国体育代表团获得63枚金牌、141枚奖牌，金牌数和奖牌数跃居第一。2021年，在东京第16届残奥会上，中国体育代表团获得96枚金牌、207枚奖牌，连续五届实现金牌、奖牌榜双第一。“十三五”时期，中国残疾人体育代表团共参加160项国际赛事，取得1114枚金牌。文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/13059.html
文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/13059.html
1. Chinese parasports athletes have given outstanding performances at major international sporting events. Since 1987, Chinese athletes with intellectual disabilities have participated in nine Special Olympics World Summer Games and seven Special Olympics World Winter Games. In 1989, Chinese deaf athletes made their international debut at the 16th World Games for the Deaf in Christchurch of New Zealand. In 2007, the Chinese delegation earned a bronze medal at the 16th Winter Deaflympics in Salt Lake City of the United States – the first medal won by Chinese athletes at the event. Subsequently, Chinese athletes achieved outstanding performances at several Summer and Winter Deaflympics. They also took an active part in Asian sporting events for the disabled and won many honors. In 1984, 24 athletes from the Chinese Paralympic delegation competed in Athletics, Swimming and Table Tennis at the Seventh Summer Paralympics in New York, and brought home 24 medals, including two golds, generating an upsurge of enthusiasm for sports among disabled people in China. At the following Summer Paralympics, Team China’s performance showed a marked improvement. In 2004, at the 12th Summer Paralympics in Athens, the Chinese delegation won 141 medals, including 63 golds, ranking first in both medals and golds won. In 2021, at the 16th Summer Paralympics in Tokyo, Team China claimed 207 medals, including 96 golds, topping both the gold medal tally and the overall medal standings for the fifth consecutive time. During the 13th Five-Year Plan period (2016-2020), China sent disabled athletes delegations to participate in 160 international sporting events, bringing home a total of 1,114 gold medals.文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/13059.html
文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/13059.html
2．全国性残疾人体育赛事影响不断扩大。自1984年举办首届全国残运会以来，中国已先后举办11届全国残运会，比赛项目从田径、游泳、乒乓球发展到34个项目。自1992年第三届全国残疾人运动会起，全国残疾人运动会正式列入国务院审批的大型运动会系列，形成每四年举办一次的机制，残疾人体育逐步进入制度化、规范化的发展轨道。2019年，在天津举办的第十届全国残运会暨第七届全国特奥会首次实现全国残运会和全国运动会同城举办。2021年，在陕西举办的第十一届残运会暨第八届特奥会首次实现全国残特奥会和全国运动会同城同年举办，促进了两个运动会的同步规划、同步实施、同样精彩。除了举办全国残运会，还在各地举办全国性肢残人、盲人、聋人等各类单项赛事，吸引各类残疾人广泛参与体育运动。通过举办经常性全国残疾人体育赛事，培养了残疾人运动员队伍，提升了残疾人运动水平。
2. Influence of national parasports events keeps expanding. Since China organized its first National Games for Persons with Disabilities (NGPD) in 1984, 11 such events have been held, with the number of sports increasing from three (Athletics, Swimming and Table Tennis) to 34. Since the third games in 1992, the NGPD has been listed as a large-scale sporting event ratified by the State Council and held once every four years. This confirms the institutionalization and standardization of parasports in China. In 2019, Tianjin hosted the 10th NGPD (together with the Seventh National Special Olympic Games) and the National Games of China. This made the city the first to host both the NGPD and the National Games of China. In 2021, Shaanxi hosted the 11th NGPD (together with the Eighth National Special Olympic Games) and the National Games of China. It was the first time that the NGPD had been held in the same city and during the same year as the National Games of China. This allowed synchronized planning and implementation and both games were equally successful. In addition to the NGPD, China also organizes national individual events for categories such as blind athletes, deaf athletes, and athletes with limb deficiencies, for the purpose of engaging more people with various types of disabilities in sports activities. Through these national sporting events for disabled people on a regular basis, the country has trained a number of athletes with disabilities and improved their sports skills.
3．冬残奥运动水平快速提升。北京冬残奥会的成功申办，为中国冬残奥运动发展带来重大机遇。中国高度重视冬残奥会备战工作，制定实施了系列行动方案，积极推动项目布局，统筹训练设施、器材保障、科研服务，组织训练营选拔优秀运动员，加强技术力量培养和国际合作，聘请国内外高水平教练员，组建国家集训队，高山滑雪、冬季两项、越野滑雪、单板滑雪、冰球、轮椅冰壶等6个冬残奥大项全部纳入全国残运会赛事，推动29个省（区、市）开展冬季项目。自2015年至2021年，全国开展的冬残奥会大项由2个拓展到6个，实现了比赛大项全覆盖；运动员由不足50人发展至近千人，技术官员从无到有发展到100多人。自2018年起，每年举办全国性冬残奥项目比赛，并纳入2019年和2021年全国残运会赛事。2016年以来，中国残疾人运动员参加冬残奥系列国际赛事，共获得47枚金牌、54枚银牌、52枚铜牌。中国将有96名运动员参加北京冬残奥会全部6个大项73个小项的比赛，与2014年索契冬残奥会相比，参赛运动员增加了80余名，参赛大项增加了4个、小项增加了67个。
3. Chinese athletes show growing strength in winter Paralympic sports. China’s successful bid for 2022 Paralympic Winter Games has generated great opportunities for the development of its Winter Paralympic sports. The country attaches great importance to the preparation for Winter Paralympics. It has designed and implemented a series of action plans, pressed ahead with sporting events planning, and coordinated the creation of training facilities, equipment support, and research services. It has organized training camps to select outstanding athletes, strengthened the training of technical personnel, hired capable coaches from home and abroad, established national training teams, and promoted international cooperation. All the six Winter Paralympic sports – Alpine Skiing, Biathlon, Cross-Country Skiing, Snowboard, Ice Hockey, and Wheelchair Curling – have been included in the NGPD, which pushed forward winter sports activities in 29 provinces and equivalent administrative units.
From 2015 to 2021, the number of Winter Paralympic sports in China increased from 2 to 6, so that all Winter Paralympic sports are now covered. The number of athletes increased from fewer than 50 to nearly 1,000, and that of technical officials from 0 to more than 100. Since 2018, annual national competitions for sporting events in Winter Paralympics have been held, and these sporting events were included in the 2019 and 2021 NGPD. Chinese parasports athletes have participated in the Winter Paralympic Games since 2016, and won 47 gold, 54 silver, and 52 bronze medals. In the Beijing 2022 Paralympic Winter Games, a total of 96 athletes from China will take part in all 6 sports and 73 events. Compared with the Sochi 2014 Paralympic Winter Games, the number of athletes will increase by more than 80, the number of sports by 4, and the number of events by 67.
4．残疾人运动员培养保障机制逐步完善。根据残疾人运动员的类别及适宜开展的体育项目，对残疾人运动员进行医学和功能分级，为残疾人运动员公平参与各类体育项目提供了前提和保障。建立完善县级发现选送、市级培养提高、省级集训参赛和国家重点培养四级联动的残疾人运动员业余训练体系，举办青少年选拔赛、训练营，加强后备人才培养。加强残疾人体育教练员、裁判员、分级员等专业人才队伍建设。加强残疾人体育训练基地建设，命名45个国家残疾人体育训练基地，为残疾人运动员竞赛、训练、培训、科研等提供保障和服务。各级政府采取措施，切实解决残疾人运动员就学、就业和社会保障问题，开展优秀运动员免试进入高校试点工作。制定《残疾人体育赛事活动管理办法》，促进残疾人体育赛事规范、有序发展。加强残疾人体育道德作风建设，严禁使用违禁药物和各种违规行为，维护残疾人体育比赛的公平、公正。
4. Mechanisms for athlete training and support are improving. In order to ensure fair competition, parasports athletes are classified medically and functionally according to their categories and the sports that are suitable for them. A four-tiered parasports athlete spare-time training system has been established and improved, in which the county level is responsible for identification and selection, the city level training and development, the provincial level for intensive training and games participation, and the national level for the training of key talent. Youth selection competitions and training camps have been organized for the training of reserve talent.
Greater efforts have been made to build a contingent of parasports coaches, referees, classifiers and other professionals. More parasports training bases have been built, and 45 national training bases have been nominated for parasports, providing support and services for research, training and competition. Governments at all levels have taken measures to address problems of education, employment and social security for parasports athletes, and to carry out pilot work for enrolling top athletes into higher learning institutions without examination. Measures for the Administration of Parasports Events and Activities have been issued to promote orderly and standard development of parasports games. Parasports ethics have been strengthened. Doping and other violations are forbidden so as to ensure fairness and justice in parasports.
