二、残疾人群众性体育活动广泛开展
II. Physical Activities for Persons with Disabilities Have Flourished文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/13059.html
文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/13059.html
中国将残疾人康复健身体育作为实施全民健身、健康中国、体育强国等国家战略的重要组成部分，开展全国性残疾人体育活动，改善体育服务，丰富活动内容，加强科研教育，残疾人群众性康复健身体育活动日益活跃。文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/13059.html
文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/13059.html
China regards rehabilitation and fitness activities for persons with disabilities as one of the main components in implementing its national strategies of Fitness-for-All, Healthy China initiative, and Building China into a Country Strong in Sports. By carrying out parasports activities across the whole country, enriching the content of such activities, improving sports services, and intensifying scientific research and education, China has encouraged the disabled to become more active participants in rehabilitation and fitness activities.文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/13059.html
文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/13059.html
1．残疾人体育活动丰富多彩。城乡基层残疾人康复健身体育活动因地制宜，活跃开展。通过推广社区残疾人康复健身体育项目、政府购买体育健身服务等方式，推动残疾人在基层社区开展体育健身和竞赛活动。全国残疾人社区文体活动参与率由2015年的6.8%持续提升至2021年的23.9%。各级各类学校组织残疾学生开展适合其特点的日常体育活动，创编推广排舞、啦啦操、旱地冰壶等适合残疾学生集体参与的运动项目。鼓励大中小学生参与特奥大学计划和融合活动等项目，动员医务工作者参与体育康复、运动员分级、特奥运动员健康计划等活动，组织体育工作者参与残疾人体育健身、竞赛训练等专业工作，为残疾人体育提供志愿服务。全国残疾人运动会设有康复健身类体育比赛项目。举办残疾人民间足球赛，设盲人、聋人、智力残疾人等多个组别。全国残疾人排舞公开赛参与队伍扩展至近20个省（区、市），越来越多的特殊教育学校将排舞项目列为大课间体育活动。文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/13059.html
文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/13059.html
1. Physical activities for persons with disabilities are flourishing. At community level, a variety of rehabilitation and fitness activities for persons with disabilities have been organized, adapted to local conditions in urban and rural China. To promote the participation of persons with disabilities in grassroots fitness activities and competitive sports, China has extended rehabilitation activities and fitness sports services to communities through government procurement. The participation rate in grassroots cultural and sports activities for persons with disabilities in China has spiraled, from 6.8 percent in 2015 to 23.9 percent in 2021.文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/13059.html
文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/13059.html
Schools at all levels and of all types have organized specially designed regular physical activities for their disabled students, and have promoted line dancing, cheerleading, dryland curling, and other group-based sports. College students and those in primary and secondary schools have been encouraged to participate in projects such as the Special Olympics University Program and in Special Olympics Unified Sports. Medical workers have been mobilized to engage in activities such as sports rehabilitation, para-athletics classification, and the Special Olympics Healthy Athletes program, and physical educators have been encouraged to participate in professional services such as physical fitness and sports training for the disabled, and to provide voluntary services for parasports.
China’s National Games for Persons with Disabilities have incorporated rehabilitation and fitness events. The National Football Games for Persons with Disabilities have been held with multiple categories for persons with visual or hearing impairments or intellectual disabilities. Teams participating in the National Line Dancing Open Tournament for Persons with Disabilities now come from around 20 provinces and equivalent administrative units. A growing number of special education schools have made line dancing a physical activity for their main recess.
2．全国性残疾人体育活动风生水起。各类残疾人每年定期参加“全国特奥日”“残疾人健身周”和“残疾人冰雪运动季”等全国性残疾人体育活动。自2007年起，每年7月20日开展“全国特奥日”活动，智力残疾人通过参加特奥运动，挖掘潜力、增强信心、融入社会。自2011年起，每年“全民健身日”所在周全国集中开展“残疾人健身周”活动，举办轮椅太极拳、柔力球、盲人足球等健身运动项目。残疾人通过参加康复健身体育赛事和活动，学习残疾人体育文化知识，开展体验运动项目，了解各种康复健身器材，展示和交流康复健身技能，增强了身体素质，陶冶了性情，激发了生活热情，培养了融入社会的自信。肢残人轮椅马拉松、盲人象棋交流挑战赛、全国聋人柔力球交流赛等赛事已成为全国性品牌活动。
2. Parasports events are carried out nationwide. Persons with disabilities regularly participate in national parasports events, such as the National Special Olympics Day, Fitness Week for Persons with Disabilities, and Winter Sports Season for Persons with Disabilities. Since 2007, China has been organizing activities to popularize National Special Olympics Day, which falls on July 20 every year. Participation in the Special Olympics has tapped into the potential of persons with intellectual disabilities, improved their self-esteem, and brought them into the community. Since 2011, around the National Fitness Day each year, China has been organizing nationwide parasports activities to mark the Fitness Week for Persons with Disabilities, during which events such as wheelchair Tai Chi, Tai Chi ball, and blind football games have been held.
Through participating in rehabilitation and fitness events and activities, persons with disabilities have become more familiar with parasports, begun to take part in sports activities, and learned to use rehabilitation and fitness equipment. They have had the opportunity to demonstrate and exchange rehabilitation and fitness skills. Greater fitness and a more positive mindset have inspired their passion for life, and they have become more confident about integrating into society. Events such as the Wheelchair Marathon for the Disabled, the Chess Challenge among Blind Players, and the National Tai Chi Ball Championships for Persons with Hearing Impairments have developed into national parasports events.
3．残疾人大众冰雪运动蓬勃发展。自2016年起，连续6年举办“残疾人冰雪运动季”，为残疾人参与冰雪运动搭建平台，带动残疾人融入“3亿人参与冰雪运动”。从首届开展的14个省级单位发展到现在的31个省（区、市）。各地因地制宜举办冬季残疾人体育活动，开展冬残奥项目体验、大众冰雪体育赛事、冬季康复健身训练营、冰雪嘉年华等形式多样、内容丰富的活动。创编和推广了迷你滑雪、旱地滑雪、旱地冰壶、冰蹴球、滑冰、冰橇、雪橇、冰上自行车、雪地足球、冰上龙舟、雪地拔河、冰河钓鱼等新颖有趣、深受残疾人喜爱的大众冰雪运动项目。通过编制发放《残疾人冬季体育健身项目和活动方法指导手册》等，为基层残疾人冬季体育健身提供服务和支持。
3. Winter sports for persons with disabilities are on the rise. Every year since 2016, China has hosted a Winter Sports Season for Persons with Disabilities, providing them with a platform to participate in winter sports, and fulfilling the Beijing 2022 bid commitment of engaging 300 million people in winter sports. The scale of participation has expanded from 14 provincial-level units in the first Winter Sports Season to 31 provinces and equivalent administrative units. Various winter parasports activities suited to local conditions have been held, allowing participants to experience Paralympic Winter Games events, and take part in mass-participation winter sports, winter rehabilitation and fitness training camps, and ice and snow festivals. A variety of winter sports for mass participation have been created and promoted, such as mini skiing, dryland skiing, dryland curling, ice Cuju (a traditional Chinese game of competing for a ball on the ice rink), skating, sledding, sleighing, ice bikes, snow football, ice dragon boating, snow tug-of-war, and ice fishing. These novel and fun sports have proved very popular among persons with disabilities. In addition, availability of winter sports and fitness services for persons with disabilities at community level, and technical support, have been improved with the promulgation of materials such as A Guidebook on Winter Sports and Fitness Programs for Persons with Disabilities.
4．残疾人康复健身体育服务不断改善。实施“自强健身工程”和“康复体育关爱工程”，促进残疾人康复健身。加强残疾人康复健身体育服务队伍建设，创编推广残疾人康复体育、健身体育项目和方法，研发推广康复体育、健身体育器材，丰富残疾人体育服务产品，推进社区残疾人健身体育和居家重度残疾人康复体育服务。《全民健身基本公共服务标准（2021年版）》等国家政策法规明确要求改善残疾人健身环境，要求公共体育设施免费或低收费向残疾人开放。截至2020年，全国残疾人健身示范点累计建设10675个，共培养、发展残疾人社会体育指导员12.5万名，为43.4万户重度残疾人提供了康复体育进家庭等服务。同时，面向经济欠发达地区和乡镇、农村地区给予重点支持，积极引导建设残疾人冬季健身活动服务站点。
4. Rehabilitation and fitness services for persons with disabilities keep improving. China has introduced a series of measures to engage persons with disabilities in rehabilitation and physical activities, and to cultivate rehabilitation and fitness service teams. These include: launching a Self-improvement Fitness Project and a Sports Rehabilitation Care Plan, developing and promoting programs, methodology and equipment for rehabilitation and fitness of the disabled, enriching sports services and products for persons with disabilities, and promoting community-level fitness services for them and home-based rehabilitation services for persons with severe disabilities.
The National Basic Public Service Standards for Mass Sports (2021 Edition) and other national policies and regulations stipulate that the fitness environment for persons with disabilities is to be improved, and require that they have access to public facilities free of charge or at reduced prices. As of 2020, a total of 10,675 disabled-friendly sports venues had been built nationwide, a total of 125,000 instructors had been trained, and 434,000 households with severely disabled people had been provided with home-based rehabilitation and fitness services. Meanwhile, China has actively guided the construction of winter sports facilities for persons with disabilities with the focus on supporting less developed areas, townships and rural areas.
5．残疾人体育教学科研取得进步。中国把残疾人体育纳入特殊教育和师范、体育教学计划，残疾人体育科研机构建设步伐加快，中国残疾人体育运动管理中心、中国残疾人事业发展研究会体育发展专业委员会以及多所高校成立的残疾人体育科研机构成为残疾人体育科研的重要力量。残疾人体育人才培养初步形成体系，部分高校开设残疾人体育相关选修课程，培养了一批残疾人体育专业人才。残疾人体育科研成果不断丰富。截至2021年，关于残疾人体育研究的国家社科基金项目累计超过20项。
5. Progress has been made in parasports education and research. China has incorporated parasports in special education, teacher training, and physical education programs, and has accelerated the development of parasports research institutions. China Administration of Sports for Persons with Disabilities, the Sports Development Committee of the China Disability Research Society, together with parasports research institutions in many colleges and universities, form the main force in parasports education and research. A system for cultivating parasports talent has taken shape. Some universities and colleges have opened selective courses on parasports. A number of parasports professionals have been cultivated. Considerable progress has been made in parasports research. As of 2021, more than 20 parasports projects were being supported by the National Social Science Fund of China.
