双语：关于2019年国民经济和社会发展计划执行情况与2020年国民经济和社会发展计划草案的报告

来源：新华网1阅读模式
摘要Full Text: Report on the Implementation of the 2019 Plan for National Economic and Social Development and on the 2020 Draft Plan for National Economic...

关于2019年国民经济和社会发展计划执行情况与2020年国民经济和社会发展计划草案的报告

REPORT ON THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE 2019 PLAN FOR NATIONAL ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT AND ON THE 2020 DRAFT PLAN FOR NATIONAL ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/9339.html

 文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/9339.html

——2020年5月22日在第十三届全国人民代表大会第三次会议上文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/9339.html

Delivered at the Third Session of the Thirteenth National People’s Congress on May 22, 2020文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/9339.html

 文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/9339.html

国家发展和改革委员会文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/9339.html

National Development and Reform Commission文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/9339.html

 文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/9339.html

各位代表：文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/9339.html

 文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/9339.html

Esteemed Deputies,

 

受国务院委托，现将2019年国民经济和社会发展计划执行情况与2020年国民经济和社会发展计划草案提请十三届全国人大三次会议审议，并请全国政协各位委员提出意见。

 

The National Development and Reform Commission has been entrusted by the State Council to deliver this report on the implementation of the 2019 plan and on the 2020 draft plan for national economic and social development to the Third Session of the 13th National People’s Congress (NPC) for your deliberation. The Commission also invites comments from members of the National Committee of the Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC).

 

一、2019年国民经济和社会发展计划执行情况

I. Implementation of the 2019 Plan for National Economic and Social Development

 

2019年，在以习近平同志为核心的党中央坚强领导下，各地区各部门以习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想为指导，深入贯彻党的十九大和十九届二中、三中、四中全会精神，增强“四个意识”、坚定“四个自信”、做到“两个维护”，全面贯彻落实党中央、国务院决策部署，认真执行十三届全国人大二次会议审议批准的《政府工作报告》、2019年国民经济和社会发展计划，落实全国人大财政经济委员会审查意见，坚持稳中求进工作总基调，深入贯彻新发展理念，坚持以供给侧结构性改革为主线，推动高质量发展，扎实做好“六稳”工作，统筹推进稳增长、促改革、调结构、惠民生、防风险、保稳定，全年经济社会发展主要目标任务较好完成，“十三五”规划主要指标完成进度符合预期，为全面建成小康社会打下决定性基础。

 

In 2019, under the strong leadership of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China (CPC) with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core, as well as the guidance of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, all regions and departments fully implemented the guiding principles of the 19th CPC National Congress and the second, third, and fourth plenary sessions of the 19th CPC Central Committee. We raised our consciousness of the need to maintain political integrity, think in big-picture terms, follow the leadership core, and keep in alignment; increased our confidence in the path, theory, system, and culture of socialism with Chinese characteristics; and resolutely upheld General Secretary Xi Jinping’s core position on the Party Central Committee and in the Party as a whole, and resolutely upheld the Party Central Committee’s authority and its centralized, unified leadership.

 

We faithfully executed the decisions and plans of the Party Central Committee and the State Council, implemented the Report on the Work of the Government and the 2019 Plan for National Economic and Social Development approved at the Second Session of the 13th NPC, and adopted the NPC Financial and Economic Affairs Committee’s suggestions based on its review of the 2019 plan. We followed the general principle of pursuing progress while ensuring stability, continued to apply the new development philosophy, advanced supply-side structural reform as our main task, pursued high-quality development, and took solid steps to ensure stability on six fronts.* We coordinated efforts to maintain stable growth, promote reform, make structural adjustments, improve people’s lives, guard against risks, and maintain stability.

 

(*The six fronts refer to employment, the financial sector, foreign trade, foreign investment, investment, and expectations.)

 

The main targets and tasks in economic and social development for the year were accomplished, and progress in achieving the main targets listed in the 13th Five-Year Plan (2016-2020) met our expectations. All of these successes laid a crucial foundation for completing the building of a moderately prosperous society in all respects.

 

（一）科学实施宏观调控，经济运行保持在合理区间。加强区间调控、定向调控、相机调控、精准调控，加强政策协调配合，强化预期管理，促进经济平稳健康发展。

 

1. We conducted well-conceived macro regulation and kept major economic indicators within an appropriate range.

 

We strengthened range-based, targeted, well-timed, and precision regulation, stepped up coordination between policies, and improved the management of expectations, thus promoting stable and healthy economic growth.

 

一是主要宏观指标完成情况良好。国内生产总值达到99.1万亿元，增长6.1%，符合预期目标。城镇新增就业1352万人，年末城镇调查失业率、城镇登记失业率分别为5.2%和3.62%。居民消费价格指数上涨2.9%。国际收支基本平衡，外汇储备保持在3万亿美元以上。

 

1) Major macroeconomic targets were achieved. 

 

China’s gross domestic product (GDP) reached 99.1 trillion yuan, an increase of 6.1%, which was consistent with the projected target. A total of 13.52 million urban jobs were created, and the year-end survey-based and registered urban unemployment rates were 5.2% and 3.62% respectively. The consumer price index (CPI) rose by 2.9%. A basic equilibrium was maintained with regard to the balance of payments, and foreign exchange reserves were kept at over US$ 3 trillion.

 

二是宏观政策逆周期调节有力有效。以减税降费为重点，积极的财政政策加力提效，财政支出结构持续优化，民生等重点领域资金需求得到有力保障。全国一般公共预算收入19.04万亿元，增长3.8%；全国一般公共预算支出23.89万亿元，增长8.1%；财政赤字2.76万亿元，与预算持平。全年减税降费2.36万亿元。合理扩大专项债券使用范围，加快专项债券发行使用。稳健的货币政策松紧适度，逆周期调节效果持续显现，信贷结构不断优化，对实体经济特别是小微企业、民营企业信贷投放力度进一步加大。年末广义货币（M2）余额增长8.7%，社会融资规模存量增长10.7%。更大力度实施就业优先政策，援企稳岗力度进一步加大，失业保险基金稳岗返还政策全面落实，高校毕业生、农民工、退役军人等重点群体就业总体保持稳定。

 

2) Counter-cyclical macro policy regulation proved to be effective. 

 

With the focus on cutting taxes and fees, we implemented a proactive fiscal policy with greater intensity and better performance, continued to improve the structure of government spending, and ensured sufficient funding for major areas such as the improvement of living standards.

 

Revenue in the national general public budget was 19.04 trillion yuan, an increase of 3.8%; expenditures totaled 23.89 trillion yuan, an increase of 8.1%; and the fiscal deficit was 2.76 trillion yuan, the same as the budgeted figure. Tax and fee reductions totaled 2.36 trillion yuan over the year. We appropriately expanded the range of uses for special local government bonds and quickened the pace of bond issuance.

 

We maintained a prudent monetary policy with an appropriate level of intensity. Counter-cyclical regulation continued to have an effect, and the credit structure continued to improve, while the credit supply to the real economy, particularly to micro and small businesses and private enterprises, was increased further. At the end of 2019, growth in the M2 money supply was 8.7%, and aggregate financing grew by 10.7%.

 

We made greater efforts to implement the policy of prioritizing employment, as well as the policy of refunding unemployment insurance premiums, and increased support for enterprises in keeping employment stable. A stable employment situation was generally maintained with regard to key groups such as college graduates, rural migrant workers, and demobilized military personnel.

 

（二）深入推进供给侧结构性改革，促进形成强大国内市场。坚持“巩固、增强、提升、畅通”八字方针，持续推进产业结构调整，着力畅通供需循环。

 

2. We moved forward with supply-side structural reform and promoted the formation of a strong domestic market.

 

We adhered to our principles of consolidating the gains made in the five priority tasks,  strengthening the dynamism of micro entities, upgrading industrial chains, and ensuring unimpeded flows in the economy. We consistently advanced industrial restructuring, and worked hard to keep circulation dynamic in order to ensure that market supply meets demand.

 

一是农业供给侧结构性改革深入推进。毫不放松抓好粮食生产，粮食总产量连续第5年保持在1.3万亿斤以上。启动重要农产品保障战略，实施大豆振兴计划。粮食生产功能区、重要农产品生产保护区基本划定。持续加强农田水利建设，完成8000万亩高标准农田和2000万亩高效节水灌溉任务。加强非洲猪瘟防控，加快恢复生猪生产，进一步完善蔬菜产供储销体系。完善粮食最低收购价政策和棉花目标价格政策，重要农产品收储制度和重要农资储备制度改革深入推进。农产品冷链物流仓储设施及冷链运输较快发展。农村产业融合发展持续推进，累计创建107个现代农业产业园、210个农村产业融合发展示范园。新型农业支持保护政策体系加快建立健全。

 

1) Supply-side structural reform in agriculture was advanced. 

 

We made sustained efforts to ensure sufficient grain production, maintaining total grain output at over 650 million metric tons for the fifth year in a row. We adopted a strategy for securing the supply of major agricultural products and implemented a scheme to revitalize the production of soybeans. Functional zones for grain production and protective areas for the production of major agricultural products were established. Farmland irrigation and water conservancy continued to improve, with the total area of high-quality cropland increasing by 5.33 million hectares and the total area of farmland covered by efficient water-saving irrigation increasing by 1.33 million hectares.

 

We continued our efforts to prevent and control African swine fever and accelerate the recovery of hog production, and improved the system for the production, supply, storage, and sale of vegetables.

 

We refined the policy for setting minimum prices for state grain purchases and the policy for guaranteeing base prices for cotton. We advanced reform of the system for the state purchase and storage of major agricultural products and the reserve system for important agricultural supplies. Cold-chain logistics and storage facilities for agricultural products witnessed rapid development.

 

We continuously promoted industrial integration in rural areas, resulting in the establishment of 107 modern agriculture industrial parks and 210 demonstration parks for integrated industrial development in rural areas. We also accelerated the formulation and improvement of a new policy framework to support and protect agriculture.

 

二是制造业转型升级步伐加快。出台推动制造业高质量发展政策措施，发布产业结构调整指导目录（2019年本）。运用市场化、法治化办法又淘汰煤炭落后产能1亿吨左右，稳妥推进钢铁企业兼并重组，推动重大石化项目建设。实施新一轮技术改造工程，推动中国标准地铁A型车等一批国产首台（套）技术装备示范应用。

 

2) Transformation and upgrading of manufacturing picked up pace. 

 

We rolled out policies and measures to promote high-quality development of the manufacturing sector and released the Catalog of Industrial Structural Adjustments (2019).

 

We continued to employ market- and law-based methods to cut outmoded coal production capacity by around 100 million metric tons, prudently moved forward with the merging and reorganization of steel enterprises, and implemented major petrochemical projects. We organized a new series of technological transformation projects, and promoted the demonstration and application of newly-developed equipment that was made in China such as Chinese standard type-A subway cars.

 

三是服务业高质量发展扎实推进。出台支持服务业高质量发展、传统服务行业改造升级等政策措施，大力培育新业态新模式，推动先进制造业和现代服务业深度融合发展，支持共性技术研发、工业设计、工业互联网等平台建设。

 

3) Solid steps were taken to promote high-quality development of the service sector. 

 

We introduced policies and measures on high-quality development of the service sector and transformation and upgrading of traditional service industries, stepped up the development of new forms and new models of business, and promoted the integrated development of advanced manufacturing and modern services.

 

We supported the development of platforms for generic technology R&D, industrial design, and the industrial internet.

 

四是支持实体经济降成本力度加大。制造业等行业增值税税率从16%降至13%，交通运输业、建筑业等行业从10%降至9%，实施小微企业普惠性税收减免，小规模纳税人增值税起征点由月销售额3万元提高到10万元。企业职工基本养老保险单位缴费比例高于16%的省份已全部降至16%，阶段性降低失业、工伤保险费率政策延续一年。深化利率市场化改革，社会综合融资成本明显降低。清理政府部门和国有企业拖欠民营企业、中小企业账款6647亿元。进一步压减政府定价经营服务性收费目录，减免部分行政事业收费并降低收费标准。一般工商业平均电价再降10%，全年降低企业用电成本846亿元。扩大电力直接交易规模，降低企业购电成本约790亿元。降低成品油、天然气门站价格和跨省管道运输价格，减轻用户负担约650亿元。取消和降低铁路、港口、民用机场部分收费，减轻企业负担100多亿元。

 

4) More support was provided to help reduce costs in the real economy. 

 

The rate of value added tax (VAT) was lowered from 16% to 13% in manufacturing and several other industries, and from 10% to 9% in industries such as transportation and construction. We implemented general-benefit tax cuts for micro and small businesses, raising the VAT threshold from 30,000 yuan to 100,000 yuan in monthly sales for small-scale taxpayers. We enabled all provincial-level regions to reduce the ratio of enterprise contributions to workers’ basic old-age insurance to 16%, and extended for another year the policy of temporary reduction of premiums for unemployment insurance and workers’ compensation. We deepened reforms to liberalize interest rates, with overall financing costs being notably reduced throughout society.

 

We settled overdue payments of 664.7 billion yuan owed by government departments and state-owned enterprises (SOEs) to private enterprises and small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). We further cut the number of items in the catalog of government-set business service fees, and cancelled or lowered some administrative charges.

 

The price of electricity for general industrial and commercial businesses was cut by another 10% on average, thus reducing electricity costs for businesses by 84.6 billion yuan for the year. We helped businesses save 79 billion yuan by enabling them to buy electricity directly from power generation companies.

 

We lowered the prices for refined oil products, natural gas city gate prices, and prices for natural gas transmission through trans-provincial pipelines, lightening the burden on consumers by approximately 65 billion yuan. Through rescinding or cutting railway charges, port charges, and civil airport charges, we helped reduce the burden on businesses by more than 10 billion yuan.

 

五是消费惠民新增长点不断拓展。出台加快发展流通促进商业消费、促进家政服务业提质扩容、激发文化和旅游消费潜力、促进全民健身和体育消费、促进“互联网+社会服务”发展等政策措施，加大对夜间消费的支持力度，鼓励汽车、家电、电子产品更新消费。电子商务进农村综合示范深入实施，农村地区快递网点超过3万个，乡镇覆盖率达96.6%。全年社会消费品零售总额突破40万亿元，增长8.0%。全国网上零售额达10.6万亿元，增长16.5%，其中实物商品网上零售额增长19.5%，占社会消费品零售总额的20.7%。成功举办2019年中国品牌日系列活动。

 

5) New growth areas in consumption that benefit the people continued to expand.

 

We introduced several policies and measures to speed up commodity distribution and facilitate consumption, to improve the quality and expand the size of the domestic services sector, to unlock consumption potential in the areas of culture and tourism, to encourage fitness and sports consumption, and to promote the development of “internet-plus social services.” We stepped up support for nighttime consumption, and encouraged the purchase of new automobiles, home appliances, and electronic products to replace old ones.

 

Comprehensive demonstrations for introducing e-commerce into rural areas were carried out. Express delivery depots in rural areas exceeded 30,000, thus covering 96.6% of all townships and towns.

 

Total annual retail sales of consumer goods exceeded 40 trillion yuan, an increase of 8.0%. Total online retail sales nationwide reached 10.6 trillion yuan, an increase of 16.5%, with sales of goods increasing by 19.5% and accounting for 20.7% of the total retail sales of consumer goods. We successfully organized a series of activities for the 2019 Chinese Brands Day.

 

六是重点领域有效投资合理扩大。发布实施《政府投资条例》，适当降低重点领域项目资本金比例。健全重大项目储备机制，积极推进专项债券项目建设。规范有序推进政府和社会资本合作（PPP），鼓励民间资本参与补短板重点领域建设。172项重大水利工程已累计开工144项。印发实施交通强国建设纲要。23个国家物流枢纽建设稳步推进。川藏铁路前期工作扎实推进，北京大兴国际机场建成投运，乌东德、白鹤滩等大型水电站加快建设。2019年底，铁路营业里程达13.9万公里，其中高速铁路3.5万公里，民用运输机场达235个，新增220千伏及以上电网里程3.4万公里，油气干线里程0.4万公里。全年固定资产投资（不含农户）增长5.4%，其中民间投资增长4.7%；投资结构持续优化，高技术产业投资和社会领域投资分别增长17.3%和13.2%。

 

6) We appropriately expanded effective investment in key areas.

 

We published the Regulations on Government Investment, and lowered, as appropriate, capital contribution requirements for projects in priority areas. We improved the reserve mechanisms for major projects, and actively promoted the construction of projects funded by special bonds. We carried out public-private partnership (PPP) projects in a well-regulated and orderly way, and encouraged the participation of non-governmental capital in key areas to shore up points of weakness. Out of 172 major water conservancy projects, construction has already begun on 144 projects.

 

The Plan for Developing China’s Strengths in Transportation was published. The construction of 23 national logistics hubs was steadily advanced. The preliminary work for the Chengdu-Lhasa railway progressed steadily. Beijing Daxing International Airport began operation. The construction of large hydropower stations such as Wudongde and Baihetan was accelerated.

 

By the end of 2019, the total length of in-service railways exceeded 139,000 kilometers, including 35,000 kilometers of high-speed rail lines, the number of civil airports in service totaled 235, the total length of power grids of 220 KV and above increased by 34,000 kilometers, and trunk oil and gas pipelines increased by 4,000 kilometers.

 

The fixed-asset investment for the year (excluding investment by rural households) rose by 5.4%, with investment from non-governmental sources growing by 4.7%, while the composition of investment witnessed a continuous improvement, with investment in high-tech industry and the social domain up 17.3% and 13.2% respectively.

 

（三）全力抓重点补短板解难题，三大攻坚战取得重大进展。精准脱贫成效显著，生态环境质量总体改善，金融风险有效防控。

 

3. We made an all-out effort to focus on key areas, address inadequacies, and solve challenging problems, with major progress being made in the three critical battles.

 

一是脱贫攻坚工作扎实推进。强化产业、就业、消费等扶贫，集中力量攻坚“三区三州”等深度贫困地区“两不愁三保障”突出问题。累计支持733万户建档立卡贫困户实施农村危房改造。累计建设易地扶贫搬迁安置区3.5万个、住房260余万套，可安置947万建档立卡易地扶贫搬迁人口，提前一年基本完成“十三五”规划建设任务。加大后续产业扶持和就业帮扶力度，定点帮扶等工作有力推进。全年农村贫困人口减少1109万，贫困县摘帽344个，贫困发生率降至0.6%。截至2019年底，97%现行标准的贫困人口实现脱贫，94%的贫困县实现摘帽，区域性整体贫困基本得到解决。

 

We made substantial progress in targeted poverty alleviation, secured an overall improvement in the quality of the environment, and effectively prevented and controlled financial risks.

 

1) We made solid progress in poverty alleviation.

 

We worked hard to eliminate poverty through the development of local industries and through boosting employment and consumption. We pooled resources to resolve outstanding issues with regard to ensuring adequate food and clothing, as well as access to compulsory education, basic medical services, and safe housing for poor rural populations in areas of extreme poverty such as the three regions and three prefectures.

 

We helped 7.33 million registered poor households renovate their dilapidated houses, and completed the construction of 35,000 resettlement areas, comprising more than 2.6 million units of housing that can accommodate 9.47 million registered poor people who have been relocated from inhospitable areas, thereby essentially completing the task set in the 13th Five-Year Plan one year ahead of schedule. We continued to increase follow-up industry-led support and employment assistance, and effectively advanced dedicated poverty alleviation efforts.

 

Over the course of the year, China’s rural poor decreased by an additional 11.09 million, with 344 counties having been lifted out of poverty and the poverty headcount ratio having dropped to 0.6%. By the end of 2019, 97% of rural residents living below the current poverty line having lifted themselves out of poverty, and 94% of poor counties having been removed from the poverty list. As a result, regional poverty was largely eradicated.

 

二是生态环境保护和污染防治有力推进。坚决打好蓝天、碧水、净土保卫战，细颗粒物（PM2.5）未达标地级及以上城市年均浓度下降2.4%，地表水质量达到或好于Ⅲ类水体比例为74.9%。非化石能源占能源消费比重达15.3%，提前一年完成“十三五”规划目标。启动第二轮中央生态环境保护例行督察。落实河长制湖长制。县级水源地生态环境问题整治基本完成，地级及以上城市黑臭水体消除近87%。坚定不移推进禁止洋垃圾入境，全国固体废物进口量减少40.4%。启动“无废城市”建设试点。加快实施排污许可制度。发布绿色产业指导目录（2019年版）。开展能源消耗总量和强度“双控”行动、国家节水行动、绿色生活创建行动。单位国内生产总值能耗下降2.6%，万元国内生产总值用水量下降6.1%。完善天然林保护制度，扩大退耕还林还草，实施荒漠化、石漠化综合治理。启动生态综合补偿试点。单位国内生产总值二氧化碳排放量降低4.1%。

 

2) We made strong headway in both environmental protection and pollution prevention and control.

 

We made solid progress in keeping our skies blue, our waters clear, and our land pollution-free. The annual average concentrations of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) decreased by 2.4% in the cities at and above prefecture level that fell short of the national standards. The proportion of surface water with a quality rating of Grade III or higher stood at 74.9%. The non-fossil fuel share of the total energy consumption reached 15.3%, with this target set in the 13th Five-Year Plan being met one year ahead of schedule.

 

The central government launched the second round of environmental inspections as scheduled. We put in place the system of river chiefs and lake chiefs. The environmental improvement of county-level water sources was essentially completed and nearly 87% of black, malodorous bodies of water in cities at or above prefecture level were cleaned up.

 

We strictly blocked illegal waste imports, and registered a year-on-year reduction of 40.4% in solid waste imports. We also carried out trials for a No-Waste Cities initiative.

 

We implemented the emissions permit system at a faster pace, and introduced the Catalog of Green Industries (2019). We launched initiatives to control both the total amount and the intensity of energy consumption, and to promote nationwide water conservation and eco-friendly lifestyles. Energy consumption per unit of GDP fell by 2.6%, and water consumption per 10,000 yuan of GDP dropped by 6.1%.

 

We improved the system for protecting natural forests, allowed more marginal farmland to return to forest and grassland, and took coordinated steps to control desertification and prevent the spread of stony deserts. We launched trials of comprehensive ecological compensation. Carbon dioxide emissions per unit of GDP decreased by 4.1%.

 

三是金融等领域重大风险得到有效防控。地方政府隐性债务和企业债务风险处置稳妥推进，宏观杠杆率过快上升势头得到遏制。影子银行无序发展得到有效治理，部分高风险金融机构特别是中小银行“精准拆弹”取得阶段性成果，互联网金融等涉众风险得到治理。金融市场运行平稳有序，外汇市场和人民币汇率总体稳定。金融监管制度进一步完善。

 

3) We effectively prevented and controlled major risks in the financial sector. 

 

We made steady efforts to defuse risks related to the hidden debts of local governments and the debts of enterprises, and succeeded in curbing excessively rapid growth of the macro-leverage ratio. We effectively addressed the disorderly growth of shadow banking, made significant progress in defusing risks in some high-risk financial institutions, particularly in small and medium-sized banks, and addressed the risks related to internet finance and other financial risks that impact a large number of people. The operations of the financial market were stable and orderly, and the foreign exchange market and the RMB exchange rate remained generally stable, while the financial regulatory system was further improved.

 

（四）深入实施创新驱动发展战略，科技创新能力进一步提升。不断深化科技体制改革，大力支持基础研究和应用基础研究，全国研究与试验发展经费投入强度达2.19%，科技进步贡献率提高到59.5%。

 

4. We pursued the innovation-driven development strategy and enhanced our capacity for scientific and technological innovation.

 

We deepened reform of the management system for science and technology, and intensified support for basic research and application-oriented basic research. China’s spending on R&D amounted to 2.19% of GDP, while the contribution made by advances in science and technology to economic growth hit 59.5%.

 

一是自主创新步伐加快。重大科技成果持续涌现，嫦娥四号成功在月球背面着陆，北斗三号全球系统核心星座部署全面完成，5G商用加速推出，长征五号遥三运载火箭成功发射，首艘国产航母“山东舰”正式列装。科技创新2030－重大项目和国家科技重大专项深入实施，高能同步辐射光源等一批国家重大科技基础设施开工建设。全面创新改革试验稳步推进，169项先行先试改革举措基本完成。北京、上海科技创新中心建设取得重要进展，粤港澳大湾区国际科技创新中心建设顺利起步。北京怀柔、上海张江、安徽合肥等综合性国家科学中心建设全面加速，大湾区综合性国家科学中心加快谋划建设。

 

1) The pace of independent innovation increased. 

 

We saw a constant stream of significant scientific and technological advances throughout the year: The Chang’e-4 lunar probe successfully landed on the far side of the moon; the deployment of the core constellation of the Beidou-3 global navigation system was completed; the launch of commercial 5G operations was brought forward; the Long March-5 Y3 carrier rocket was successfully launched; and China’s first domestically built aircraft carrier Shandong was commissioned.

 

We continued implementing major projects of the Sci-Tech Innovation 2030 Agenda and major national science and technology programs, and started construction on a number of major science and technology infrastructure projects such as the High Energy Photon Source.

 

We made steady progress in pilot reforms of comprehensive innovation, with 169 preliminary trials being completed.

 

Significant headway was made in turning Beijing and Shanghai into innovation centers for science and technology, and the initiative to develop the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area into an international science and technology innovation center got off to a smooth start. We expedited the construction of comprehensive national science centers in Huairou in Beijing, Zhangjiang in Shanghai, and Hefei in Anhui, along with the planning for another such center in the Greater Bay Area.

 

二是新动能加速培育。启动国家数字经济创新发展试验区建设。统筹推进重大信息化工程建设，实施一批“十三五”重大政务信息化工程。战略性新兴产业集群发展工程深入实施。

 

2) We stepped up our efforts to foster new drivers of growth. 

 

We started construction of a national pilot zone to boost the innovation-driven development of the digital economy. We coordinated efforts to advance major IT application projects, beginning with a number of major projects to build an IT-enabled government as required in the 13th Five-Year Plan. We also undertook projects for the development of clusters of strategic emerging industries.

 

三是创新创业创造活力持续增强。开展科研项目经费使用“包干制”和“绿色通道”改革试点。成功举办2019年全国双创活动周。截至2019年底，全国高新技术企业超过22.5万家，科技型中小企业超过15.1万家，分别增长约24%和15%。我国创新指数世界排名提升至第14位，企业数量日均净增1万户以上。

 

3) We continued to inspire enthusiasm for innovation, business startups, and creativity. 

 

We piloted the contract system for research project funding, along with the “green channel” program. We ensured the success of 2019 National Entrepreneurship and Innovation Week. By the end of 2019, more than 225,000 new- and high-tech enterprises and more than 151,000 small and medium-sized sci-tech businesses had been established across the country, with a year-on-year increase of approximately 24% and 15% respectively. China rose to 14th place in the Global Innovation Index 2019, with an average of at least 10,000 new businesses being registered per day in 2019.

 

（五）落实落细重大战略，城乡区域发展协调性不断增强。推动乡村振兴和区域发展重大战略落地见效，着力提升新型城镇化质量，努力缩小城乡区域发展差距。

 

5. We thoroughly and effectively implemented major strategies and achieved higher levels of coordination between urban and rural development and the development of different regions.

 

We promoted effective implementation of key strategies regarding rural revitalization and coordinated regional development, improved the quality of new urbanization, and reduced the disparities in development between rural and urban areas and between regions.

 

一是乡村振兴战略加快实施。乡村振兴战略规划确定的重大工程、重大计划和重大行动启动实施。乡村旅游、休闲农业等新业态不断涌现。持续推进农药化肥减量增效，加快推进农作物秸秆、畜禽粪污资源化利用。农村水电路等条件显著改善，农业农村污染治理攻坚战全面展开，农村人居环境整治加快推进。乡村文化建设和乡村治理深入推进。

 

1)We stepped up the implementation of the rural revitalization strategy.

 

Work began on the major projects, plans, and actions defined in the Strategic Agenda for Rural Revitalization. Rural areas saw the continuous emergence of new forms of business, including rural tourism and farm-based recreation.

 

We continued to promote reduced yet more efficient use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides. Efforts to recycle resources from livestock and poultry waste and crop straw were stepped up.

 

With notable improvements in rural roads and water and power supply and the full launch of the campaign to control pollution in agriculture and in rural areas, the improvement of rural living environments was accelerated. Efforts to develop rural culture and improve rural governance were intensified.

 

二是新型城镇化质量稳步提高。建立健全城乡融合发展体制机制的政策措施印发实施。1000多万农业转移人口落户城镇，1亿非户籍人口在城市落户工作取得重大进展，全国常住人口城镇化率达60.60%，户籍人口城镇化率达44.38%。中心城市和城市群人口集聚能力逐步提升，都市圈建设有序推进，特大镇设市取得突破，特色小镇发展进一步规范。

 

2) The quality of new urbanization was steadily increased.

 

We carried out policies and measures for building sound institutions and mechanisms for integrated urban-rural development.

 

Over 10 million people from rural areas were granted urban residency, constituting significant progress toward the goal of granting urban residency to 100 million people without local household registrations. The percentage of permanent urban residents reached 60.60%, while the percentage of registered urban residents reached 44.38%.

 

The ability of principal cities and city clusters to attract people to them gradually increased, and modern metropolitan areas grew in an orderly fashion. Breakthroughs were made in elevating very large towns to cities, while the development of towns with distinct features was further regulated.

 

三是区域协调发展新机制加快构建。支持西部大开发、东北振兴、中部崛起、东部率先的政策体系更加完善。京津冀协同发展有力有序推进，雄安新区转入施工建设阶段。长江经济带生态环境突出问题整改和生态环境污染治理成效显著。粤港澳大湾区建设规划政策体系进一步完善。长三角区域一体化发展规划纲要印发实施，生态绿色一体化发展示范区启动建设。黄河流域生态保护和高质量发展规划纲要启动编制。老少边贫等特殊类型地区加快振兴发展，对口支援有力推进。海洋经济发展示范区建设全面启动。

 

3) We accelerated the development of new mechanisms for coordinated regional development.

 

Policy frameworks for supporting the development of the western region, the revitalization of northeast China, the rise of the central region, and the spearhead development of the eastern region were further improved.

 

Steady and substantial progress was made in promoting the coordinated development of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region, with construction starting on Xiongan New Area. Positive results were achieved with regard to addressing prominent environmental issues in the Yangtze Economic Belt. The policies for the development of the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area were further refined. The Plan for Integrated Development of the Yangtze River Delta was published, and construction began on a demonstration zone for eco-friendly development in the delta. We began drafting the plan for the ecological conservation and high-quality development of the Yellow River basin.

 

We stepped up work on revitalizing and developing regions with unique features such as old revolutionary base areas, areas with large ethnic minority populations, border areas, and impoverished areas. One-to-one assistance programs were also scaled up. Widespread construction efforts began on demonstration zones for developing the marine economy.

 

（六）全面推进市场化改革，市场主体活力进一步激发。坚持和完善社会主义基本经济制度，重点领域、关键环节改革全面推进。

 

6. We promoted market-oriented reforms and further energized market entities.

 

We upheld and improved the basic socialist economic system, and made significant progress with regard to reform of key areas and sectors.

 

一是营商环境持续优化。“放管服”改革向纵深推进，《优化营商环境条例》颁布，构建中国营商环境评价体系，在全国41个城市开展营商环境评价。印发市场准入负面清单（2019年版），清单事项压减至131项。规范投资审批行为，投资审批“一网通办”水平不断提高。工程建设项目审批环节继续精简。部门联合“双随机、一公开”监管逐步推行，“互联网+监管”事项清单加快制定，全国信用信息共享平台功能和服务不断完善，以信用为基础的新型监管机制加快构建。全国一体化政务服务平台上线试运行，金融信用信息数据库服务网络覆盖全国。

 

1) The business environment was further optimized.

 

We further pushed forward with reforms to streamline administration and delegate power, improve regulation, and upgrade services. The Regulations on Improving the Business Environment were promulgated, demonstrating the efforts China is making to build a business environment evaluation system. We carried out business environment evaluations in 41 cities nationwide.

 

The Negative List for Market Access (2019) was published and the number of items listed was reduced to 131. We worked to ensure that investment approval is conducted in line with relevant procedures, and is accessible online. The approval procedures for construction projects were further simplified.

 

Interdepartmental oversight conducted through the random selection of both inspectors and inspection targets and the prompt release of results was rolled out incrementally. We accelerated the formulation of the list of items for the Internet Plus Oversight initiative. The functions and services of the national platform for sharing credit information were improved. We also accelerated the setting up of a new, credit-based oversight mechanism.

 

A national online platform for government services was launched on a trial basis. The nationwide network for financial credit information database services was set up.

 

二是混合所有制改革、产权保护、激发保护企业家精神等改革联动推进。第四批160户混合所有制改革试点启动实施。加强产权和知识产权保护，甄别纠正涉产权冤错案件取得重要突破，涉政府产权纠纷问题专项治理行动有序开展。出台支持民营企业改革发展、促进中小企业健康发展的政策措施，建立健全企业家参与涉企政策制定机制。

 

2) Reforms in the areas of mixed ownership, the protection of property rights, and the nurturing of entrepreneurial spirit were pushed forward in a coordinated manner.

 

Pilot reforms of mixed ownership were carried out in the fourth group of 160 SOEs. We strengthened the protection of property and intellectual property rights and made breakthroughs in reviewing and correcting wrongly adjudicated cases involving property rights. Steady progress was made in dedicated campaigns to address property rights disputes involving the government.

 

The policies and measures for supporting reform and development of private enterprises and promoting healthy development of SMEs were promulgated. A sound mechanism for entrepreneurs to participate in enterprise-related policy formulation was established.

 

三是要素市场化配置改革加快落地。制定促进劳动力和人才社会性流动体制机制改革意见。修订证券法，设立科创板并试点注册制，改革完善贷款市场报价利率（LPR）形成机制。扩大高校和科研院所科研相关自主权，开展赋予科研人员职务科技成果所有权或长期使用权试点，构建技术转移服务体系。修订土地管理法、城市房地产管理法，建设用地使用权转让、出租、抵押二级市场进一步完善，工业用地多方式出让和市场供应体系更加健全。

 

3) We stepped up reforms for the market-based allocation of factors of production. 

 

We formulated guidelines on institutional reform to promote the social mobility of labor and talent.

 

We revised the Securities Law, set up the Science and Technology Innovation Board and launched trials for a registration-based IPO system, and reformed and improved the loan prime rate (LPR) mechanism.

 

We gave greater say to research institutes and universities with regard to their research, piloted the practice of granting researchers ownership of or permanent use rights over scientific and technological output at work, and set up a service system for technology transfer.

 

The Land Administration Law and the Urban Real Estate Administration Law were revised. The secondary markets for the transfer, leasing, and mortgage of use rights for land for construction purposes were further improved, while the systems for the sale of land designated for industrial purposes through various means and for ensuring adequate market supply of such land were made more robust.

 

四是重点领域改革深入推进。国家石油天然气管网集团有限公司组建成立。全面放开石油天然气上游勘查开采准入。出台教育、科技、交通运输等领域中央与地方财政事权和支出责任划分改革方案。电力交易市场化程度进一步提高，增量配电业务改革和电力现货市场建设试点稳步推进。深化燃煤发电上网电价形成机制改革，风电和光伏上网电价改革、农业水价综合改革、交通运输价格改革有序推进。改制成立中国国家铁路集团有限公司和中国邮政集团有限公司。行业协会商会与行政机关脱钩改革全面推开。

 

4) Reforms in key areas were deepened.

 

The China Oil & Gas Piping Network Corporation was founded. We opened up markets for upstream oil and gas exploration and exploitation.

 

Reform measures for dividing fiscal authority and spending responsibilities between central and local governments in the areas of education, science and technology, and transportation were rolled out.

 

More and more electricity transactions were market-based, and steady progress was made in reforms to raise the number of electricity distributors as well as in trials for the spot trading of electricity. The reform of the price-setting mechanism for on-grid electricity from coal-fired power plants, the pricing reform of on-grid electricity generated from wind power and photovoltaic power, the comprehensive reform of the pricing of water used in agriculture, and price reform in the transportation industry were all steadily advanced.

 

The China State Railway Group Co., Ltd. and the China Post Group Co., Ltd. were established by means of restructuring. In addition, reforms for cutting links between industry associations and chambers of commerce and the government were carried out across the board.

 

（七）持续深化高水平开放，开放型经济新格局加快构建。对外开放向更大范围、更宽领域、更深层次全面推进，国际经济合作和竞争新优势加快培育。

 

7. We continued to expand high-level opening up and worked faster to develop an open economy.

 

We promoted opening up across more sectors and in a more thorough fashion, and stepped up efforts to develop new strengths in international economic cooperation and competition.

 

一是共建“一带一路”扎实推进。第二届“一带一路”国际合作高峰论坛成功举办。累计与138个国家和30个国际组织签署200份共建“一带一路”合作文件。中巴经济走廊等建设进展顺利。雅万高铁、中老铁路、瓜达尔港等重大项目取得积极进展，中俄东线天然气管道投产通气。与法国、英国、日本等14个国家建立第三方市场合作机制。“一带一路”绿色发展国际联盟正式启动，“数字丝绸之路”“丝路电商”建设合作有序推进。中欧班列累计开行突破2万列，通达欧洲18个国家的57个城市，综合重箱率达94%。西部陆海新通道总体规划印发实施。

 

1) Joint efforts to advance the Belt and Road Initiative made solid headway.

 

We successfully held the second Belt and Road Forum for International Cooperation. China has so far signed 200 cooperation agreements with 138 countries and 30 international organizations for jointly advancing the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI).

 

Smooth progress was achieved in the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor and other projects. Active progress was made in key projects such as the Jakarta-Bandung high-speed line, the China-Laos rail line, and Gwadar port. The China-Russia east-route natural gas pipeline began operating. We established mechanisms for third-party market cooperation with 14 countries, including France, the United Kingdom, and Japan.

 

The BRI International Green Development Coalition was launched. Steady progress was made in developing the Digital Silk Road and Silk Road E-Commerce.

 

China-Europe freight train services registered a total of over 20,000 trips, incorporating 57 cities in 18 European countries, and the ratio of loaded containers reached 94%. The General Plan for New Land-Sea Transit Routes for the Western Region was published.

 

二是外贸发展稳中提质。推进贸易高质量发展的指导意见印发实施。第二届中国国际进口博览会成功举办。区域全面经济伙伴关系协定（RCEP）谈判取得重大进展。对欧盟、东盟以及“一带一路”沿线国家进出口保持较快增长，集成电路等高附加值产品及知识密集型服务出口保持快速增长。新设24个跨境电商综合试验区，市场采购贸易方式试点、服务贸易创新发展试点扎实推进，综合保税区等海关特殊监管区域发展质量进一步提升。

 

2) Foreign trade saw stable, higher-quality growth.

 

We carried out the Guidelines on Promoting High-Quality Development of Trade. We successfully hosted the second China International Import Expo. Significant progress was made in the negotiations on the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP). Imports and exports between China and the EU and ASEAN countries, and between China and other BRI countries both grew rapidly. The export of high-value-added products such as the integrated circuits and knowledge-intensive services continued to see rapid growth.

 

We built an additional 24 integrated experimental zones for cross-border e-commerce, and steadily advanced trials of the market procurement trade methods as well as trials for the innovative development of the trade in services. We also raised the quality of development with regard to special customs regulation zones such as integrated bonded areas.

 

三是利用外资水平持续提升。外商投资法及实施条例出台实施。进一步扩大鼓励外商投资范围，鼓励外资投向制造业和生产性服务业，支持中西部地区承接外资产业转移。全国和自贸试验区外资准入负面清单分别缩减至40条、37条。放宽在华外资金融机构持股比例和业务范围限制，扩大金融市场双向开放。推进国家级经济技术开发区创新提升。完善企业外债备案登记管理，加强重点行业外债风险防范。全年实际使用外商直接投资1381亿美元。

 

3)The utilization of foreign capital continuously increased. 

 

The Foreign Investment Law and the regulations regarding its implementation were enacted. We boosted efforts to attract investment in a broader range of sectors, and to encourage foreign investment in the manufacturing sector and producer services. We supported the relocation of foreign-invested industries to the central and western regions.

 

The two editions of the 2019 negative list for foreign investment, one concerning the whole country and the other concerning pilot free trade zones, were reduced to 40 and 37 items respectively. The restrictions on the shareholding ratio and the scope of operations of foreign-invested financial institutions in China were relaxed, expanding the bidirectional opening up of the financial market.

 

We promoted innovation and upgrading of state-level economic and technological development zones. We improved the management of foreign-debt registration for enterprises, and strengthened efforts to guard against foreign debt risks in key industries. China’s utilized foreign investment totaled US$ 138.1 billion over the year.

 

四是自贸试验区建设取得积极成效。增设上海自贸试验区临港新片区，新设山东等6个自贸试验区，实现沿海省份全覆盖，并首次在沿边地区布局。向全国复制推广自贸试验区49项制度创新成果，累计复制推广223项。海南自由贸易港建设加快推进。

 

4) Positive results were achieved in developing pilot free trade zones.

 

We expanded the Shanghai Pilot Free Trade Zone by setting up a Lin’gang Special Area, and established an additional six pilot zones including one in Shandong, thus having established pilot free trade zones in all coastal provincial-level regions and in border areas for the first time. We applied 49 institutional innovation practices of free trade zones across the country in 2019, bringing the total number of such practices to 223. The Hainan Free Trade Port saw rapid development.

 

五是境外投资平稳发展。实施企业境外经营合规管理指引，中国装备、技术、标准和服务稳步“走出去”，全年非金融类境外直接投资1106亿美元。人民币跨境融资渠道逐步拓宽，人民币国际化有序推进。

 

5) Outward investment grew steadily.

 

We implemented the Guide on Compliance Management for Enterprises’ Overseas Operations, as Chinese equipment, technology, standards, and services made steady progress in “going global.” Non-financial outward direct investment reached US$ 110.6 billion in 2019. We expanded channels for cross-border financing of the RMB and advanced the internationalization of the RMB in an orderly manner.

 

（八）着力保障和改善民生，人民群众获得感幸福感安全感不断提升。坚持以人民为中心的发展思想，保障人民群众尤其是困难群众的基本生活，让各项惠民举措落到实处。

 

8. We worked to safeguard and improve the people’s wellbeing, ensuring that our people lead happier, more satisfying, and more secure lives.

 

Remaining committed to a people-centered philosophy of development, we worked to ensure that basic living needs are met, especially for those most in need, and that the policies for improving living standards are implemented in full.

 

一是稳就业促增收力度加大。落实就业优先政策，出台实施进一步做好稳就业工作意见。强化重点群体和就业困难人员帮扶，全方位完善公共就业服务，拓展劳动者流动就业空间。全年使用失业保险基金向115万户企业发放稳岗返还552亿元，惠及职工7290万人；向126万人次失业保险参保职工发放失业保险技能提升补贴20亿元，从失业保险基金结余中拿出逾1000亿元支持职业技能提升行动，超额完成补贴职业技能培训1500万人次以上的目标任务。深入推行终身职业技能培训制度，职业技能公共实训基地建设持续加强。多措并举促进居民增收，努力增加劳动者特别是一线劳动者劳动报酬，居民人均可支配收入超过3万元。

 

1) We stepped up efforts to keep employment stable and promote growth in incomes.

 

We implemented the employment-first policy, and issued guidelines on further ensuring stable employment. We provided stronger support for key groups and people having difficulties finding jobs, improved public employment services in a comprehensive manner, and facilitated the free flow of employees so that they have more job opportunities.

 

In 2019, 55.2 billion yuan from unemployment insurance funds was refunded in order to help 1.15 million enterprises maintain stable employment, benefiting 72.9 million employees. A total of 2 billion yuan of upskilling subsidies in 1.26 million payments from the unemployment insurance funds was distributed to insured workers, while over 100 billion yuan from the surplus in unemployment insurance funds was spent on upskilling programs, and the yearly target of providing 15 million training places was surpassed. We also rolled out a system for life-long vocational skills training, and continued to augment the development of public vocational training centers.

 

We used a combination of measures to increase personal incomes, strived to increase the salaries of workers, especially those working on the front lines of production, and carried out oversight and inspections on the resolution of the wage arrears problem. Per capita disposable personal income exceeded 30,000 yuan.

 

二是社会保障体系进一步完善。基本养老保险覆盖人数达9.68亿人，企业职工基本养老保险基金中央调剂比例从3%提高到3.5%，退休人员基本养老金稳步提高。划转部分国有资本充实社保基金工作全面推开。城乡居民医疗保险和大病保险制度更趋完善，医疗保障扶贫、医保药品目录调整等工作扎实推进。通过工伤保险为194万工伤职工及供养亲属提供待遇保障。全年有461.2万失业人员领取到不同期限的失业保险金，平均每人每月1393元，保障水平稳步提高。稳步推进低保制度城乡统筹，健全低保标准动态调整机制，全面实施特困人员救助供养制度。推进城镇老旧小区改造，城镇棚户区改造开工316万套，大中城市住房租赁市场加快培育。

 

2) The social security system was further improved.

 

A total of 968 million people are now covered by basic old-age insurance schemes. We raised the centrally-regulated share of enterprise employees’ basic old-age insurance funds from 3% to 3.5%, and steadily increased basic pension benefits for enterprise retirees.

 

We carried out the work to transfer a portion of state capital into social security funds nationwide. We further improved the basic medical insurance and serious disease insurance systems for rural and non-working urban residents, and made solid strides in guaranteeing medical insurance for poor people and in adjusting the catalog of medicines covered by medical insurance.

 

Worker’s compensation benefits were paid out to 1.94 million employees who have suffered work-related injuries and their dependents. We increased unemployment insurance benefits steadily. In 2019, 4.612 million unemployed people received unemployment benefits for varying durations, totaling 1,393 yuan per person per month on average.

 

We made steady progress in establishing a unified system for subsistence allowances in rural and urban areas, improved the dynamic adjustment mechanism for subsistence allowance standards, and ensured that the system for providing assistance and basic necessities to people in extreme poverty was fully implemented.

 

We promoted the renovation of old residential communities in cities and towns, began renovations on 3.16 million units of housing in run-down urban areas, and rapidly developed the housing rental market in large and medium-sized cities.

 

三是公共服务补短板强弱项提质量深入推进。国家财政性教育经费支出占国内生产总值比例继续超过4%，对困难地区和薄弱环节教育投入力度不断加大，九年义务教育巩固率达94.8%，高中阶段教育毛入学率达89.5%，高等教育毛入学率超过50%，高职院校扩招100万人目标顺利完成，分层分类开展国家产教融合建设试点。健康中国行动启动实施，区域医疗中心建设试点稳步开展，药品集中采购和使用试点积极推进，促进中医药传承创新发展的意见印发实施。推进养老服务发展的政策体系更加完善。妇女儿童权益保障工作不断加强，规范托育机构设置和管理，促进3岁以下婴幼儿照护服务发展。食品、药品等重点领域监管不断加强。基本公共文化服务均等化水平不断提高。长城、大运河、长征国家文化公园建设统筹推进。加大对全民健身中心等项目建设支持力度，冬奥会场馆建设有序推进。国家积极应对人口老龄化中长期规划印发实施。年末总人口达14.0005亿人，人口自然增长率3.34‰。

 

3) Significant progress was made in addressing inadequacies in public services, shoring up points of weakness, and enhancing the quality of service.

 

Government budgetary spending on education continued to exceed 4% of GDP. We continued to increase funding for education in poor areas and weak sectors. The retention rate in nine-year compulsory education hit 94.8%, while the gross enrollment ratio for senior secondary education reached 89.5%, and the gross enrollment ratio for higher education exceeded 50%, with the goal of increasing student enrollments in vocational colleges by 1 million being achieved. We launched trials of a national initiative for integrating industry and vocational education of different types at different levels.

 

We launched the Healthy China initiative, advanced trials for the development of regional medical service centers, and promoted trials for centralizing the procurement and use of medicines. We published the Guidelines on Preserving, Innovating, and Developing Traditional Chinese Medicine.

 

We further refined policies for developing elderly care services. We continued to strengthen the protection of the rights and interests of women and children, regulated the establishment and management of childcare and early childhood education agencies, and promoted the development of care services for children under the age of three.

 

We continued to strengthen regulation in key areas such as the food and drug sectors. Access to basic public cultural services became more equitable, and the development of the Great Wall, Grand Canal, and Long March national cultural parks was pushed forward in a coordinated manner.

 

We offered greater support for building public fitness centers. Construction of stadiums and gymnasiums for the 2022 Winter Olympics proceeded in an orderly way.

 

The National Medium- and Long-Term Plan on Population Aging was published. The country’s total population at the end of 2019 reached 1.40005 billion, with a natural population growth rate of 3.34‰.

 

从2019年经济社会发展情况看，经济增长、就业、物价、国际收支等主要指标以及创新驱动、资源节约、环境保护、民生保障等领域指标完成情况良好。约束性指标中，受钢铁、建材、有色、化工等行业生产以及服务业保持较快增长等多种因素影响，单位国内生产总值能耗降低指标实际下降2.6%，低于3%左右的计划目标，但该指标2016－2019年的累计降幅已完成“十三五”规划目标任务的87.1%，符合进度要求。预期性指标中，第一产业增加值、社会消费品零售总额、一般公共预算收入和城镇居民人均可支配收入指标的实际运行值与预期值存在一定差距。第一产业增加值预期目标为“增长3.5%左右”，实际增长3.1%，主要原因是猪肉等一些农产品产量出现较大幅度下降，猪肉产量下降21.3%。社会消费品零售总额预期目标为“增长9.0%左右”，实际增长8.0%，主要原因是汽车、家电等传统消费增速放缓，其他消费新增长点尚在培育中。一般公共预算收入预期目标为“增长5.0%”，实际增长3.8%，主要原因是为支持实体经济发展，减税降费规模超过预期。城镇居民人均可支配收入增速预期目标为“与经济增长基本同步”，实际增长5.0%，低于国内生产总值6.1%的增速，主要原因是受城镇居民经营净收入和财产净收入增速有所放缓、物价涨幅高于上年等因素影响。

 

In assessing economic and social development in 2019, major targets for economic growth, employment, CPI, and the balance of payments, as well as targets concerning innovation, resource conservation, environmental protection, and people’s wellbeing were satisfactorily met.

 

Due to the rapid growth of steel, building materials, non-ferrous metals, chemicals, and the service sector, one of the obligatory targets—energy consumption per unit of GDP saw an actual reduction of only 2.6%, falling short of the projected target of around 3%. However, the total reduction from 2016 to 2019 achieved a completion rate of 87.1% for the target set in the 13th Five-Year Plan period, and thus was in line with the scheduled reduction for this period.

 

Of the anticipatory targets, the value-added of primary industry, total retail sales of consumer goods, general government revenue, and urban per capita disposable income all fell short of expectations.

 

The projected growth in value-added of primary industry was around 3.5%, but the actual increase was only 3.1%. The main reason for this was the sharp decline in the output of pork and some other agricultural products, with a 21.3% reduction in pork output.

 

The expected growth for total retail sales of consumer goods was approximately 9.0%, but actual growth was only 8.0%. This was mainly due to the fact that there was a slowdown in the growth of traditional forms of consumption like automobiles and home appliances. Other new growth areas in consumer spending are still awaiting development.

 

General government revenue was projected to grow by 5.0%, but actually grew by only 3.8%, due to the larger-than-expected tax and fee cuts made to support the development of the real economy.

 

Urban per capita disposable income was set to grow essentially in step with economic growth, but the actual growth rate was 5.0%, which was lower than the 6.1% growth in GDP. This was mainly due to a slowdown in the growth of urban residents’ net incomes from business and property as well as larger price rises compared to the previous year.

各位代表：

 

Esteemed Deputies,

 

今年以来，突如其来的新冠肺炎疫情对我国经济社会发展带来巨大冲击。这次疫情是新中国成立以来我国遭遇的传播速度最快、感染范围最广、防控难度最大的公共卫生事件。面对疫情带来的严峻考验，习近平总书记亲自指挥、亲自部署，迅速成立中央应对疫情工作领导小组，向湖北派出中央指导组，充分发挥国务院联防联控机制作用，始终把人民群众生命安全和身体健康放在第一位。在以习近平同志为核心的党中央坚强领导下，各地区、各部门认真贯彻党中央、国务院决策部署，全国上下众志成城、守望相助，按照坚定信心、同舟共济、科学防治、精准施策的总要求，迅速打响了疫情防控的人民战争、总体战、阻击战。

 

This year, the sudden outbreak of covid-19 has heavily impacted China’s economic and social development. This epidemic is the fastest-spreading, largest in scale, and most challenging public health emergency China has faced since the founding of the People’s Republic.

 

In the face of this serious challenge, General Secretary Xi Jinping has personally taken charge and planned our response. A Central Committee leading group for responding to the epidemic was quickly established and a central guidance team was dispatched to Hubei Province. The role of joint prevention and control mechanism under the State Council was given full play. The health and safety of the people have, right from the beginning, been our top priority in fighting the epidemic.

 

Under the firm leadership of the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core, all regions and departments conscientiously implemented the decisions and plans of the Party Central Committee and the State Council, and the whole country was united as one and ready to assist those in need. In accordance with the general requirement to stay confident, come together in solidarity, adopt a science-based approach, and take targeted measures, China quickly declared an all-out people’s war against the epidemic.

 

全力以赴做好疫情防控救治工作。举全国之力支援湖北省、武汉市主战场，组织4万多名医护人员驰援，迅速建成火神山、雷神山等集中收治医院和方舱医院，着力提高收治率和治愈率、降低感染率和病亡率。开展联防联控和群防群控，各省（区、市）相继启动重大突发卫生事件一级响应，组织干部力量下沉抓好社区防控，引导各类社会组织、专业社会工作者和志愿服务力量依法有序参与疫情防控和社会服务。扎实做好医疗物资保障和生活必需品保供稳价工作，快速实现口罩等医疗防护物资、医疗救治设备、医治床位从严重短缺到基本满足疫情防控需要；千方百计保障粮油与肉禽蛋菜奶等食品的市场供应和价格基本稳定。强化疫情防控科技攻关，短时间内研发快速检测试剂并大规模应用，坚持中西医结合，坚持“四集中”，尽最大可能挽救更多患者生命。针对境外疫情扩散蔓延，加强输入性风险防控，做好对境外我国公民关心关爱，开辟临时航线有序接回我国在外困难人员，积极推进疫情防控国际合作，加强与世界卫生组织合作，向出现疫情扩散的国家和地区提供力所能及的帮助。

 

An all-out effort was made to control the epidemic and treat patients. 

 

The efforts of the entire nation were marshaled in support of Wuhan and the rest of Hubei, the country’s main battleground: more than 40,000 medical personnel were sent to help; specialized hospitals like Huoshenshan and Leishenshan and temporary hospitals for centralized treatment were completed with extraordinary speed; and vigorous efforts were made to raise the hospital admission and cure rates and bring down the infection and mortality rates.

 

A joint mechanism and an all-of-society framework for prevention and control were set up. One after another, provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities activated level-one responses to this major public health emergency. Officials were dispatched to communities to ensure effective epidemic control there, while social organizations of all kinds, specialized social workers, and volunteers received the guidance they required to provide epidemic control and social services in accordance with law and in an orderly manner.

 

We worked solidly to ensure the adequate supply of medical materials and stabilize the supply and prices of daily necessities. We quickly ramped up the production of facemasks and other medical protective materials and medical equipment, and added more hospital beds, thereby basically meeting epidemic control needs. We did everything possible to ensure the supply and stable prices of grain, cooking oil, and other foods such as meat, eggs, vegetables, and milk.

 

With the intensification of scientific research into epidemic prevention and control, rapid testing kits were quickly developed and employed on a wide-scale basis. Both traditional Chinese medicine and Western medicine were utilized and patients, experts and resources were concentrated in designated facilities to provide treatment, in an attempt to save as many lives as possible.

 

Responding to the rapid spread of the epidemic around the world and guarding against imported risks, the Chinese government provided care and support for overseas Chinese nationals and arranged temporary flights to bring back to China in an orderly fashion those individuals facing difficulties abroad.

 

In promoting international epidemic control cooperation, China strengthened cooperation with the World Health Organization (WHO), and has provided as much assistance as it can to countries and regions hit by the epidemic.

 

统筹推进疫情防控和经济社会发展工作。分区分级有序推动复工复产复市复业。在有效防控疫情的前提下，积极帮助解决企业用工、物流、资金和原材料、零部件供应问题，全力保障城乡道路、公共交通畅通，加强对中小微企业和个体工商户的应急纾困服务，推动产业链上下游、大中小企业协同复工复产。截至4月底，规模以上工业企业复工率、员工到岗率分别达到99.4%和94.3%。加强投资项目远程审批服务，做好用工、土地、资金、用能、环评等方面保障，及时帮助解决重大项目复工遇到的堵点难点问题。及时推出一系列对冲纾困政策。在去年已提前下达2020年地方政府专项债券额度1.29万亿元的基础上，进一步增加提前下达限额1万亿元。加大减税降费力度，阶段性减免小规模纳税人增值税，阶段性减免企业社保费、缓缴住房公积金，降低企业用电用气成本等，一季度减税降费规模超过7000亿元。实施3次普遍降准、定向降准，新增1.8万亿元再贷款再贴现额度，进一步强化对中小微企业的普惠性金融支持措施。对中小微企业贷款实施延期还本付息。出台促进消费扩容提质加快形成强大国内市场的政策措施，延长新能源汽车购置补贴和免征车辆购置税政策年限。同时，及时解读形势和政策，积极回应社会关切，稳定市场主体发展信心。抓好春季农业生产。保障种子、化肥、农药、农机等生产供应，春耕春播进展顺利，早稻播种面积预计达7100万亩，冬小麦、冬油菜长势良好，着力解决畜牧水产养殖饲料供应和部分农产品滞销等困难。凝心聚力推进脱贫攻坚。加快推进易地扶贫搬迁安置区配套设施、扶贫车间、农村饮水安全、以工代赈等脱贫攻坚项目开工复工，积极挖掘公益岗位潜力，促进贫困人口就地就近就业，优先组织贫困劳动力返城返岗和外出务工，对因疫情返贫致贫人员及时落实帮扶措施。强化保居民就业和民生兜底。充分发挥失业保险基金援企稳岗作用，扩大国有企业招收、硕士研究生招生、专升本、大学生应征入伍数量规模，通过“点对点”运输等方式引导农民工有序返岗复工。组织全国大中小学有序开展线上教学。对受疫情影响的困难群众实施救助帮扶，及时启动社会救助和保障标准与物价上涨挂钩联动机制，阶段性提高补贴标准、扩大覆盖范围。

 

Coordinated efforts were made to curb the spread of the epidemic and promote economic and social development. 

 

Resumption of business and production was carried out in an orderly manner in different regions according to local conditions. With the precondition of the epidemic under effective control, active assistance was provided to enterprises to help them solve the problems they faced with regard to labor, logistics, funding, and the supply of raw materials and spare parts. Every effort was made to ensure the operation of urban and rural roads and public transportation services, and emergency assistance was provided to micro, small, and medium-sized enterprises and to self-employed individuals. These measures have helped enterprises of all sizes both up- and down-stream resume business and production in a coordinated manner. By the end of April, 99.4% of large industrial enterprises had resumed production, and 94.3% of their employees had returned to work. We strengthened online approval of investment projects, ensured support for these projects in terms of labor, land use, funding, energy use, and environmental impact assessment, and acted promptly to help solve the problems major projects faced in resuming construction.

 

A range of policies were rolled out in a timely manner to offset the impact of the epidemic. In addition to the 1.29 trillion yuan of local government special bonds to be issued in 2020 that the central government had already approved in advance last year, a further 1 trillion yuan was approved. In scaling up tax and fee cuts, we reduced or exempted VAT on small-scale taxpayers on a time-limited basis, reduced or waived enterprises’ social insurance premiums and allowed them to delay their contributions to the housing provident fund at the current stage, and lowered both power and gas costs for enterprises. These measures resulted in more than 700 billion yuan of tax and fee reductions in the first quarter of 2020. We made three general and targeted cuts to required reserve ratios, increased quotas for relending and rediscounts by 1.8 trillion yuan, and strengthened inclusive financial support for micro, small, and medium-sized enterprises. Delayed repayment was allowed for the loans of micro, small, and medium-sized businesses. We introduced policies and measures to expand and upgrade consumption and to boost a robust domestic market, and further extended the policies on purchase subsidies and purchase tax exemption for new-energy vehicles. We took prompt steps to explain the situation and our policies, actively responded to public concerns, and maintained the confidence of market entities.

 

Agricultural production proceeded smoothly in the spring. With sufficient production and supply of seeds, chemical fertilizers, pesticides, and agricultural machinery, plowing and sowing progressed smoothly. The area that will be sown with early rice is predicted to total 4.73 million hectares and the winter wheat and winter canola crops are growing well. We worked hard to resolve inadequate supply of feed required for livestock and aquaculture farming and difficulties faced in the sale of some agricultural products that were having difficulties finding buyers.

 

Concerted efforts were made in poverty reduction. We moved quickly to ensure the resumption or start of work on poverty reduction projects, such as those to develop infrastructure in resettlement areas for people relocated from inhospitable areas, poverty-reduction workshops, projects to ensure safe drinking water in rural areas, and work-relief programs. We made the most of public-welfare posts in creating jobs, helped people in poverty find jobs in their hometowns or nearby areas, gave priority to assisting workers struggling with poverty in returning to their jobs in cities or finding jobs in other places, and quickly enacted measures to provide support and assistance for those who sink back or fall into poverty due to the epidemic.

 

Efforts were redoubled to help stabilize employment and ensure people’s basic living needs were met. We made full use of the unemployment insurance funds to support enterprises in keeping employment stable. Recruitment into SOEs, enrollment of graduate students, admission of junior college graduates into undergraduate education, and enlistment of undergraduates into the military were scaled up. Home-to-work transportation services were provided to help rural migrant workers return to their posts, and schools and colleges were organized to carry out online teaching throughout the country, both in an orderly fashion. In providing assistance to people facing financial difficulties due to the epidemic, we continued the practice of increasing social security assistance and benefit payments in step with price rises, and increased benefits and expanded assistance coverage for the current period.

 

经过全党全国上下艰苦卓绝的努力，武汉保卫战、湖北保卫战取得决定性成果，疫情防控阻击战取得重大战略成果，统筹推进疫情防控和经济社会发展工作取得积极成效。实践再次证明，中国共产党领导和我国社会主义制度、我国国家治理体系具有强大生命力和显著优越性，能够战胜任何艰难险阻，能够为人类文明进步作出重大贡献。

 

Through the arduous efforts of the entire Party and the whole nation, our country has secured a decisive victory in the battle to protect Wuhan and Hubei Province, achieved a major strategic result in containing the epidemic, and made positive progress in coordinating continued prevention and control efforts with economic and social activities.

 

These achievements once again fully demonstrate the strong vitality and great strengths of the CPC’s leadership, of our system of socialism, and of our state governance system, which will enable us to surmount any difficulty and make a significant contribution to human civilization and progress.

 

同时，我们也清醒认识到，尽管我国疫情得到有效控制，但境外疫情快速扩散蔓延，世界经济出现严重衰退，不确定不稳定因素显著增多，我国经济运行面临巨大挑战。从国际看，疫情对全球产业链供应链形成较大冲击，国际金融市场剧烈震荡，单边主义、贸易保护主义抬头，国际经贸规则面临挑战，地缘政治风险仍然较高，这些都会加大我国发展的外部风险。从国内看，境外疫情输入压力加大，经济发展特别是产业链供应链恢复面临新的挑战。一是内外需求下降导致经济循环受阻。居民非必需品消费等因疫情冲击受到严重抑制，汽车等大宗商品消费大幅下滑，消费增长受到制约。由于企业经营困难加大、订单减少，加之地方投资能力受限，投资增长面临较大困难。受外需持续疲弱和全球供应链中断影响，稳外贸稳外资压力明显加大。二是行业企业运行困难较多。企业利润大幅下降，特别是生活性服务业受疫情冲击最大，不少中小微企业出现资金链断裂、停产关闭等情况，存在局部地区、部分行业中小微企业破产增多的可能。三是公共卫生和应急体系短板凸显。疾病预防控制管理体系不完善，新发传染病监测预警和应对能力不足，县镇村公共卫生基础设施相对薄弱，重要物资国家储备体系尚不健全。四是科技创新能力短板仍较突出。研发投入强度与建设创新型国家的要求相比尚需提高，有利于科技创新的深层次制度障碍还没有破除，关键核心技术受制于人的状况尚未根本改观。五是重点领域改革仍需加力。由市场决定要素价格机制仍有待健全。需持续在国企国资、财税金融、营商环境、民营经济、扩大内需、城乡融合等重点改革领域攻坚克难。六是重点领域风险有所集聚。外部输入性风险上升，信用违约风险可能加大，部分中小金融机构风险较高。受疫情影响，各级财政防控支出增加、税收收入减少，一些地方基层财政运转困难。七是社会民生领域面临较大挑战。稳岗稳就业难度加大，高校毕业生等重点群体就业压力明显攀升，一些地方失业再就业难度加大。部分劳动者工资收入降低，居民增收难度加大。剩余贫困人口脱贫任务艰巨，深度贫困地区实现“三保障”面临不少新的挑战。生态环境治理仍然存在短板和薄弱环节。养老、托育、教育等公共服务体系与人民群众期待相比还存在明显差距。同时，我们在工作中也还存在一些不足，比如，疫情防控政策协调协同还不够，有的政策存在碎片化、条块化问题，有的政策措施落实还不够到位，有的领域治理手段和治理能力有待优化和加强，工作中还存在形式主义、官僚主义等问题。

 

At the same time, we must be keenly aware that although the epidemic has been brought under effective control at home, it is still spreading rapidly in other countries. The world economy is heading toward a serious recession, and instabilities and uncertainties are clearly increasing, while China has major challenges to address in pursuing economic development.

 

Internationally, covid-19 is severely impacting the global industrial and supply chains, while the international financial market is experiencing growing volatility. Unilateralism and protectionism are increasing, international economic and trade rules are being challenged, and geopolitical risks remain relatively high. All this will increase external risks to China’s development.

 

Domestically, China is under great pressure in preventing covid-19 from entering from other countries and has new challenges to overcome before its economy and industrial and supply chains can recover.

 

First, decline in domestic and foreign demand has led to impeded flows in the economy. Consumption of non-necessities was squeezed due to the impact of the epidemic, and the consumption of automobiles and other big-ticket items fell sharply. In short, growth in consumer spending has been checked. Businesses are experiencing growing difficulties in operations and receiving fewer orders. Added to this are the limitations on investments by local governments, and the result is great difficulty in increasing investment. Due to the sluggish foreign demand and the broken global supply chains, we are under increasing pressure to ensure stable foreign trade and stable foreign investment.

 

Second, the situation is challenging for some enterprises and industries. The value-added of corporate profits dropped sharply. Consumer services were worst-affected. Many micro, small, and medium-sized enterprises are experiencing breaks in their capital chains and have therefore had to suspend or shut down production, and it is likely that more such enterprises in some localities and industries will have no choice but to declare bankruptcy.

 

Third, there are pronounced weaknesses in our public health and emergency response systems. Our management institutions for disease prevention and control need to be further improved. Our capacity for the monitoring over, early warning of, and response to new infectious diseases needs to be enhanced. Public health infrastructure in counties, towns, and villages needs to be strengthened. Our national reserve system for important supplies also needs to be further improved.

 

Fourth, our capacity for scientific and technological innovation is still not robust. Our R&D spending falls short of what is required to turn China into a country of innovators, while deep-seated institutional barriers to scientific and technological innovation have yet to be removed, and our country still has to depend on others for core technologies in key fields.

 

Fifth, reforms in key sectors need to be strengthened. Mechanisms still need to be improved so that factors of production are priced by the market. Continued efforts will be made to overcome challenges with regard to key reforms such as those involving SOEs and state-owned assets, the fiscal, tax, and financial systems, the business environment, the private sector, the expansion of domestic demand, and integrated urban-rural development.

 

Sixth, risks are accumulating in some key sectors. Externally-generated risks are on the rise, credit default risks may increase, and risks for some small and medium-sized financial institutions are relatively high. Government at all levels face higher prevention and control expenditures and smaller tax revenues due to the covid-19 outbreak, and some county-level governments are even facing difficulties in their financial operations.

 

Seventh, there are prominent problems that need to be addressed to ensure people’s wellbeing. It has become more challenging to stabilize employment, and we are facing mounting pressure to generate employment for college graduates and other key groups and increasing difficulties with regard to creating jobs for unemployed people in some places. It has also become more difficult to increase incomes, and some workers find their salary incomes decreasing.

 

We face a formidable task in lifting those still living below the poverty line out of poverty. Areas of extreme poverty face new challenges in ensuring compulsory education, basic medical services, and safe housing for residents living below the poverty line.

 

There are also weak areas and deficiencies to address in ecological conservation and environmental governance. Public service systems, such as those for old-age services, childcare, and education, fall short of the expectations of the general public.

 

In addition, there are still areas of improvement in our work. For instance, our policies on epidemic control need to be better coordinated, with some still functioning in a fragmented or isolated manner. Some policies need to be better implemented. Our methods of governance and capacity in some areas need to be improved and strengthened. Pointless formalities and bureaucratism still exist in the performance of our work.

 

在看到困难和挑战的同时，我们更要看到，疫情的冲击和影响都是阶段性的、总体可控的，改变不了我国发展潜力大、韧性强、经济长期向好的基本面。危与机同生并存，克服了危即是机。在以习近平同志为核心的党中央坚强领导下，有中国特色社会主义制度的显著优势，有强大的动员能力和雄厚的综合实力，有全党全军全国各族人民的团结奋斗，我们一定能够战胜这场疫情，也一定能够保持我国经济社会良好发展势头，确保完成决战决胜脱贫攻坚的目标任务，全面建成小康社会。

 

While noting these difficulties and challenges, we must recognize that the shocks and impacts of covid-19 on China are short-term and manageable, and that the fundamentals of the Chinese economy, with its strong potential and great resilience, remain favorable for long-term growth. With challenges also come opportunities, and challenges can turn into opportunities if dealt with well.

 

Under the firm leadership of the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core, with the manifest strengths of the system of socialism with Chinese characteristics, along with our strong ability to mobilize all sectors of society, China’s formidable comprehensive strength, and the concerted efforts of the Party, the military, and the people of all our ethnic groups, we will be able to defeat this epidemic, and we are also certain to maintain good momentum in our country’s economic and social development, realize the goal of eradicating poverty, and achieve moderate prosperity.

二、2020年经济社会发展总体要求、主要目标和政策取向

II. Overall Requirements, Main Objectives, and Policy Directions for Economic and Social Development in 2020

 

2020年是全面建成小康社会和“十三五”规划收官之年，要实现第一个百年奋斗目标，为“十四五”发展和实现第二个百年奋斗目标打好基础，做好经济社会发展工作十分重要。

 

The year 2020 is the final year for completing the building of a moderately prosperous society in all respects and for concluding the 13th Five-Year Plan. Our economic and social development work this year will take on added importance, as we seek to complete the first Centenary Goal and to lay a good foundation for progress on the 14th Five-Year Plan and the second Centenary Goal.

 

（一）总体要求。

 

1. Overall Requirements

 

要在以习近平同志为核心的党中央坚强领导下，以习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想为指导，全面贯彻党的十九大和十九届二中、三中、四中全会精神，坚决贯彻党的基本理论、基本路线、基本方略，增强“四个意识”、坚定“四个自信”、做到“两个维护”，紧扣全面建成小康社会目标任务，统筹推进疫情防控和经济社会发展工作，在疫情防控常态化前提下，坚持稳中求进工作总基调，坚持新发展理念，坚持以供给侧结构性改革为主线，坚持以改革开放为动力推动高质量发展，坚决打好三大攻坚战，加大“六稳”工作力度，保居民就业、保基本民生、保市场主体、保粮食能源安全、保产业链供应链稳定、保基层运转，坚定实施扩大内需战略，维护经济发展和社会稳定大局，确保完成决战决胜脱贫攻坚目标任务，全面建成小康社会。

 

Under the strong leadership of the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core, we must follow the guidance of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, implement in full the guiding principles of the Party’s 19th National Congress and the second, third, and fourth plenary sessions of its 19th Central Committee, and firmly act on the Party’s basic theory, line, and policy.

 

We must strengthen our consciousness of the need to maintain political integrity, think in big-picture terms, follow the leadership core, and keep in alignment with the central Party leadership; enhance our confidence in the path, theory, system, and culture of socialism with Chinese characteristics; and uphold General Secretary Xi Jinping’s core position on the Party Central Committee and in the Party as a whole, and uphold the Central Committee’s authority and its centralized, unified leadership.

 

As we focus on the objectives and tasks for completing the building of a moderately prosperous society in all respects, we need to coordinate the prevention and control of covid-19 with the task of economic and social development. While ensuring regular prevention and control efforts, we must stay committed to the general principle of pursuing progress while ensuring stability and to the new development philosophy. Keeping supply-side structural reform as the main task, we need to draw on the impetus of reform and opening up to promote high-quality development.

 

We need to secure progress in the three critical battles and step up efforts to ensure stability on six fronts and maintain security in six areas.* We need to firmly pursue the strategy of expanding domestic demand, ensure economic development and social stability, and make sure that we accomplish the targets and tasks for winning the battle against poverty and bring to completion the building of a moderately prosperous society in all respects.

 

(*The six areas refer to job security, basic living needs, operations of market entities, food and energy security, stable industrial and supply chains, and the normal functioning of primary-level governments.)

 

具体工作中，必须增强底线思维，做好应对各种复杂局面的思想准备和工作准备，深刻认识“六稳”和“六保”是内在统一的，“六保”是今年“六稳”工作的着力点，守住“保”的底线，稳住经济基本盘，进而以保促稳、稳中求进，就能为全面建成小康社会夯实基础。要围绕“六保”加大宏观政策实施力度，落实好已出台应急纾困政策，根据形势变化及时推出新的对冲政策，兜住民生底线。同时，必须紧盯主要目标，讲究策略方法，做到应对外部风险和克服内部挑战相结合、解决当前问题和化解长期矛盾相结合、有效市场和有为政府相结合、尽力而为和量力而行相结合，善于化危为机，确保党中央、国务院决策部署落到实处、见到实效。

 

In carrying out specific tasks, we need to remain mindful of worst-case scenarios and fully prepare ourselves, both mentally and in our work, for the occurrence of all possible scenarios. It is important to fully appreciate the inherent unity between ensuring stability on the six fronts and maintaining security in the six areas. We must focus on maintaining security in the six areas in order to ensure stability on the six fronts. By doing so, we will be able to keep the fundamentals of the economy stable. Maintaining security will deliver the stability needed to pursue progress, thus laying a solid foundation for accomplishing our goal of building a moderately prosperous society in all respects.

 

With a focus on maintaining security in the six areas, we need to intensify the implementation of macro policies. We will ensure full implementation of the policies we have already announced to tackle pressing problems and difficulties, and roll out new counter policies in light of new developments, so that we are able to ensure that people’s basic needs are met.

 

At the same time, we must focus on our main objectives, employ well-conceived tactics and methods, and ensure that we can respond to external risks and meet domestic challenges, solve both short-term and long-standing problems, and give full play to the role of market and better leverage the role of government. We must do everything within our capacity, be adept at turning challenges into opportunities, and make sure that the decisions and plans of the Party Central Committee and the State Council are put into action and achieve real results.

 

（二）主要预期目标。

 

2. Main Objectives

 

按照上述总体要求和工作思路，本着尊重经济规律和实事求是的原则，综合考虑国际与国内、当前与长远、需要与可能，提出2020年经济社会发展主要预期目标：

 

In accordance with the afore-mentioned requirements and considerations, and adhering to objective economic laws and a pragmatic and realistic approach, we have taken into account our international and domestic imperatives, our present and long-term needs, and what is required and what is possible, and have set the following main objectives for economic and social development in 2020.

 

——优先稳就业保民生，坚决打赢脱贫攻坚战，努力实现全面建成小康社会目标任务。主要考虑：全球疫情和经贸形势不确定性很大，我国发展面临一些难以预料的影响因素，不对经济增长目标作量化要求，有利于引导各方面继续认真贯彻落实党中央、国务院决策部署，针对当前面临的主要矛盾、困难、问题，将工作重心放在落实“六保”任务和推动经济高质量发展上。同时，今年不提经济增速量化指标，并不意味着不要经济增长，保居民就业、保基本民生，完成脱贫攻坚既定目标任务、实现全面建成小康社会，以及防范化解各类风险，都要有经济增长作为支撑。

 

  • Giving top priority to stabilizing employment and ensuring living standards, winning the battle against poverty, and working to achieve the objectives and tasks for moderate prosperity

 

Our main considerations in setting this goal were as follows: China will face some factors in its development that are difficult to predict due to the great uncertainty regarding the covid-19 pandemic and the world economic and trade environment. Not setting a quantified target for economic growth this year will allow all sectors to continue implementing the decisions and plans of the Party Central Committee and the State Council and keep the focus of work on the six areas of security and pursuing high-quality growth, so that we can solve the main problems and difficulties facing us at the present moment. At the same time, not quantifying the economic growth target does not mean that we will not pursue economic growth. Efforts to ensure employment and basic living needs, eliminate poverty, achieve moderate prosperity, and forestall and defuse risks all need to be supported by economic growth.

 

——城镇新增就业900万人以上，全国城镇调查失业率和城镇登记失业率分别为6%左右和5.5%左右。主要考虑：关于城镇新增就业总量，受疫情冲击和经济下行压力加大影响，城镇新增就业压力明显攀升，但考虑到新成长劳动力在城镇就业的需求量，保持相当规模的就业增量是必要的、也是必须的，也体现就业优先政策导向。关于失业率，尽管疫情对就业影响还会持续一段时间，但我们有信心有能力防范化解大规模失业风险，做好稳就业工作。

 

  • Over 9 million new urban jobs, a surveyed national urban unemployment rate of approximately 6%, and a registered urban jobless rate of around 5.5%

 

In setting these objectives, our main considerations were:

 

Regarding the target for new urban jobs, the shocks caused by covid-19, as well as mounting downward pressure on the economy, mean that the pressure on the creation of urban jobs has grown significantly. However, given the level of employment demand among new entrants to the workforce in the cities, it is not only necessary but essential to maintain a considerable level of job growth, and this also embodies our jobs-first policy orientation.

 

With regard to unemployment rates, although the impact of the epidemic is likely to persist for some time to come, we have the confidence and the ability to forestall and defuse risks of large-scale job losses and thus keep employment stable.

 

——居民消费价格涨幅为3.5%左右。主要考虑：2019年居民消费价格上涨的翘尾影响较大，受疫情影响，2020年还有一些新的涨价因素，价格总体上涨压力仍然较大；同时，3.5%左右的预期目标也兼顾了稳定市场预期的需要。

 

  • A CPI increase of approximately 3.5%

 

In setting this objective, we have taken into account the following factors: Consumer price increases from 2019 are exerting a significant carryover effect on prices this year, while the adverse impact of the epidemic has added some new inflationary factors, with the upward pressure on prices remaining relatively high. In projecting a CPI increase of around 3.5%, we have also taken into account the need to keep market expectations stable.

 

——居民收入增长与经济增长基本同步。主要考虑：与全面建成小康社会的目标要求相衔接，更好满足人民日益增长的美好生活需要，更好体现以人民为中心的发展思想。同时，随着乡村振兴战略深入实施、促进居民增收的政策措施逐步落地，2020年实现居民收入增长预期目标是有支撑的。

 

  • Personal income growth that is basically in step with economic growth

 

This objective is based on the following considerations: It is compatible with the goal of building a moderately prosperous society in all respects, and it will better serve our people’s growing need for a better life and embody the people-centered development philosophy. Moreover, with implementation of the rural revitalization strategy making progress and policies and measures to boost personal incomes gradually taking effect, this year’s target for personal income growth is an attainable one.

 

——进出口促稳提质，国际收支基本平衡。主要考虑：2020年外贸增长难度较大，既要努力促进外贸稳定发展、稳定市场预期和企业信心，也要加快培育外贸竞争新优势，推动外贸高质量发展。

 

  • More stable and higher-quality imports and exports and a basic equilibrium in the balance of payments

 

Our primary considerations for this objective are: Given the relative difficulty of maintaining growth in foreign trade in 2020, we not only need to strive to promote steady growth in foreign trade and keep market expectations and business confidence stable, but also must move quickly to develop new competitive strengths and encourage high-quality development of foreign trade.

 

——单位国内生产总值能耗和主要污染物排放量继续下降，努力完成“十三五”规划目标任务。主要考虑：虽然到2019年底已完成“十三五”规划确定的单位国内生产总值能耗降低15%目标任务的87.1%，但今年任务仍然十分繁重，特别是疫情对经济增速的影响可能大于对能源消费总量增速的影响，完成规划目标任务需要付出艰苦努力。

 

  • A further drop in energy consumption per unit of GDP and discharge of major pollutants, with major efforts being made to fulfill the targets and tasks in the 13th Five-Year Plan

 

By the end of last year, we had achieved 87.1% of the 15% reduction in energy consumption per unit of GDP set out in the 13th Five-Year Plan. However, the tasks for this year remain formidable, particularly as the impact of the epidemic on economic growth is likely to be greater than the impact on total energy consumption. Much hard work will be required in order to achieve the target.

 

（三）主要政策取向。

 

3. Main Policy Directions

 

为实现上述目标，需要充分估计疫情对世界经济的冲击影响，在精准施策的前提下，加大宏观政策调节和实施力度，加强宏观政策协调配合，着力稳经济保民生，防止短期冲击演变成趋势性变化。

 

To achieve the above-mentioned objectives, it is imperative that we make an adequate assessment of the shocks and impact of covid-19 on the global economy, adopt a targeted approach in intensifying macro policy regulation and implementation, strengthen coordination and mutual support between macro policies, and work to keep economic growth stable and guarantee living standards, with a view to preventing short-run shocks from turning into long-term trends.

 

——积极的财政政策要更加积极有为。2020年财政赤字率拟按3.6%以上安排，财政赤字规模比去年增加1万亿元；中央财政发行抗疫特别国债1万亿元，不计入财政赤字。上述两项措施新增的资金全部给地方，主要用于保居民就业、保基本民生、保市场主体以及支持减税降费、减租降息、扩大消费和投资等。大力优化财政支出结构，坚决压减一般性支出，严禁新建楼堂馆所，严禁铺张浪费，同时保持扶贫、义务教育、基本养老、基本医疗、城乡低保等民生支出只增不减。统筹用好中央财政以前年度结转资金，用于支持完成全面建成小康社会任务、克服疫情对经济的影响、“十四五”规划重点项目等。对于财政受疫情影响较大的地方，加大转移支付力度，保基本民生、保工资、保运转。

 

We will pursue a more proactive and impactful fiscal policy. 

 

The 2020 deficit-to-GDP ratio is projected at more than 3.6%, with the deficit increased by 1 trillion yuan over last year; the central government will issue 1 trillion yuan of covid-19 bonds this year, which will not be included in the deficit. All these newly increased funds will be transferred in full to local governments to be predominantly used to ensure job security, basic living standards, and the operations of market entities and to support efforts to cut taxes and fees, reduce rental and loan interests, spur consumption, and increase investment.

 

We will make every effort to optimize the composition of government spending, firmly cut general expenditures, strictly prohibit construction of new government buildings and wasteful and excessive spending, and pledge to increase spending on ensuring people’s wellbeing, including funds for poverty alleviation, compulsory education, basic old-age insurance, basic medical insurance, and urban and rural subsistence allowances. Overall planning will be carried out to use funds carried over from previous years to support efforts to achieve moderate prosperity, overcome the impact of the epidemic on the economy, and carry out major projects in the 14th Five-Year Plan. We will increase transfer payments to local governments whose revenues have been badly affected by the epidemic in order to ensure basic living needs, the payment of salaries, and the normal government functioning.

 

——稳健的货币政策要更加灵活适度。引导广义货币供应量（M2）和社会融资规模存量增速明显高于去年。综合运用公开市场操作、降息、降准、再贷款、再贴现等工具，保持流动性合理充裕，引导贷款利率进一步下行，带动企业综合融资成本明显下降。延长中小微企业贷款延期还本付息政策，对普惠小微贷款努力做到应延尽延，对部分困难较大的大中型企业协商延期。创新直达实体经济的货币政策工具，提供应急融资支持。引导金融机构加大对中小微企业的信贷投放力度，鼓励发放普惠小微信用贷款。保持人民币汇率在合理均衡水平上的基本稳定，保持外汇储备规模合理适度。做好金融稳定和风险处置工作，守住不发生系统性风险的底线。

 

  • We will pursue a prudent monetary policy in a more flexible and appropriate manner.

 

We will guide considerably faster growth in the M2 money supply and aggregate financing in the economy than that achieved last year. We will use a combination of tools, such as open market operations, interest rate cuts, required reserve ratio reductions, re-lending, and rediscounts, to maintain reasonably sufficient liquidity and guide loan interest rates in continuing moving downward, in an effort to reduce the overall financing costs of businesses.

 

We will continue the policy of allowing micro, small, and medium-sized enterprises to defer their loan repayments; this policy will be extended as far as possible to inclusive loans granted to micro and small businesses, while other businesses facing serious financial difficulties may also have their loan repayments postponed upon negotiation.

 

New monetary policy tools will be created to directly serve the real economy, providing financing support in the case of emergencies. We will guide financial institutions in increasing the credit supply to micro, small, and medium-sized businesses, and encourage them to grant inclusive credit loans to micro and small businesses.

 

We will work to keep the RMB exchange rate generally stable at an adaptive, balanced level, and maintain an appropriate scale of foreign exchange reserves. We will ensure financial stability, manage risks effectively, and forestall systemic risks.

 

——就业优先政策要全面强化。将保居民就业摆在突出位置，根据就业形势变化调整政策力度，稳定就业总量，改善就业结构，提升就业质量。加大援企稳岗力度，因地因企因人分类帮扶，着力防范化解规模失业风险。更好发挥大众创业万众创新对保居民就业的支撑作用，探索相关支持政策鼓励高校毕业生创新创业。引导灵活就业、新就业形态健康发展。强化对高校毕业生、农民工、退役军人等重点群体帮扶，实施部分职业资格“先上岗、再考证”阶段性措施，用好职业技能提升行动专账资金，加强对就业困难人员特别是贫困劳动力的就业援助，确保零就业家庭动态清零。

 

  • We will ensure full, stronger implementation of our employment-first policy.

 

Giving top priority to protecting job security, we will adjust policy intensity as the employment situation changes, so as to keep the workforce stable, improve the composition of employment, and increase its overall quality.

 

We will increase support for businesses in keeping their payrolls stable, and provide tailored support and assistance for different areas, enterprises, and groups, so as to forestall and defuse risks of large-scale job losses.

 

We will make better use of the role of business startups and innovation in creating jobs, and explore ways of using related support policies to encourage college graduates to engage in innovation and start businesses. We will guide the healthy development of flexible employment and new forms of employment.

 

We will give stronger support to key groups such as college graduates, rural migrant workers, and demobilized military personnel, allow the time-limited practice of getting hired first with later completion of vocational qualifications, make good use of upskilling funds, provide more employment assistance for people who have difficulty finding work, especially those living in poverty, and eliminate the phenomenon of zero-employment families.

 

——加强宏观政策的统筹协调。加强政策预研储备，促进财政、货币、就业政策与消费、投资、产业、区域等政策协同发力、形成合力。坚定实施扩大内需战略，充分挖掘超大规模市场潜力，发挥消费的基础作用和投资的关键作用，引导资金投向供需共同受益、具有乘数效应的领域，推动国内需求稳步扩大。产业政策要围绕推动制造业高质量发展，坚持政府引导和市场机制相结合，坚持独立自主和开放合作相促进，着力促进产业基础高级化、产业链现代化。强化竞争政策的基础性地位，创造公平竞争制度环境，进一步激发市场活力。区域政策要充分发挥各地区比较优势，以重大项目、重大政策为牵引推动重大区域战略落地，加快形成带动全国高质量发展的新动力源。

 

  • We will step up overall planning and coordination of macro policies.

 

We will strengthen preparatory research on policy options, and promote greater coordination and synergy between fiscal, monetary, employment, consumption, investment, industrial, and regional policies.

 

We will firmly implement the strategy of expanding domestic demand, fully tap the potential of our enormous market, give full play to the basic role of consumption and the key role of investment, guide investment toward areas that have benefits for both supply and demand sides and multiplier effects, and push for the steady expansion of domestic demand.

 

To promote high-quality development of manufacturing, our industrial policies need to combine government guidance with market mechanisms, allow independent development and opening up and cooperation to mutually reinforce one another, and focus on upgrading industrial foundations and modernizing industrial chains.

 

We will strengthen the fundamental position of competition policies, and create an institutional environment that encourages fair competition, thereby further boosting market dynamism.

 

We will ensure that regional policies give full play to the comparative advantages of each region, use major projects and policies to lead the implementation of major regional development strategies, and work faster to foster new drivers for high-quality development nationwide.

三、2020年国民经济和社会发展计划的主要任务

III.  Major Tasks for Economic and Social Development in 2020

 

2020年，要按照党中央、国务院决策部署，统筹推进疫情防控和经济社会发展，着力做好九方面工作。

 

In 2020, we will act on the decisions and plans of the CPC Central Committee and the State Council for coordinating epidemic containment with economic and social development, and focus our work on the following nine areas:

 

（一）继续巩固和拓展疫情防控阶段性成效，坚决做好疫情常态化防控。全面落实“外防输入、内防反弹”的总体防控策略，及时采取有针对性和实效性的防控措施，继续抓紧抓实抓细各项防控工作。

 

1. Consolidating and expanding initial progress in epidemic containment and ensuring regular prevention and control efforts

 

In line with the overall strategy of preventing both the importation of cases and a possible domestic resurgence, we will implement targeted and effective measures in all aspects of epidemic containment in a timely, solid, and meticulous manner.

 

一是坚决巩固国内防控成果。健全及时发现、快速处置、精准管控、有效救治的常态化防控机制，完善并及时启动相关防控预案，科学防范，堵住漏洞。全面筑牢社区防控网底，加强信息化、智能化防控能力。继续全力做好疑似和确诊患者的救治工作，继续做好康复患者、隔离群众和抗疫一线医务人员的心理疏导。加快推进疫苗研发。

 

1) We will consolidate progress in prevention and control work throughout the country.

 

We will improve the regular containment mechanism to ensure timely detection, rapid response, targeted management, and effective treatment. We will refine and launch relevant contingency plans in a timely manner and take science-based prevention measures to close loopholes. We will comprehensively consolidate community-based networks for epidemic control, while at the same time strengthening IT-based smart prevention and control capabilities. We will continue to do everything we can in treating suspected and confirmed patients, and provide psychological counseling for recovered patients, people under quarantine, and front-line medical workers. We will also step up vaccine research and development.

 

二是加强和完善外防输入举措。继续加强对境外我国公民的关心关爱。坚决守住守好口岸城市防线，优化医疗资源和救治力量布局，支持边境地区公共卫生设施建设，加强检疫检测能力建设，快速精准识别和管控风险源风险点。加强集中隔离人员安全服务保障，做好健康监测和人文关怀。

 

2) We will strengthen and improve measures to prevent imported cases.

 

We will continue to increase support and care for overseas Chinese citizens. The line of epidemic defense will be held firmly in point-of-entry cities, and medical resources and health workers will be better allocated. We will support border areas in building public health facilities and enhancing their testing and quarantine capabilities, so that risk points and risk sources can be rapidly and accurately identified and controlled. We will improve services to ensure the safety of those quarantined at designated facilities, monitoring their health and providing necessary counseling.

 

三是深入推进疫情防控国际合作。同世界卫生组织深化交流合作，探索建立区域公共卫生应急联络机制，继续向有关国家和地区提供力所能及的帮助，推进健康丝绸之路建设，以多种方式为国际防疫合作贡献力量。严把防疫物资出口质量关。加强科研攻关国际合作，争取在特效药物研发和疫苗研制等方面尽早取得突破。

 

3) We will promote international cooperation to combat covid-19.

 

We will deepen exchanges and cooperation with the WHO, explore the establishment of a regional liaison mechanism for public health emergencies, continue to provide assistance within our capacity to relevant countries, advance the Healthy Silk Road initiative, and contribute to international cooperation on fighting covid-19 in multiple ways. We will ensure the quality of exported epidemic prevention supplies. We will also strengthen international cooperation on research and development in order to achieve breakthroughs in the development of effective covid-19 remedies and vaccines as early as possible.

 

（二）坚决打好三大攻坚战，确保如期完成各项目标任务。确保脱贫攻坚任务如期全面完成，确保实现污染防治攻坚战阶段性目标，确保不发生系统性金融风险。

 

2. Achieving progress in the three critical battles and ensuring that all tasks are accomplished on schedule

 

We will ensure that poverty alleviation is accomplished on schedule, the objectives for pollution prevention and control for the present stage are attained, and systemic financial risks are forestalled.

 

一是决战决胜脱贫攻坚。落实好中央统筹、省负总责、市县抓落实的工作机制，继续聚焦“三区三州”等深度贫困地区，对未摘帽贫困县和贫困村实施挂牌督战，确保现行标准下农村贫困人口全部脱贫、贫困县全部摘帽。加大就业扶贫力度，优先组织贫困劳动力返岗务工。加快脱贫攻坚项目开工复工进度，鼓励企业更多招用贫困地区特别是建档立卡贫困家庭人员，支持扶贫龙头企业、扶贫车间吸纳当地就业。深入开展消费扶贫，组织好产销对接，解决疫情等造成的贫困地区农产品卖难问题。加大产业扶贫力度，用好产业帮扶资金和扶贫小额信贷政策，允许地方今年酌情调整优化财政专项扶贫资金政策，加大产业扶贫项目奖补力度。加快易地扶贫搬迁、农村饮水安全脱贫攻坚“扫尾”工程开复工和建设，确保上半年基本完成所有扫尾工作，细化落实易地扶贫搬迁后续扶持措施，补齐大型安置区配套教育、医疗设施等领域的短板。加强贫困地区公共服务基础设施建设。深入推进教育扶贫攻坚，巩固深化控辍保学工作成果。持续推进农村危房改造，完成贫困户住房安全有保障的目标任务。扩大以工代赈建设领域、实施范围和受益对象。做好因疫致贫返贫人口的帮扶，确保基本生活不受影响。对没有劳动能力的特殊贫困人口要强化社会保障兜底，实现应保尽保。深化定点扶贫。支持革命老区脱贫攻坚和振兴发展。继续执行对摘帽县的主要扶持政策。研究建立解决相对贫困的长效机制。

 

1) We will secure a decisive victory over poverty.

 

By fully implementing the working mechanism whereby the central government is responsible for overall planning, provincial-level governments assume principal responsibility, and city and county governments are responsible for program implementation, we will continue to focus on poverty alleviation efforts in deeply impoverished areas such as the three regions and three prefectures, list all counties and villages which have not yet eliminated poverty in order to oversee their poverty-alleviation efforts, and ensure that rural residents living below the current poverty line are lifted out of poverty and the poor counties are removed from the poverty list.

 

In alleviating poverty through boosting employment, we will give priority to helping impoverished workers return to their posts; ensure that poverty-reduction programs restart quickly; encourage enterprises to recruit employees from poor areas, particularly from the registered poor families; and support poverty-reduction workshops and leading enterprises in creating job opportunities for local people.

 

We will further promote consumption as a means of poverty alleviation, ensure better linkage between production and sales, and address the difficulties some impoverished areas have in selling their agricultural products due to the epidemic.

 

In reducing poverty through developing local industries, we will make good use of assistance funds and microfinance, allow local governments to make appropriate adjustments and improvements to poverty-alleviation funds this year, and increase rewards and subsidies for related programs.

 

We will work quickly to reopen and press ahead with final-phase projects to relocate people from inhospitable areas and to ensure safe drinking water for poor rural populations, so that all of these projects are essentially completed in the first half of the year. We will set out detailed follow-up support measures for relocated families, and shore up weaknesses in education and medical care facilities in large resettlement areas. We will step up the development of public services infrastructure and promote education in poor areas, and consolidate and build on our achievements in reducing drop-out rates and ensuring attendance.

 

We will continue to carry out renovation of dilapidated rural houses so as to complete the task of ensuring safe housing for every poor household. We will carry out work-relief programs in more sectors and more areas for greater numbers of impoverished people.

 

We will provide assistance and support for those who have sunk back or fallen into poverty due to the epidemic outbreak and ensure that their basic living needs are covered. We will strengthen social security to better meet basic needs of those impoverished people who have no capacity to work and ensure that our social safety net covers all eligible residents.

 

We will strengthen poverty alleviation efforts in targeted impoverished areas. We will support old revolutionary base areas in reducing poverty and promoting revitalization and development. Major support policies will remain in place for counties that have recently been lifted out of poverty. We will conduct research on establishing a long-term mechanism for addressing relative poverty.

 

二是持续加强污染防治。坚持方向不变、力度不减，抓好源头防控，推动生态环境质量持续好转，加快构建现代环境治理体系。巩固蓝天、碧水、净土保卫战成果。有序推进北方地区冬季清洁取暖长效机制建设，扩大钢铁行业超低排放改造规模，加强柴油货车污染治理，加大铁路专用线建设力度，持续推进货运“公转铁”。地级及以上城市空气质量优良天数比率确保完成“十三五”规划目标。进一步加强城镇污水处理、城市黑臭水体治理、渤海综合治理、农业农村污染治理、水源地保护，推动实施一批长江、黄河生态环境保护重大工程。扎实推进土壤污染防治，推进受污染耕地和污染地块安全利用。编制全国重要生态系统保护和修复重大工程专项建设规划，完善河长制湖长制，加快推动落实林长制，持续推动山水林田湖草系统治理，推进地下水超采综合治理。万元国内生产总值用水量下降1.2%。强化生态保护监管，推动健全生态保护红线监管标准体系和配套政策。健全生态补偿机制，起草生态保护补偿条例，推进生态综合补偿试点。深化国家生态文明试验区建设。积极应对全球气候变化，加快全国碳市场建设。发展绿色产业，发布绿色技术推广目录，支持园区环境污染第三方治理。加快补齐城镇污水垃圾处置和医疗废物、危险废物收集处理等环境基础设施短板。全面推进垃圾分类，研究治理快递包装污染及商品过度包装，提高城市生活垃圾无害化处理率。

 

2) We will continue to strengthen pollution prevention and control.

 

By maintaining the same direction and intensity of effort, we will address problems at the source, bring about sustained improvement in the environment, and speed up the establishment of a modern environmental governance system. We will consolidate our successes in the campaigns to keep our skies blue, our waters clear, and our land pollution-free. We will work to establish long-term mechanisms for clean winter heating in northern China in an orderly manner; upgrade more steel enterprises so that they meet the ultra-low emissions target; control pollution caused by diesel trucks; build more special-purpose railway lines; and continue to bring about a shift in freight transportation from highways to railways. These measures will ensure that the 13th Five-Year Plan target for the percentage of days with good or excellent air quality in cities at and above prefecture level is achieved.

 

We will take stronger steps to treat urban sewage, clean up black, malodorous water bodies in cities, improve the water environment in the Bohai Sea region through comprehensive measures, control pollution in agriculture and rural areas, protect water sources, and launch a number of major projects to protect the environment in the Yangtze River and Yellow River basins.

      

We will make steady progress in soil pollution prevention and control, and work to ensure that cropland and other land plots that have been polluted are used safely.

 

We will draw up a national plan for undertaking major projects to protect and restore important ecosystems, refine the river chief and lake chief systems, move quickly to implement the forest chief system, continue our holistic approach to the conservation of mountain, river, lake, forest, farmland, and grassland ecosystems, and work to comprehensively address groundwater over-abstraction. Water consumption per 10,000 yuan of GDP will drop by 1.2%.

 

We will tighten oversight over ecological conservation, and work to improve the system of oversight standards for ecological red lines and supporting policies. We will improve mechanisms for ecological compensation, draft regulations regarding compensation for ecological conservation efforts, and carry out trials of comprehensive ecological compensation.

 

We will also step up development of national ecological conservation pilot zones.

 

We will proactively respond to global climate change, and speed up development of the national carbon market.

 

We will develop green industries, publish the Green Technology Catalog, and support third-party participation in pollution control in industrial parks.

 

We will step up efforts to shore up weaknesses in environmental infrastructure such as facilities for urban sewage and garbage treatment and for collection and disposal of medical waste and hazardous waste. We will promote waste sorting across the country, look into measures for controlling the pollution created by express delivery packaging and the problem of excessive packaging, and raise the percentage of urban household waste that is safely disposed of.

 

三是守住不发生系统性风险的底线。密切关注全球金融市场和大宗商品市场震荡可能带来的输入性风险，完善跨境资金流动的预警响应机制。跟踪监测杠杆率较高、盈利能力较弱的行业企业的流动性风险，防止资金链断裂引发连锁反应。继续有序处置高风险金融机构风险。积极维护债券市场稳定，加快健全市场化、法治化的债券违约处置机制，建立早识别、早预警、早发现、早处置风险防控体系。落实银行不良贷款核销政策，鼓励市场主体参与不良贷款处置。完善金融机构恢复与处置机制，支持银行多渠道补充资本。稳妥化解地方政府存量隐性债务。坚持“房子是用来住的、不是用来炒的”定位，稳步建立健全因城施策的促进房地产市场平稳健康发展的长效机制，着力稳地价、稳房价、稳预期。

 

3) We will ensure that no systemic risks arise.

 

We will keep a close eye on external uncertainties which might arise from the volatile global financial markets and commodity markets, and improve the mechanisms for early warning and response with regard to cross-border capital flow.

 

We will follow and monitor the liquidity risk of industries and enterprises with high leverage ratios and decreased profit-making ability in order to prevent breaks in the funding chains coalescing into chain reactions. We will continue to manage the risks associated with high-risk financial institutions in an orderly manner.

 

We will actively work to ensure the stability of the bond market, move quickly to refine market- and law-based mechanisms for handling bond defaults, and set up a risk prevention and control system that incorporates early detection, early warning, early discovery, and early handling of risks.

 

We will ensure implementation of policies for cancelling the non-performing loans of banks and encourage market entities to participate in the handling of non-performing loans. We will refine the recovery and resolution mechanism for financial institutions and support banks in replenishing capital through multiple channels. We will steadily defuse hidden debt risks of local governments.

 

In accordance with the principle that houses are for living in, not for speculation, we will move steadily to develop a sound, long-term mechanism to implement city-specific policies and promote steady and healthy development of real estate markets, while working hard to keep land prices, housing prices, and market expectations stable.

 

（三）坚定不移实施扩大内需战略，着力促进形成强大国内市场。聚焦疫情带来的冲击和影响，深入挖掘和激发国内市场供给与需求潜力，增强内需对经济增长的拉动力。

 

3. Adhering to the strategy of expanding domestic demand and fostering a strong domestic market

 

To address the influence and impact of the epidemic, we will tap into and stimulate both the supply and the demand potentials of the domestic market, and enhance the role of domestic demand as a driver of economic growth.

 

一是释放消费潜力。在防控措施到位前提下，有序推动各类商场、市场复市复业，促进线下消费加速回补。培育壮大线上消费，推进互联网和各类消费业态深度融合。促进教育、医疗、养老、家政、文旅、体育等服务消费线上线下融合发展，进一步支持依托互联网的外卖配送、网约车等新业态。发展大健康产业。扩大电商、快递进农村覆盖面，畅通工业品下乡、农产品进城渠道。加速5G网络建设和场景应用，完善新型基础设施布局，推动超高清视频、虚拟现实等新兴消费。积极扩大汽车消费，允许进口尾气排放实测结果达到国六标准的平行进口汽车。对京津冀等重点地区淘汰国三及以下排放标准柴油货车给予适当奖补。加大汽车、绿色智能家电等消费金融支持。鼓励有条件的地区实施家电以旧换新补贴政策。加快废旧家电回收体系建设。扩大智能产品、定制化产品和绿色产品供给，促进绿色消费发展。培育建设国际消费中心城市，因地制宜形成若干区域消费中心。积极发展“智慧商圈”，加快建设新型文旅商业消费聚集区。加快恢复乡村旅游和休闲农业。鼓励夜间经济发展。有序放宽低空空域限制，加快通用航空网络建设，推动通用航空发展。加强国家物流枢纽、国家骨干冷链物流基地和商品流通网络建设，推动冷链物流、智慧物流、国际物流、供应链发展。推进电子商务与快递物流协同发展。深入推进步行街改造提升。强化消费信用体系建设，大力整治伪劣商品、侵权仿冒等问题，加大农村商品流通市场秩序监管力度，健全消费维权法律制度和政策体系，营造安全放心消费环境。

 

1) We will unleash the potential of consumption.

 

While maintaining effective epidemic containment measures, we will promote the orderly resumption of business with regard to all kinds of stores and markets, and facilitate the speedy recovery of offline consumption.

 

We will foster and expand online consumption and promote closer integration between the internet and various modes of consumption.

 

We will promote integrated development of online and offline consumption in services such as education, healthcare, elderly care, domestic services, culture, tourism, and sports. Further support will be given to internet-based takeout and food delivery platforms, online ride-hailing, and other new types of business.

 

We will expand the coverage of e-commerce and express delivery services in rural areas, and facilitate the flow of industrial goods into rural areas and of agricultural products to the cities.

 

We will step up development of the 5G network and applications, improve the layout of new types of infrastructure, promote ultra-high definition video, virtual reality, and other forms of emerging consumption, and develop the wellness industry.

 

Efforts will be made to actively increase purchases of vehicles and the parallel import of vehicles will be allowed if their exhaust emissions are tested up to China VI standards. Rewards and subsidies will be provided as appropriate to the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region and other key areas to remove diesel trucks at and below China III emission standards from the roads. We will increase financial support for purchases of vehicles and environmentally friendly smart home appliances.

 

Subsidies for replacing old home appliances with new ones will be encouraged in localities where conditions allow. We will step up the building of a recycling system for old home appliances. We will expand the supply of smart, customized, and environmentally friendly products, and promote green consumption.

 

We will develop some cities into international consumption centers and create regional consumption centers based on local circumstances. We will actively develop smart business clusters and step up the building of new types of cultural and tourism consumption clusters. We will quickly reopen rural tourism and farm-based recreation, and encourage development of the nighttime economy.

 

Restrictions on low altitude airspace will be loosened in an orderly manner, and development of the general aviation network will be stepped up.

 

We will strengthen efforts to build national logistics hubs, national backbone cold-chain logistics bases, and commodity distribution networks, and promote the development of the supply chain and of cold-chain, smart, and international logistics. We will promote the coordinated development of e-commerce and express delivery services. We will also intensify efforts to renovate and upgrade pedestrian malls.

 

We will improve the consumer credibility system, work hard to address problems like substandard goods, counterfeiting, and infringements, intensify regulation of the commodity distribution market in rural areas, improve the legal framework and policy system for consumer rights protection, and thereby create a safe and reassuring consumption environment.

 

二是积极扩大有效投资。安排中央预算内投资6000亿元，比上年增加224亿元。全年安排地方政府专项债券3.75万亿元，比上年增加1.6万亿元。按照“资金跟着项目走”要求，安排好地方政府专项债券项目，集中支持有一定收益的基础设施和公共服务项目。加强公共卫生、生物安全、应急物资保障、物资和能源储备、物流设施、农林水利、城乡基础设施等领域补短板。出台推动新型基础设施建设的相关政策文件，推进5G、物联网、车联网、工业互联网、人工智能、一体化大数据中心等新型基础设施投资。做好城镇老旧小区改造，重点改造提升小区水电气路信等配套便民设施，有条件的加装电梯、配建停车设施。推动城市更新，加大城市停车场和充电设施、城乡污水垃圾处理设施、采煤沉陷区综合治理、独立工矿区和城区老工业区搬迁改造等建设力度。稳步推进棚户区改造。实施好“十三五”规划165项重大工程项目和国家重大区域战略重大项目。加大沿江高铁、沿海高铁项目建设力度。积极推动川藏铁路开工，加快重点城市群、都市圈城际和市域（郊）铁路规划建设。加快推进在建重大水利工程建设进度，新开工一批重大水利工程。加快推进枢纽机场新建、迁建和改扩建项目建设，有序推进支线机场和通用机场建设。加快推进国家高速公路、普通国省干线、农村公路和内河水运等项目建设。坚持“要素跟着项目走”，加强项目用地用海用能等要素保障，对重大投资项目开设绿色通道。继续加大金融支持，发挥政府资金的导向作用，规范创新政府和社会资本合作（PPP）模式，支持民间资本参与补短板和新型基础设施建设。稳妥推进基础设施领域不动产投资信托基金（REITs）试点，充分调动包括民间投资在内的各类社会资本积极性，盘活存量资产。

 

2) We will increase effective investment.

 

A total of 600 billion yuan from the central government budget will be allocated for investment this year, 22.4 billion yuan more than last year. Issuance of local government special bonds will total 3.75 trillion yuan, an increase of 1.6 trillion yuan year on year. In line with the requirement that funding follows specific projects, we will make good use of projects funded by these special bonds, and give priority to supporting infrastructure and public service projects that will yield a certain degree of revenue.

 

We will shore up weaknesses in public health, biosecurity, emergency supplies, material and energy reserves, logistics facilities, agriculture, forestry, water conservancy, and urban and rural infrastructure. We will introduce policies for supporting the construction of new types of infrastructure, and promote investment in new types of infrastructure including 5G, the Internet of Things, the Internet of Vehicles, the industrial internet, artificial intelligence, and the national big data center.

 

We will push forward the renovation of old residential communities in cities, with the focus on improving local amenities such as water, power, and gas supply networks, roads, and information services facilities, while adding elevators and parking facilities where conditions allow. We will carry out urban renewal, work harder to build car parks and install charging facilities in cities, improve sewage and waste treatment facilities in urban and rural areas, adopt comprehensive solutions in areas affected by mining-induced subsidence, and relocate or renovate independent industrial and mining areas and old industrial areas within cities. We will work steadily to rebuild run-down urban areas.

 

We will successfully conduct the 165 major projects set out in the 13th Five-Year Plan and key projects of major national strategies for regional development. Efforts will be redoubled in building high-speed railway lines along the Yangtze River and the coastline. Construction will begin on the Chengdu-Lhasa Railway, and the planning and construction of intercity and intra-city (suburban) railways for major city clusters and metropolitan areas will be sped up. We will accelerate major water conservancy projects that are already underway and start a number of new ones. We will step up projects for building, relocating, renovating, or expanding hub airports, and promote the development of regional airports and general-purpose airports in a well-planned way. We will press ahead with the construction of national expressways, ordinary national and provincial trunk highways, rural roads, and inland waterways.

 

In line with the requirement that factors of production follow specific projects, we will provide green channels for major projects by ensuring land use, sea use, and energy use for these projects. We will continue to increase financial support, give full play to the guiding role of government funds, and promote well-regulated and innovative application of the PPP model, thereby encouraging the participation of non-governmental capital in strengthening areas of weakness and in new types of infrastructure projects.

 

We will prudently carry out trials of real estate investment treatment trusts for infrastructure, and fully stimulate the enthusiasm of all type of non-governmental capital including private investment, thereby putting to use all idle assets.

 

三是着力稳定社会预期。完善疫情信息发布机制，继续做到依法、公开、透明、及时、准确。加大对传染病防治法的宣传教育，多层次、高密度发布权威信息，更好维护社会大局稳定。提高政策稳定性和可预期性，健全政策目标管理和重大决策公开机制，不断提高政策透明度。促进部门之间、中央与地方间的政策联动，加强对政策方向、目标、时序、边界的协调。进一步加强预期管理，创新宣传手段，做好信息发布和政策解读，及时回应社会关切，稳定市场主体信心。

 

3) We will strive to keep public expectations stable.

 

We will improve the mechanisms for the release of epidemic information, providing the public with information in an open, transparent, timely, and accurate fashion in accordance with law. We will increase public awareness and education about the Law on the Prevention and Control of Infectious Diseases, and put out a high density of authoritative information across multiple levels, thereby more effectively ensuring overall social stability.

 

We will increase policy stability and predictability, improve policy target management and the mechanism for releasing major government decisions, and make our policies more transparent. We will promote policy coordination between departments and between central and local authorities, strengthening coordination in terms of the orientation, objectives, timing, and scope of policies.

 

We will further strengthen the management of expectations, adopt new approaches in policy communication, do an effective job with regard to information release and policy interpretations, respond promptly to public concerns, and boost the confidence of market entities.

 

（四）深入推进供给侧结构性改革，稳定提升产业链供应链水平。大力振兴实体经济，持续提升产业基础能力和产业链现代化水平，保持我国产业链供应链的稳定性和竞争力。

 

4. Pressing ahead with supply-side structural reform and steadily enhancing industrial chains and supply chains

 

We will revitalize the real economy, constantly enhance basic industrial capacities and modernize industrial chains, and maintain the stability and competitiveness of China’s industrial chains and supply chains.

 

一是加大对各类企业特别是中小微企业和个体工商户支持力度。简化各项助企纾困政策手续，政府涉企事项尽可能网上办理。加大中介服务收费清理整顿力度，坚决制止各种涉企违规收费。推动降低企业用能、用网、物流、房租等成本，将除高耗能以外的大工业和一般工商业电价降低5%政策延长到今年年底，宽带和专线平均资费降低15%。减免国有房产租金，鼓励各类业主减免或缓收房租。限期完成清偿政府机构、国有企业拖欠民营企业中小企业账款的任务。引导银行向实体经济让利，鼓励商业银行对受疫情冲击较大的地区企业和批发零售、住宿餐饮、物流运输、文化娱乐旅游和外贸等行业企业阶段性减免一定比例贷款利息。优化创业担保贷款贴息政策，提高小微企业信用贷款、续贷业务发放比例，加大首次贷款支持，大型商业银行普惠型小微企业贷款增速要高于40%。支持金融机构发行3000亿元小微金融债券以发放小微贷款。引导公司信用类债券净融资比上年多增1万亿元。促进小微企业全年应收账款融资8000亿元。鼓励资本市场加大对应对疫情科技型中小企业的融资支持。鼓励大企业运用获得的融资，以预付款形式向上下游中小微企业支付现金。出台支持制造业民营企业稳增长和转型升级的意见，鼓励地方以市场化手段对陷入困境的优质民营企业进行纾困救助。

 

1) We will increase support for businesses, in particular micro, small, and medium-sized businesses and self-employed individuals.

 

We will simplify procedures for all policy measures designed to help businesses, and handle matters related to enterprises online as far as possible. We will accelerate the review of intermediary service charges and rectify all kinds of irregular charges on enterprises.

 

We will work to lower energy, internet, logistics, and rental costs for enterprises. We will continue to reduce electricity prices for large industrial enterprises (with the exception of energy-intensive ones) and general industrial and commercial businesses by 5% and cut average charges for broadband and dedicated internet access services by 15% in the second half of the year.

 

The rental of state-owned real estate will be reduced, and owners of all other types of property will be encouraged to reduce or postpone the rental payment. The problem of defaults on payments to private enterprises and SMEs by government agencies and SOEs will be resolved within the set time frame.

 

To guide banks in benefitting the real economy, we will encourage commercial banks to grant interest relief for a certain period of time on loans to enterprises in areas badly hit by the epidemic as well as businesses engaged in the wholesale and retail trade, the hotel and restaurant trade, logistics and transportation, culture, entertainment, tourism, and foreign trade which have also suffered greatly.

 

We will refine the policy of subsidizing interest payments on guaranteed loans for business startups, increase the proportion of credit loans and the renewal of loans for micro and small businesses, increase support for first-time loan receivers, and increase inclusive finance lending by large commercial banks to micro and small businesses by more than 40%.

 

We will support financial institutions in issuing 300 billion yuan of financial bonds for granting micro and small business loans. The net corporate debt financing secured on trust will increase by 1 trillion yuan over last year, and micro and small businesses will realize 800 billion yuan of accounts receivable financing this year. We will encourage the capital market to increase financing support for sci-tech SMEs in fighting the epidemic. Major enterprises and leading enterprises will be encouraged to use available financing to make advance payments in cash to both upstream and downstream micro, small, and medium-sized businesses. We will issue guidelines on supporting private manufacturers in stabilizing growth and transforming and upgrading, and encourage local governments to help and support quality private enterprises in difficulties through market-based measures.

 

二是推动制造业高质量发展。加大制造业中长期贷款支持力度，重点支持高端装备制造、传统产业改造提升、电子信息制造等重点领域。实施好制造业核心竞争力提升工程，完善技术改造服务体系。实施智能制造工程，研究出台推进制造业智能化改造的指导意见。积极推进钢铁企业“推重组、促转型”，持续优化石化产业布局，继续实施人口密集区危化品生产企业搬迁改造。实施绿色制造工程。推广钢结构装配式建筑，推动智能制造与建筑工业化融合发展。支持老工业城市和资源型城市产业转型升级示范区建设。开展先进制造业集群培育试点示范。

 

2) We will promote high-quality development of the manufacturing sector.

 

More medium- and long-term loans will be provided to support manufacturing enterprises, with the focus on high-end equipment manufacturing, the transformation and upgrading of traditional industries, and electronic and information manufacturing. We will effectively implement projects for enhancing core competitiveness in the manufacturing sector, and improve the service system for technological transformation. We will launch smart manufacturing projects and formulate guidelines on promoting the smart-technology upgrading of the manufacturing sector.

 

We will actively encourage the reorganization and transformation of steel enterprises, continue to optimize the layout of the petrochemical industry, and continue to help relocate and renovate hazardous chemical plants located in densely-populated districts.

 

We will also carry out the green manufacturing initiative. We will promote the use of steel understructures and prefabricated modules, and promote integrated development of smart manufacturing and industrialization of construction industry. Support will be given to demonstration areas for the transformation and upgrading of old industrial cities and resource-dependent cities. We will launch pilot and demonstration programs to foster advanced manufacturing clusters.

 

三是保产业链供应链稳定。着力完善和畅通物流运输网络，支持企业增加关键物料备货。实施产业基础再造工程。大力培育产业生态主导型企业，培育一批有国际竞争力的先进制造业集群，增强产业链的集聚效应。培育一批“专精特新”中小企业。研究开展供应链安全风险评估，优化生产力布局，增加应急储备，进一步增强供应链韧性和稳定性。深入实施工业互联网创新发展工程，打造工业互联网平台体系，强化工业互联网平台间标准对接。推动先进制造业和现代服务业融合发展，大力发展服务型制造。加快推动生产性服务业公共服务平台建设，发展研发设计、现代物流、检验检测认证等生产性服务业。

 

3) We will ensure stability in the industrial and supply chains.

 

We will ensure the smooth, improved operation of logistics and transportation networks, and support enterprises in increasing their stock of key materials.

 

We will implement projects for rebuilding industrial foundations. We will make great efforts to boost the development of those enterprises that have a leading position in their industries, cultivate a number of internationally competitive advanced manufacturing clusters, and give full play to role of industrials chains in concentrating industries. We will develop a group of SMEs that apply special, sophisticated techniques to produce unique and novel products.

 

Research will be conducted on carrying out supply chain risk assessment, optimizing productivity layout, and increasing emergency reserves in order to further enhance the resilience and stability of supply chains. We will push on with the project for the innovative development of the industrial internet, set up a system of industrial internet platforms, and enhance compatibility between different platforms.

 

We will promote integrated development of advanced manufacturing and the modern service industry, and vigorously develop service-oriented manufacturing. We will also step up the building of a public service platform for producer services, and boost producer services such as research, development, and design, modern logistics, and inspection, testing, and certification.

 

四是着力培育壮大新动能。深入推进国家战略性新兴产业集群发展工程，加强创新和公共服务综合体建设。创新战略性新兴产业金融产品和服务供给。深入推进“上云用数赋智”，实施数字化转型伙伴行动、中小企业数字化赋能专项行动和数字经济新业态培育行动，深入推进数字经济创新发展试验区建设，推动制造、商贸流通等经济社会重点领域数字化转型，发展数字商务，支撑建设数字供应链。深入实施国家大数据战略、“互联网+”行动，推动新型智慧城市建设，推进5G深度应用。大力发展生物经济，加强生物资源开发与利用，培育若干生物集聚发展高地。加快智能制造、无人配送、在线消费、医疗健康、机器人等新兴产业发展。支持商业航天发展，延伸航天产业链条，扩展通信、导航、遥感等卫星应用。制定国家氢能产业发展战略规划。支持新能源汽车、储能产业发展，推动智能汽车创新发展战略实施。加快深远海捕捞养殖装备创新发展，建设现代化海洋牧场。

 

4) We will strive to develop new drivers of economic growth.

 

We will press ahead with the projects to develop China’s strategic emerging industry clusters, and develop complexes of public services for innovation. Innovations will be made in providing financial products and services to strategic emerging industries.

 

We will press ahead with the cloud-based big data and artificial intelligence initiatives, the digital transformation partnership campaign, the SME digitalization campaign, and the initiatives for cultivating new forms of business in the digital economy. We will build pilot zones for innovative development of the digital economy, facilitate the digitalization of key sectors of the economy and society such as manufacturing and commodity distribution, develop digital e-commerce, and support the building of digital supply chains.

 

We will press ahead with the national big data strategy, the Internet Plus action plan, the development of new types of smart cities, and the in-depth application of 5G technology. We will vigorously develop the bio-economy, exploit and utilize biological resources effectively, and cultivate hubs of bio-industrial development. We will step up the development of smart manufacturing, unmanned delivery, online shopping, healthcare, robotics, and other emerging industries.

 

We will support the development of the commercial space industry, extend the space industry chain, and expand satellite applications in areas such as communications, navigation, and remote sensing. We will formulate a national strategic plan for developing the hydrogen power industry.

 

We will support the development of new-energy vehicles and the energy storage industry, and implement the strategy for the innovative development of intelligent vehicles. We will speed up the innovative development of open-sea and deep-sea fishery and aquaculture facilities, and develop modern marine ranching.

 

五是着力保障粮食安全和农副产品市场供应。深化农业供给侧结构性改革，压实粮食安全省长责任制、“菜篮子”市长负责制。编制新一轮国家粮食安全中长期规划纲要、新时期农业生产力布局与结构调整规划，制定落实全球疫情影响下确保我国粮食安全的应对方案，加快推动出台粮食安全保障法，深入推进优质粮食工程，继续实施大豆振兴计划，增加绿色优质粮油产品供给，促进农民增收、企业增效、消费者得实惠。扎实开展高标准农田建设，实施东北黑土地保护性耕作行动计划，实施现代种业和动植物保护能力提升工程，加强病虫害监测和防控。完善农机补贴政策。深入推进农村科技创新，加强农业科技人才培养，推动各类农业科研院所和高校联合协作加快培养高层次农业人才，强化粮食安全科技支撑。创新完善粮食“产购储加销”协同联动体系，加强粮食市场监测预警和监管，完善粮食储备安全管理体制，积极破解夏粮仓容紧张矛盾。抓好农业保险保费补贴政策落实。落实小麦、稻谷最低收购价政策，完善玉米、大豆市场化收购加补贴机制，落实棉花目标价格政策。持续抓好生猪生产，持续加强非洲猪瘟、高致病性禽流感等重大动物疫病监测和防控，促进畜牧水产养殖业提质发展，加快推进奶业振兴。实施农产品仓储保鲜冷链物流设施建设工程，支持农村电商发展。推进重要农产品进口多元布局，做好居民生活必需品保供调度，保障粮油肉蛋果蔬等重要农产品质量安全、稳定供应。

 

5) We will ensure food security and market supply of agricultural and sideline products.

 

We will deepen supply-side structural reform in the agricultural sector, and further implement the system whereby provincial governors are held responsible for food security and municipal mayors are held responsible for non-staple food supply.

 

We will draw up a new national medium- to long-term plan for ensuring food security and a plan for the distribution and structural adjustment of agricultural productivity in the new era. We will draft and carry out a response plan for ensuring China’s food security in spite of the effects of the global pandemic, accelerate the drafting of a law to ensure food security, expand the quality grain project, and continue to implement the initiative to boost soybean production. We will increase the supply of high-quality green grain and edible oil, and make sure farmers’ incomes are boosted, enterprises improve their performance, and consumers receive real benefits.

 

We will make solid progress in developing high-quality farmland, launch an initiative for conservation tillage on chernozem soils in northeast China, implement projects to upgrade the modern seed industry and protect animal and plant resources, and strengthen the monitoring, prevention, and control of crop diseases and pests. We will refine the policy regarding subsidies for the purchase of agricultural machinery.

 

We will advance rural scientific and technological innovation, step up the training of agricultural scientific and technological personnel, and promote cooperation and coordination between all types of agricultural research institutes and colleges in accelerating the training of high-level agricultural talent, thereby providing stronger scientific and technological support for food security.

 

We will adopt innovative methods to improve the system for coordinating grain production, purchase, storage, processing, and sales, and tighten up the monitoring, early warning, and regulation of the grain market, while improving the management of grain reserve security, and taking active measures to expand the capacity of grain silos for summer harvests.

 

We will ensure the implementation of the subsidy policy for agricultural insurance premiums. We will carry out the policies for setting minimum purchase prices for wheat and rice, refine the mechanism for combining market-based purchases with government subsidies for corn and soybeans, and implement the policy for guaranteeing base prices for cotton.

 

We will continue to boost hog production, and monitor, prevent, and control African swine fever, highly pathogenic avian influenza, and other major animal epidemics and diseases, promote higher-quality development of livestock and aquaculture farming, and accelerate the revitalization of the dairy industry.

 

We will launch projects to build storage and cold-chain logistics facilities for agricultural products, and support the development of e-commerce in rural areas. We will diversify imports of major agricultural products, ensure the supply and distribution of daily necessities, and guarantee the quality, safety, and stable supply of grain, edible oil, meat, eggs, fruits, vegetables, and other major agricultural products.

 

六是着力保障能源安全。稳步推进煤炭、石油、天然气和电力产供储销体系和石油储备基地建设，加强煤电油气运行调节。健全国内外供需形势发生重大变化的应对预案，确保供需总体平衡和市场平稳运行。继续做好油气勘探开发工作，加快推进油气矿业权区块竞争出让。加快油气管网和储备工程建设，健全油气管网运营机制，推动管网设施公平开放。着力推动煤电改造升级，积极稳妥发展水电，安全发展先进核电，保持风电光伏发电合理发展，推动非化石能源成为增量主体。健全可再生能源电力消纳利用长效机制，积极推进就地就近消纳新模式。有序建设跨省跨区输电通道，提升能源系统输送和调节能力。持续推进电力应急体系建设，提高快速响应能力。推动电力交易机构独立规范运行，建设全国统一电力市场，全面放开经营性电力用户发用电计划，推动增量配电改革试点落地见效。深化电网企业装备制造、设计施工等竞争性业务改革。

 

6) We will ensure energy security.

 

We will make steady progress in developing the production, supply, storage, and sales systems of coal, petroleum, natural gas, electricity, and petroleum reserve bases, and better regulate the operations of energy companies. We will improve our contingency plans in response to major changes in supply and demand at home and abroad, ensuring an overall balance of supply and demand and the stable operation of our markets.

 

We will continue to support petroleum and natural gas exploration and exploitation, and press ahead with competitive trading of mining rights for oil- and gas-bearing zones. We will pick up the pace in developing oil and gas transmission pipelines and reserves projects, improve pipeline operation mechanisms, and encourage the opening up of pipeline facilities to all eligible users.

 

We will push forward with the upgrading of coal-fired power plants, actively yet prudently develop hydropower, safely develop advanced nuclear power facilities, and maintain optimal development of wind and photovoltaic power, thus making non-fossil fuels the major contributor to energy consumption growth. We will refine the long-term mechanism to absorb electricity generated from renewable energy sources into power grids, and actively promote a new model for the absorption of electricity into local power grids.

 

We will build trans-provincial and trans-regional power transmission routes in an orderly manner, and enhance energy transmission and adaptation capacities. We will continue the construction of the electricity emergency response system, and enhance our ability to respond in a timely fashion.

 

We will support the independent and procedure-based operations of electricity trading agencies, build a national unified electricity market, lift restrictions on the generation and consumption of electricity by commercial consumers, and ensure effective implementation of trial reforms for raising the number of electricity distributors. We will deepen reform with regard to equipment manufacturing, designing, construction, and other competitive operations of power grid enterprises.

 

（五）坚定实施创新驱动发展战略，强化科技创新对经济发展支撑作用。充分发挥创新第一动力、人才第一资源作用，大力弘扬科学精神和工匠精神，营造劳动光荣的社会风尚和精益求精的敬业风气，加快建设创新型国家。

 

5. Staying committed to the innovation-driven development strategy and allowing technology and innovation to play a larger role in underpinning economic development

 

We will give full play to the role of innovation as the primary driver of development and the role of human resources as its primary resource, encourage the scientific spirit and the pursuit of fine workmanship, ensure that taking pride in one’s work becomes a social norm and seeking excellence is valued as a good work ethic, and step up efforts to turn China into a country of innovators.

 

一是加快关键核心技术攻关。构建社会主义市场经济条件下关键核心技术攻关新型举国体制。开展科技重大专项梯次接续有关工作，加快组织实施科技创新2030－重大项目。支持构建面向全行业国产化应用的基础支撑平台。健全鼓励支持基础研究、原始创新的体制机制，发展市场化的新型研发机构，鼓励企业等社会力量增加投入。加快提升企业技术创新能力，研究将国有企业技术创新情况纳入考核机制。加快推进首台（套）重大技术装备、紧缺新材料研制和关键共性技术平台建设。完善支持创新产品应用的政府采购政策。综合多学科力量开展科研攻关，加强新冠肺炎传染源、传播致病机理等研究，加大药品、疫苗研发力度和应急生产能力建设。夯实生物安全基础设施建设，统筹做好生物安全科技攻关工作。加快完善国家技术安全管理清单制度。

 

1) We will work faster to achieve breakthroughs in core technologies in key fields.

 

We will build a new type of system which, under the conditions of a socialist market economy, allows for the pooling of the nation’s resources in order to achieve breakthroughs in core technologies in key fields. We will facilitate the replacement and transitioning of major science and technology programs and speed up the implementation of major projects of the Sci-Tech Innovation 2030 Agenda.

 

We will support the development of basic platforms for promoting wholly domestic manufacturing in a particular industry. We will refine systems and mechanisms for encouraging and supporting basic research and original innovation, develop new types of market-based R&D institutions, and encourage enterprises and other non-governmental sectors to increase R&D spending.

 

We will work faster to help enterprises enhance their capacity for technological innovation, and work on including technological innovation in the assessment mechanisms of SOEs. We will step up efforts to build platforms for newly-developed major technological equipment, for R&D on new materials in short supply in China, and for key generic technologies. We will refine the policy for supporting the application of innovative products through government procurement.

 

We will pool resources across multiple disciplines to crack tough research problems, and intensify study of the infection sources and transmission and pathogenic mechanisms of covid-19, while redoubling our efforts in drug and vaccine R&D and enhancing our emergency production capacity.

 

We will take solid steps to develop bio-security infrastructure, and coordinate efforts to achieve technological breakthroughs in bio-security. We will work quickly to refine the national technological security management list.

 

二是加强创新能力建设。编制新一轮国家中长期科技发展规划和国家重大科技基础设施建设规划。加强基础研究和原始创新、颠覆性技术创新，加快组建国家实验室，重组国家重点实验室体系，加快建设跨学科、大协作、高强度的协同创新基础平台。推动科技创新中心和综合性国家科学中心建设，科学布局建设重大科技基础设施、科教基础设施和国家产业创新中心、工程研究中心、技术创新中心、制造业创新中心、供应链科创中心。实行重点项目攻关“揭榜挂帅”。改革科技成果转化机制，畅通创新链，营造鼓励创新宽容失败的科研环境。制定支持重大专项成果产业化配套政策，完善创新人才培养支持机制和政策，健全人才分类评价体系。提升国家自主创新示范区和高新区创新发展水平。

 

2) We will enhance our innovation capacity.

 

We will draw up plans for a new phase of national scientific and technological development over the medium and long term, as well as development plans for national major science and technology infrastructure.

 

We will strengthen basic research, original innovation, and innovation in disruptive technologies, accelerate construction of national laboratories and also restructure key national laboratories, and speed up the establishment of a basic platform for collaborative innovation in order to promote greater, more intensive interdisciplinary cooperation.

 

We will move forward with the construction of science and technology innovation centers and comprehensive national science centers, and carry out well-conceived planning for projects concerning key science and technology infrastructure and science and education infrastructure, as well as for national industrial innovation centers, engineering research centers, technology innovation centers, manufacturing innovation centers, and supply chain technology and innovation centers. We will introduce an open competition mechanism to select the best candidates to lead key research projects.

 

We will reform the mechanism for applying scientific and technological advances, ensure the smooth operation of innovation chains, and create an enabling environment for scientific research that encourages innovation and tolerates failure. We will formulate policies to support the industrial application of the results of major science and technology projects, and refine mechanisms and policies to support the development of innovative talent, and improve the category-specific human resource evaluation system. We will promote the innovation-driven development of national innovation demonstration areas and new- and high-tech development zones.

 

三是推进创新创业创造高质量发展。实施新一轮全面创新改革试验。建立健全以企业为主体、市场为导向、产学研深度融合的技术创新体系，支持大中小企业和各类主体融通创新。新建一批双创示范基地，实施一批双创支撑平台项目。实施示范基地“校企行”专项行动。加快推进创业投资领域的体制机制改革。研究加大对孵化器、众创空间等创新创业服务机构的政策支持力度。加大对受疫情影响企业帮扶力度，扩大创业担保贷款对象范围，对优质项目免除反担保要求，加大对重点群体创业场地支持力度。

 

3) We will promote high-quality innovation, business startups, and manufacturing. 

 

We will carry out a new round of pilot reforms for comprehensive innovation, and establish a technological innovation system in which enterprises are the main players, that is guided by the market and integrates the efforts of enterprises, universities, and research institutes. We will support integrated innovation efforts by businesses of all sizes and entities of all types.

 

We will set up a group of innovation and business startups demonstration centers and build a series of platforms to support innovation and business startups. Dedicated campaigns will be carried out to develop innovation and business startups demonstration centers in enterprises and colleges, while systemic and institutional reforms regarding venture capital will be pushed forward. Furthermore, we will increase policy support for innovation and business startups service organizations such as incubators and maker spaces.

 

We will increase assistance and support for enterprises which have suffered from the epidemic, increase the number of business startups eligible for guaranteed loans, relax counter-guarantee requirements for high-quality projects, and increase support for key groups in finding their niche when starting their businesses.

（六）持续推进市场化改革，进一步激发经济发展活力动力。抓紧出台进一步深化改革举措，着力破解制约发展的体制机制障碍，坚持和完善社会主义基本经济制度。

 

6. Advancing market-based reforms and further stimulating the vigor and dynamism of economic development

 

We will lose no time in introducing measures to deepen reforms, remove institutional obstacles that hold back development, and uphold and improve the basic socialist economic system.

 

一是深化“放管服”改革。全面落实《优化营商环境条例》，总结推广疫情防控期间各地高效服务企业的经验做法。完善营商环境评价指标体系和评价方法，在全国部分地级及以上城市、国家级新区定期开展中国营商环境评价。推动各地开通企业开办“一网通办”平台，进一步简化审批和登记手续，实现企业开办全程网上办理。放宽小微企业、个体工商户登记经营场所限制，便利各类创业者注册经营，及时享受扶持政策。深入推进“证照分离”改革。进一步压减中央和地方层面设定的行政许可以及备案、登记、年检、认定等事项。深入开展投资审批制度改革，建立健全投资审批清单制度，完善投资项目统一代码制度。推行并联审批，谋划承诺制改革，进一步提高项目落地效率。以“多规合一”为基础，深化规划用地“多审合一”“多证合一”改革，推进“多测合一”“多验合一”。加快推进政府采购法和招标投标法修订工作。在市场监管领域实现相关部门“双随机、一公开”监管全覆盖。促进公共资源交易市场健康有序发展，全面实施电子化交易。深入推进“互联网+政务服务”，加快打造全国政务服务“一张网”，进一步压减办税事项、纳税时间，整合各类动产登记和权利担保登记系统，不断提升政务服务效能。大力推行信用承诺制度，深入开展“信易贷”工作，提升社会信用体系建设法治化、规范化水平。基本完成行业协会商会与行政机关脱钩改革。

 

1) We will deepen reforms to streamline administration and delegate power, improve regulation, and upgrade services. 

 

We will faithfully enforce the Regulations on Improving the Business Environment, and summarize and publicize the experiences and practices of local governments in providing efficient services for businesses during epidemic prevention and control. We will refine the standards and methods for assessing the business environment, and regularly conduct such assessments in some of the cities at or above the prefecture level as well as in state-level new areas.

 

We will encourage local governments to set up online platforms on which all the documents required for starting a business are processed, further simplifying business approval and registration procedures, and thereby moving all of these procedures online. We will relax restrictions on the registered place of operations for micro and small businesses and self-employed individuals, so as to make registration and operation more convenient for all types of people to start businesses and allow them to enjoy the benefits of supporting policies in a timely manner. We will make further progress with the reform to separate out the business license from the certificates required for starting a business.

 

We will further reduce the number of items subject to administrative approval, filing, registration, annual review or verification by central or local authorities. We will advance reform of the investment approval system, establish a sound list-based system for investment approval, and improve the unified code system for investment projects. We will extend combined review and approval, and work on a commitment-based approval model, thereby increasing the efficiency with which a project goes from paper to reality.

 

In accordance with the policy of rolling separate urban plans into one single plan, we will proceed with the reform to reduce the number of reviews and certifications required for land use planning, and integrate multiple surveys or inspections into a single one.

 

We will accelerate revision of the Government Procurement Law and the Public Bidding Law. In the relevant agencies of market regulation, the oversight model of random inspection by randomly selected personnel and prompt release of inspection results will cover all business activities. With regard to the trading of public resources, we will promote the healthy, orderly development of the market, and introduce online trading across the board.

 

In order to increase the efficiency of government services, we will push on with the Internet plus government services model. This includes establishing an integrated network of government services across the country, further reducing the procedural items and time required for filing and paying taxes, as well as integrating various registration systems for chattel and chattel mortgage.

 

Meanwhile, we will vigorously promote the credibility commitments system, advance the initiative for granting loans based on good credit, and ensure that our social credit system becomes more law- and procedure-based.

 

The reform to delink industry associations and chambers of commerce from the government will be essentially completed.

 

二是建设高标准市场体系。实施新时代加快完善社会主义市场经济体制的意见。制定实施高标准市场体系建设行动方案。构建更加完善的要素市场化配置体制机制，开展要素市场化配置综合改革试点。全面实施市场准入负面清单制度，以服务业为重点开展放宽市场准入试点，探索实施市场准入负面清单许可事项审批在线监管和综合评估。推动地方建立市场准入隐性壁垒台账，重点破除民营企业特别是中小微企业准入障碍。研究制定竞争政策的指导意见，修订完善公平竞争审查制度实施细则。强化对各类产权平等保护的法律规定。健全支持民营经济发展的法治环境，保护民营企业、民营企业家合法财产权和经营权。加强和改进反垄断和反不正当竞争执法，强化企业商业秘密保护。建立健全知识产权侵权惩罚性赔偿制度，加大知识产权执法力度，加强专利转化和应用。

 

2) We will build a high-standard market system.  

 

We will implement the guidelines on speeding up the improvement of the socialist market economy in the new era, and formulate an action plan for building a high-standard market system. We will develop sound institutions and mechanisms for the market-based allocation of production factors, and pilot comprehensive reforms in this regard.

 

With regard to the issue of market access, we will implement the negative list system across the board, carry out trials to ease restrictions mainly in the service sector, and look into conducting online oversight and comprehensive assessment of business permits approval based on the negative list. We will urge local governments to keep track of hidden barriers to market access and give priority to dismantling these barriers for private enterprises, especially micro, small, and medium-sized ones.

 

We will formulate the guidelines on competition policies, and revise and refine the rules for implementing the review system for fair competition.

 

We will tighten the laws and regulations regarding equal protection of all types of property rights. We will cultivate a positive legal environment for the development of the private sector, and protect the legitimate property rights and management rights of private businesses and their owners.

 

We will strengthen and improve enforcement of anti-monopoly and anti-unfair-competition laws, and strengthen the protection of commercial secrets. We will also set up a strong punitive damages system for intellectual property rights (IPR) infringements, intensify the enforcement of IPR laws, and step up the commercialization and application of patents.

 

三是加快国资国企和重点行业改革。制定实施国企改革三年行动方案，加快推动国有经济布局优化和结构调整，健全现代企业制度，着力形成以管资本为主的国有资产监管体制。积极深化混合所有制改革，做深做实四批试点，制定出台深化国有企业混合所有制改革的实施意见。推动市场化债转股增量扩面提质，引导金融资产投资公司参与推进传统产业市场化重组。加快推进国有企业退休人员社会化管理，基本完成剥离办社会职能和解决历史遗留问题。

 

3) We will speed up reforms of state assets, SOEs, and key industries. 

 

We will formulate and implement a three-year action plan for SOE reform, step up improved distribution and structural adjustment of the state-owned sector of the economy, improve the modern corporate structure, and strive to create a system for state-owned assets oversight with the focus on state capital.

 

In actively deepening mixed-ownership reform of SOEs, we will devote substantial efforts to the four groups of pilot reforms, and issue guidelines for this reform. We will work to increase both the scale and quality of market-based debt-to-equity swaps in more areas and guide financial asset investment companies in participating in the market-based reorganization of traditional industries. We will work quickly to put SOE retirees under community-based social insurance management, and essentially relieve SOEs of their obligations to run social programs and help them resolve other longstanding issues.

 

四是深化财税、金融、价格体制改革。扎实推进中央与地方财政事权和支出责任划分改革，健全地方税体系，逐步后移消费税征收环节并稳步下划地方。探索运用零基预算理念，打破支出固化僵化格局。进一步提高国有资本经营预算调入一般公共预算比例。深化金融供给侧结构性改革，优化融资结构和金融机构体系、市场体系、产品体系，有序推进存量浮动利率贷款定价基准转换。出台创业板改革并试点注册制总体实施方案，继续提高直接融资特别是股权融资比例。完成第二监管周期输配电价改革，深化公用事业价格改革，清理规范城镇供水、供电、供气、供暖行业收费，落实燃煤发电价格形成机制改革，鼓励有条件的地方探索推行城镇生活垃圾处理差别化收费政策，继续深化电价、水价改革。完善油气管网价格形成机制。

 

4) We will deepen reform of the fiscal, tax, financial, and pricing systems. 

 

We will move forward with the reform to define the respective fiscal powers and expenditure responsibilities of central and local governments, improve local tax systems, take gradual steps to collect excise tax during a further downstream stage of the production-to-consumption process, and steadily hand over collection of such taxes to local governments.

 

We will explore an approach of zero-based budgeting in order to make the structure of government spending flexible and adaptable. We will further raise the proportion of funds allocated to general public budgets from state capital operations budgets.

 

In the financial sector, we will advance supply-side structural reform, optimize the composition of financing, improve the systems of financial institutions, markets, and products, and alter the benchmark for pricing existing floating-rate loans in an orderly manner. We will formulate a general plan for reforming the ChiNext stock market and piloting a registration-based IPO system, and further increase the scale of direct financing, particularly equity financing.

 

In deepening pricing reform for public utilities, we will complete electricity transmission and distribution pricing reform during the second regulatory period, overhaul and regulate charges for water, electricity, gas, and heating in urban areas, reform the pricing mechanism for electricity from coal-fired power plants, encourage localities to introduce a policy of differentiated charges for urban household waste treatment where conditions allow, and push forward the reform of electricity and water prices. We will also improve the pricing mechanism of oil and gas pipeline transportation.

 

（七）统筹推进城乡区域协调发展，培育壮大高质量发展动力源。发挥各地比较优势，推动乡村振兴战略和新型城镇化战略落地见效。

 

7. Promoting coordinated development between urban and rural areas and between different regions, and cultivating and strengthening drivers of high-quality development

 

We will leverage the comparative strengths of each region, and push forward implementation of the rural revitalization strategy and new urbanization initiative.

 

一是落实落细重大区域发展战略。落实区域协调发展新机制，持续推进西部大开发形成新格局，支持东北地区全面振兴全方位振兴，健全中部地区崛起政策体系和工作机制，继续推动东部地区率先发展。纵深推进京津冀协同发展，加快实施雄安新区重点建设项目，完善北京非首都功能疏解政策体系。大力推进长江经济带生态环境突出问题整改和系统性保护修复，加快构建综合交通运输体系，促进内河船舶改造。推动粤港澳大湾区基础设施互联互通，有序开展国际科技创新中心建设，加快横琴、河套等重大合作平台建设。高标准建设长三角生态绿色一体化示范区，推动长三角交通一体化更高质量发展，建设虹桥国际开放枢纽。抓紧做好黄河流域生态保护和高质量发展规划纲要编制和出台实施工作。大力支持成渝地区双城经济圈建设，打造全国高质量发展的重要增长极。积极推进西部陆海新通道建设。深化对口支援。支持少数民族和民族地区加快发展。推动国家级新区、开发区等功能平台创新提升发展，加快推进资源型地区经济转型和老工业城市更新改造。推动山西开展能源革命综合改革试点。继续推进承接产业转移示范区建设，在具备条件的内陆城市打造一批高端制造业基地。制定发展海洋经济加快建设海洋强国的意见。完善主体功能区战略和制度，编制《全国国土空间规划纲要（2021－2035）》。

 

1) We will ensure thorough and effective implementation of major strategies for regional development.

 

We will put in place the new mechanism for coordinated regional development, push on with work to create a new pattern of large-scale development of the western region, support the full revitalization of all sectors of the economy in northeast China, improve policy support and working mechanisms for the rise of the central region, and continue to support the eastern region in spearheading development.

 

We will further promote integrated development of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region, speed up key projects for the development of the Xiongan New Area, and improve the policy framework for relieving Beijing of functions nonessential to its role as the capital.

 

We will push forward with addressing prominent environmental problems in the Yangtze Economic Belt and systematically protecting and restoring its ecosystems, accelerate the building of an integrated transportation system, and support the renovation of river vessels.

 

We will promote infrastructure connectivity in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, develop the area into an international center for science and technology innovation in an orderly manner, and accelerate the development of Hengqin, Hetao, and other major platforms for greater cooperation in the Greater Bay Area.

 

We will adopt high standards in building demonstration zones for integrated, eco-friendly development of the Yangtze River Delta, and release a plan for integrated development of transportation in the Delta region, as well as a master plan for developing Shanghai’s Hongqiao District into an international hub for opening up.

 

We will act swiftly to formulate and implement a plan for the ecological conservation and high-quality development of the Yellow River basin.

 

We will provide substantial support for the development of the Chengdu-Chongqing economic zone, with the goal of turning this region into a major growth pole for China’s high-quality development. We will also promote the development of new land-sea transit routes for the western region. One-to-one assistance programs will be expanded. We will support ethnic minorities and ethnic minority areas in accelerating development.

 

We will promote innovation, upgrading, and development of major functional platforms such as state-level new areas and development zones, and speed up the economic transformation of resource-dependent areas and the upgrading and transformation of old industrial cities. We will also conduct trials of comprehensive energy reform in Shanxi Province.

 

We will push forward with the construction of demonstration zones for industrial relocation, and build a number of high-end manufacturing centers in inland cities with favorable conditions. We will formulate the Guidelines on Developing the Marine Economy and Building China into a Strong Maritime Country. We will refine the functional zoning strategy and system, and draw up the National Territorial Space Plan (2021-2035).

 

实施好支持湖北省经济社会发展的一揽子政策，支持保就业、保民生、保运转和产业链供应链稳定运行，促进湖北省经济社会运行正常秩序全面恢复。

 

We will ensure the implementation of a package of policies supporting Hubei Province with regard to its economic and social development, and facilitate its efforts to ensure the job security, basic living needs, the normal functioning of local governments, and the stability of the industrial chains and supply chains, so as to fully restore Hubei’s economic and social order.

 

二是推进以人为核心的新型城镇化建设。提高农业转移人口市民化质量，进一步完善配套政策，推动完成1亿非户籍人口在城市落户目标。引导超特大城市提升高端要素配置能力和国际竞争力，加快向外疏解非核心功能。推动省会和地级市等大中城市优化城市功能，补短板强弱项，改善公共服务品质，提升宜居宜业水平。加快推进县城新型城镇化建设，弥补环境卫生、市政公用、公共服务、产业配套等领域短板弱项，以适应农民日益增加的到县城就业安家需求。推动长江中游、中原、关中平原、山东半岛、北部湾等城市群重点领域发展，启动一批重点都市圈交通设施互联互通项目，支持城市群和中心城市提高综合承载和资源优化配置能力。提升城市治理现代化水平，增强城市韧性，推进新型智慧城市建设，打造城市数据大脑。推动城乡融合发展体制机制和政策体系落实落地，引导国家城乡融合发展试验区改革探索。

 

2) We will promote people-centered new urbanization.

 

We will work to help people from rural areas adjust better to urban life once they have been granted permanent urban residency, modify relevant policies, and move toward the goal of granting urban residency to 100 million people.

 

We will guide super-megacities in enhancing their high-end factors allocation capacity and international competitiveness, and step up the relocation of nonessential functions to other areas.

 

We will encourage large and medium-sized cities such as provincial capitals and prefecture-level cities to optimize their functions, to shore up weaknesses, and to improve public services, so as to make them comfortable places for people to live and work in.

 

We will encourage county seats to quicken the pace of new urbanization, while addressing any inadequacies with regard to environmental sanitation, municipal utilities, public services, and industrial support, thereby meeting the growing demand among rural residents for working and settling down in county seats.

 

We will boost the development in key sectors of city clusters in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River, the Central Plains, the Guanzhong Plains, and the Beibu Bay area, and on the Shandong Peninsular, launch a number of transportation connectivity projects in key metropolitan areas, and support city clusters and principal cities in enhancing overall carrying capacity and capacity with regard to the optimal allocation of resources.

 

We will enhance the modernization of urban governance, increase the resilience of cities, step up efforts to develop a new type of smart city, and create a “data brain” for cities.

 

We will ensure the implementation of the mechanisms and policies for integrated urban-rural development, and guide reform of national pilot zones for integrated urban-rural development.

 

三是压茬推进乡村振兴战略巩固脱贫成效。深入推进农村一二三产业融合发展，支持农产品加工园区建设，加快建设现代农业产业园，建设一批农村产业融合发展示范园、农业产业强镇和中国特色农产品优势区，培育一批乡村旅游重点村，创新发展具有民族和地域特色的乡村休闲旅游业、手工业等特色产业，加快发展乡村新型服务业，做大做强农业品牌。完善乡村产业发展用地保障政策。增强集体经济实力。加强现代农业设施建设，如期完成大中型灌区续建配套与节水改造。继续推进农村电网升级改造和农村道路建设，加快农村地区宽带网络和移动通信网络覆盖。以疫情防治为切入点，深入开展普遍性村庄清洁行动。因地制宜推进农村厕所革命，强化生活垃圾和污水处理，完成农村人居环境整治三年行动任务。探索建立农业绿色发展支撑体系，加强农业面源污染监测和治理。做好县域村庄空间布局规划，加快编制多规合一的实用性村庄规划。启动农村水系综合整治试点县建设。推动农村能源发展，加快推进农业废弃物能源化资源化利用。深入开展乡村治理体系建设试点示范。

 

3) We will make solid progress with regard to the rural revitalization strategy and consolidate progress in poverty alleviation.

 

We will push forward the integrated development of primary, secondary, and tertiary industries in rural areas. We will support the construction of industrial parks for processing agricultural products, and accelerate the construction of modern agricultural industrial parks, while at the same time developing a number of demonstration parks for the integrated development of rural industries, towns with advantages in terms of agribusiness, and areas for growing local specialty agricultural products. We will also develop a number of key villages for the promotion of rural tourism, take new approaches in developing rural leisure tourism and handicrafts industries with distinctive ethnic or local features, accelerate the growth of new types of services in rural areas, and support agricultural branding. We will improve the policy of ensuring land use for rural industrial development, and strengthen the collective economy.

 

We will step up the construction of modern agricultural facilities, and complete the projects to build auxiliary facilities and update water-saving systems in medium- and large-scale irrigation areas as scheduled. We will continue to upgrade the rural power grid, build rural roads, and accelerate the expansion of broadband internet networks and mobile communications networks in rural areas.

 

With a view to epidemic prevention and control, we will launch extensive village cleaning initiatives. We will make progress in the Toilet Revolution while taking into account local circumstances, improve household waste and sewage treatment, and complete the three-year campaign to improve rural living environments. We will explore the development of a system for supporting green agricultural development, and further monitor and control agricultural pollution from non-point sources.

 

We will push counties to formulate sound plans for the spatial layout of their villages and to roll separate village development plans into a single practical plan. We will carry out trials for comprehensive improvement of rural river systems in selected counties, promote energy development in rural areas, and accelerate the recovery of energy and resources from agricultural waste. We will also continue with the piloting and demonstration of the rural governance model.

 

（八）加快建设更高水平开放型经济新体制，推动对外开放取得新进展。积极应对疫情全球蔓延的不利影响，高质量推进共建“一带一路”，稳住外贸外资基本盘。

 

8. Developing new institutions for a higher-level open economy and making new progress in opening up

 

We will actively respond to the damaging effect of the global pandemic, promote high-quality cooperation under the Belt and Road Initiative, and maintain overall stability of foreign investment and foreign trade.

 

一是保持进出口基本稳定。大力开拓多元化市场，支持企业通过网上洽谈、网上办展等方式，促合作、拓市场。支持和鼓励出口企业积极开拓国内市场，积极对冲外需萎缩影响。支持跨境电商贸易、市场采购贸易等外贸新业态新模式加快发展。进一步推动综合保税区高水平开放高质量发展。推动新一轮服务贸易创新发展试点。稳定加工贸易发展。在风险可控前提下，支持扩大短期出口信用保险业务并降低费率，设立中长期政策性出口信用保险专项安排。积极筹办第三届中国国际进口博览会。积极参与国际物流供应链建设，保障国际货运畅通。

 

1) We will maintain basic stability in imports and exports. 

 

We will vigorously diversify foreign markets, and support our enterprises in holding online negotiations and exhibitions to boost cooperation and expand markets. We will assist and encourage exporters in exploring the domestic market, in an active effort to mitigate the impact of dwindling foreign demand.

 

We will support new forms and models of foreign trade, such as cross-border e-commerce and the market procurement trade, in growing more quickly. We will elevate the opening up and development of integrated bonded areas to a higher level. We will launch another round of trials for encouraging innovation in developing the trade in services. At the same time, we will also strive for stability in the processing trade.

 

While controlling risks, we will support an increase in short-term export credit insurance business with lower premiums, and launch special policy schemes for medium- and long-term credit insurance on exports.

 

We will make active preparations for the third China International Import Expo. We will also actively participate in the development of international logistics and supply chains to ensure the smooth shipment of cargo worldwide.

 

二是积极利用外资。全面实施外商投资法及配套法规。大幅缩减外资准入负面清单，深化服务业、金融业、制造业、农业对外开放。做好招商、安商、稳商工作，扩大鼓励外商投资产业目录范围，继续推动一批重大外资项目落地。推广服务业扩大开放试点经验。加强外资企业服务，确保内外资企业同等享受助企纾困政策。加大我投资环境与政策宣介，吸引国际资源要素有序流入。进一步发挥国外贷款、中长期外债等低成本资金作用，防范外债风险。

 

2) We will make greater use of foreign investment. 

 

We will enforce to the letter the Foreign Investment Law as well as the supporting rules and regulations. We will significantly shorten the negative list for foreign investment, and further open up the service, financial, manufacturing, and agricultural sectors.

 

We will continue to attract foreign investors while creating a comfortable and stable environment for them, expand the catalog of industries for foreign investment, and help more major foreign-funded projects come to fruition. We will publicize the experiences gained in further opening up the service sector. We will improve services for foreign-funded businesses, and ensure that both foreign and domestic enterprises are entitled to assistance from our epidemic relief policies. We will give more publicity to China’s investment environment and policies to attract international resources and factors of production to China in a well-ordered way.

 

We will further leverage the role of foreign loans, medium- and long-term foreign debt, and other low-cost capital, and guard against debt risks.

 

三是推动共建“一带一路”高质量发展。落实好第二届“一带一路”国际合作高峰论坛成果。深入推进与重点国家及国际组织务实合作，提高风险防控和处置能力。扎实推进与周边国家互联互通，稳步推进中蒙俄、中巴、中国－中南半岛经济走廊等建设。持续推动中欧班列高质量发展，深化数字丝绸之路建设合作。鼓励开展人文交流，夯实共建“一带一路”民意基础。进一步强化国际次区域合作。

 

3) We will strive for high-quality cooperation with regard to the Belt and Road Initiative.

 

We must act on the outcomes of the second Belt and Road Forum for International Cooperation. We will push forward practical cooperation with key countries and international organizations and increase our ability to prevent, control, and address risks.

 

We will take solid steps to increase connectivity with neighboring countries, steadily advancing the development of the China-Mongolia-Russia, China-Pakistan, and China-Indochina Peninsula economic corridors. We will continue to promote the high-quality development of China-Europe freight train services, while pursuing closer cooperation in building the Digital Silk Road.

 

We will encourage more people-to-people exchanges in order to build stronger public support for the BRI. We will also ratchet up sub-regional cooperation.

 

四是加快对外开放高地建设。深化经济特区改革开放。加快落实自贸试验区改革试点任务，赋予自贸试验区更大改革自主权，形成更多高质量的可复制可推广制度创新成果。发布实施海南自由贸易港建设总体方案，切实抓好早期政策安排落地。出台海南自由贸易港跨境服务贸易负面清单。在中西部地区增设自贸试验区、综合保税区。提高沿边开发开放水平，支持沿边重点开发开放试验区建设。

 

4) We will speed up the development of opening-up pacesetters. 

 

We will deepen reform and opening up in special economic zones. We will accelerate pilot reforms of pilot free trade zones, and give pilot free trade zones greater decision-making power over reform, so as to achieve more, high-quality results of institutional innovation that can then be replicated and applied in other areas.

 

We will issue a comprehensive plan for developing the Hainan Free Trade Port, ensure that preliminary policies and arrangements are put into action, and introduce a negative list for cross-border trade in services in this area.

 

We will set up more pilot free trade zones and integrated bonded areas in the central and western regions. We will promote the opening up and development of border areas and support the development of key pilot zones for development and opening up in these areas.

 

五是推动境外投资平稳健康发展。坚持企业主体，完善分类指导，优化境外投资结构。稳步开展国际产能合作，开拓多元化市场，带动装备、技术、服务、品牌、标准“走出去”。健全境外投资政策和服务体系，为设计、咨询、会计、认证、法律等生产性服务业加快国际化发展营造良好环境，便利企业因地制宜建设海外仓。积极拓展第三方市场合作。引导企业健全境外合规管理体系，规范企业境外经营行为，加强境外风险防范。

 

5) We will promote the stable, healthy development of outbound investment. 

 

While ensuring that enterprises play the principal role in outbound investment, we will provide better category-specific guidance, and work to improve the composition of China’s outbound investment.

 

We will steadfastly develop international cooperation on production capacity, diversify overseas markets, and boost the global reach of Chinese equipment, technologies, services, brands, and standards.

 

We will improve policies and services for outbound investment, and create a favorable environment for producer services such as design, consultation, accounting, certification, and legal services in order to go global quickly, while making it easier for enterprises to build overseas warehouses in light of local conditions.

 

We will actively broaden third-party market cooperation. We will also guide enterprises in improving their compliance management for overseas operations, ensure their business activities abroad are procedure-based, and strengthen overseas risk prevention.

 

六是积极参与国际经济治理。坚定维护多边贸易体制，积极参与世界贸易组织（WTO）等多边机构改革。推动实施更高水平自贸区战略，争取区域全面经济伙伴关系协定（RCEP）如期签署，加快推进中日韩等自贸区谈判。

 

6) We will actively participate in global economic governance. 

 

We will, as ever, staunchly safeguard the multilateral trade system while actively participating in reform of the World Trade Organization and other multilateral organizations.

 

We will implement the strategy of developing higher-level free trade zones, work to realize the adoption of the RCEP Agreement as scheduled, and accelerate negotiations on establishing the China-Japan-RoK Free Trade Area.

 

（九）切实做好民生兜底工作，保障人民群众基本生活需要。针对疫情带来的民生问题，通过加大投入、落实政策保障予以有效解决。

 

9. Ensuring people’s wellbeing and satisfying their basic needs

 

We will effectively solve those problems affecting people’s wellbeing that were caused by the epidemic through increasing input and ensuring the implementation of relevant policies.

 

一是千方百计稳定就业。加大对受疫情影响的中小企业的帮扶力度，支持企业稳定岗位，规范企业裁员行为。推进公共就业服务城乡常住人口全覆盖，畅通失业登记渠道，支持建立共享用工、就业保障等服务平台，充分发挥经营性人力资源机构等市场化服务力量。加快落实已出台各项招生、入伍扩招计划，国有企业今明两年连续扩大高校毕业生招聘规模。鼓励大学毕业生到基层就业，扩大“三支一扶”计划等基层服务项目和见习实施规模。发挥创业带动就业倍增效应，实施农村创新创业带头人培育行动，支持农民工、高校毕业生和退役军人等人员返乡入乡创业，促进多渠道灵活就业，合理设定流动摊贩经营场所。在公共基础设施建设中，尽可能吸纳农村劳动者就地就近就业。推进公共职业技能培训基础平台共建共享，加大职业技能培训支持力度，对未继续升学的应届初、高中毕业生和青年登记失业人员，动员参加劳动预备制培训。今明两年职业技能培训3500万人次以上，完成三年培训5000万人次目标任务。高职院校扩招200万人。

 

1) We will use all possible means to keep employment stable.

 

We will enhance assistance and support for small and medium-sized businesses affected by the epidemic, support enterprises in keeping employment stable, and regulate layoffs. We will increase the provision of public employment services so that they cover both urban and rural permanent residents, ensure that channels are open for people to register as unemployed, and support the development of service platforms for employee sharing and employment support in order to fully exert the role of for-profit human resource agencies and other market-based service providers.

 

We will accelerate the execution of various existing plans for enlarging college enrollment and military recruitment, while SOEs will keep expanding recruitment of college graduates both during this year and the next. We will encourage college graduates to find employment at the community level. We will provide more internship opportunities and encourage more college graduates to provide community-level services by serving as teachers, agro-technicians, medical staff, and poverty relief workers in townships.

 

We will leverage the role of business startups in boosting employment, launch the initiative to develop leaders for innovation and business startups in rural areas, support migrant workers, college graduates, and demobilized military personnel in returning home or moving to the countryside to start businesses, facilitate flexible employment through multiple channels, and appropriately set aside venues for street vendors. Public infrastructure projects will be encouraged to hire more local people so that rural workers can work closer to home.

 

We will support the joint development and sharing of basic platforms for public vocational skills training. We will give greater support to vocational skills training, and mobilize junior and senior high school graduates who are unable to continue their education as well as young people who are registered as unemployed to undertake pre-employment training. Over the course of this year and the next, vocational skills training programs will provide at least 35 million places, thereby completing the goal of providing 50 million training places in three years, while vocational colleges will expand their enrollments by 2 million.

 

二是加快补齐公共卫生短板。健全公共卫生服务体系，强化公共卫生法制保障，适当提高基本公共卫生服务经费财政补助标准，加强公共卫生人才队伍建设和基层防控能力建设。改革疾病预防控制体制。完善重大疫情防控体制机制，健全国家公共卫生应急管理体系，全面加强疾控中心能力建设，力争各省都有达到生物安全三级水平的实验室，构建以传染病专科医院和综合医院感染科、呼吸科等为骨干、其他医疗机构为预备队的动员机制，规划布局国家重大疫情救治基地。深化公立医院综合改革。发展“互联网+医疗健康”。提高城乡社区医疗服务能力。推进分级诊疗。构建和谐医患关系。促进中医药振兴发展，完善中医医疗服务体系。进一步推进全民预防保健。深入实施健康中国行动。

 

2) We will move quickly to address inadequacies in public health services.

 

We will improve the public health services system and strengthen legal guarantees in this area, while appropriately increasing government subsidies for basic public health services. We will build up the ranks of public health workers, and enhance disease prevention and control capabilities at the community level.

 

We will reform the disease prevention and control mechanism. We will improve the prevention and control system and mechanisms for major epidemics, and refine the national system for public health emergency responses. We will comprehensively build up centers for disease control and prevention, and ensure that bio-safety level-3 laboratories are available in all provinces.

 

We will put in place a mobilization mechanism whereby specialized infectious disease hospitals as well as the infectious and respiratory departments of comprehensive hospitals play the main role and other medical institutions act as the reserve, and make plans for national major epidemic treatment bases.

 

We will deepen the comprehensive reform of public hospitals, develop Internet Plus Healthcare models, and improve the capacity of medical services in urban and rural communities. We will press ahead with tiered medical diagnosis and treatment, and work to ensure that interactions between doctor and patient are amicable.

 

We will facilitate the revitalization of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), and refine the TCM medical services system. We will continue to press ahead with preventive health care for the general public, and carry forward the Healthy China initiative.

 

三是加快社会保障体系建设。稳步提高基本医保基金统筹层次，推进做实医保地市级统筹，鼓励有条件的地方探索推进省级统筹。建立国家医保药品目录动态调整机制。提高医保基金使用效率，完善总额预算管理，推行符合不同医疗服务特点的医保支付方式，加强定点医药机构绩效考核，深入开展异地就医直接结算。居民医保人均财政补助标准提高30元。完善短缺药品供应保障，进一步深化医疗、医保、医药联动改革。有序扩大国家组织药品集中采购和使用药品品种范围，开展国家组织高值医用耗材集中采购试点。推进失业保险省级统筹，全面实现工伤保险省级统筹。加快推进养老保险全国统筹，实现企业职工基本养老保险基金省级统收统支，适度提高城乡居民基础养老金最低标准。落实好各项社会保险阶段性减免、缓缴和降低费率政策，确保社保待遇按时足额发放。加快划转部分国有资本充实社保基金。加快多层次社会保障体系建设，大力发展企业（职业）年金、补充医疗保险，建立并推动养老保险第三支柱发展。扩大失业保险保障范围，将参保不足1年的农民工等失业人员都纳入常住地保障。扩大低保保障范围，对城乡困难家庭应保尽保，将符合条件的城镇失业和返乡人员及时纳入低保等救助范围。做好因公殉职人员抚恤工作。保障妇女、儿童、老年人、残疾人合法权益，健全农村留守儿童和妇女、老年人关爱服务体系。推进保障性安居工程建设，大力培育和发展租赁住房，加大城市困难群众住房保障工作力度。

 

3) We will step up improvement of our social security system.

 

We will steadily turn over the overall management of basic medical insurance accounts to higher-level authorities, ensure the effective management of basic medical insurance accounts at the prefecture-level, and encourage explorations of provincial-level unified management where conditions allow. We will put in place a dynamic mechanism for adjusting the catalog of medicines covered by medical insurance. We will make more efficient use of medical insurance funds, improve budgetary management in this regard, adopt diverse methods for making medical insurance payouts for different medical services, strengthen performance evaluations of designated medical institutions, and realize trans-provincial settlement of medical bills via basic medical insurance accounts. We will increase annual government subsidy with regard to basic medical insurance for rural and non-working urban residents by 30 yuan per person.

 

We will improve the mechanism for guaranteeing the supply of in-demand medicines, and further coordinate medical service, medical insurance, and pharmaceutical reforms. We will gradually bring more types of medicines under the scheme for centralized state medicine procurement and use, and conduct trials on state centralized procurement of high-value medical consumables.

 

We will encourage provincial-level unified management of unemployment insurance funds, and fully ensure provincial-level unified management of workers’ compensation funds. We will move faster to bring old-age insurance funds under national unified management, while realizing the unified collection and spending of enterprise employees’ basic old-age insurance funds at the provincial level. The basic old-age benefits for rural and non-working urban residents will be appropriately increased.

 

We will effectively implement the time-limited policies for reducing, exempting, and postponing payment of social insurance premiums, and ensure that relevant benefits are paid on time and in full. We will move quickly to appropriate a portion of state capital to replenish social security funds.

 

We will speed up the establishment of a multi-tiered social security system, devote substantial efforts to developing enterprise annuities, occupational annuities, and supplemental medical insurance programs, and promote the establishment and development of the “third pillar” of old-age insurance.

 

We will expand the coverage of unemployment insurance, making sure local insurance schemes cover all unemployed people such as rural migrant workers that have been insured for less than one year. We will expand the coverage of subsistence allowances to all urban and rural households in need, and provide, in a timely manner, subsistence allowances and other forms of assistance for eligible unemployed urban residents and returning rural migrant workers.

 

We will guarantee benefits for the families of those who have died in service of the public. We will safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of women, children, elderly people, and the disabled, and improve the system for supporting and caring for children, women, and elderly people left behind in rural areas. We will improve the housing support system, strive to foster and develop the housing rental market, and do more to help disadvantaged urban residents solve their housing problems.

 

四是稳定居民收入增长保障重点群体基本生活。进一步稳定居民财产性收入增长预期，适度扩大国债、地方政府债券面向个人投资者的发行额度。鼓励有条件的地区进一步提高居民转移性收入。统筹推进收入分配重点领域改革，健全工资指导线和企业薪酬调查制度。保障外出农民工在常住地享有与城镇户籍人口同等的就业创业政策，依法保障农民工劳动报酬权益，从源头上防止发生新的农民工工资拖欠，推动进城农民工更好地融入城市。做好重点农产品、重点时段价格调控工作，落实好社会救助和保障标准与物价上涨挂钩联动机制，强化对困难群众的兜底保障。进一步统筹完善城乡社会救助制度，稳步提高城乡低保标准，继续推进落实低保等救助政策与扶贫政策衔接。

 

4) We will realize a stable increase in personal incomes and guarantee basic living standards for key groups.

 

We will further stabilize people’s expectations about increases in property incomes, and appropriately increase the amount of bonds issued by both central and local governments to individuals. We will encourage areas to further raise the transfer incomes of their residents where conditions allow. We will coordinate reforms of the income distribution system in key sectors, and improve the systems of wage guidelines and salary surveys for enterprises. We will ensure that migrant workers enjoy the same policies for employment and business startups as the registered residents of the cities in which they work, and that they are paid for their work in accordance with law, and stop any new issues regarding wage arrears for rural migrant workers at the source, so that they are better able to integrate into the cities they have moved to.

 

We will tighten oversight over the price of major agricultural products at important junctures. We will continue the practice of increasing social security assistance and benefit payments in step with price rises, and ensure that the basic needs of people facing difficulties are met.

 

We will coordinate efforts to build a sound social assistance system covering both urban and rural populations, steadily increase urban and rural subsistence allowances, and continue to link policies regarding subsistence allowances and other forms of assistance with poverty alleviation policies.

 

五是持续提高公共服务水平。推动国家基本公共服务标准出台，推进基层服务机构标准化试点。稳定教育投入，优化投入结构，缩小城乡、区域、校际差距。巩固城乡义务教育经费保障机制，积极化解城镇义务教育学校大班额，加强乡镇寄宿制学校和乡村小规模学校、县城学校建设，完善随迁子女义务教育入学政策。办好特殊教育、继续教育。多渠道扩大普惠性学前教育资源，支持深度贫困地区优质普惠学前教育资源扩容建设，帮助民办幼儿园纾困。加快实施高中阶段教育普及攻坚，持续改善贫困地区学校基本办学条件。稳步发展普通本科教育和研究生教育。支持中西部高校发展。扩大高校面向农村和贫困地区招生规模。普通高等教育本专科招生920万人，研究生招生111.4万人。大力推进国家产教融合建设试点。加强教师队伍建设。推进教育信息化。积极应对人口老龄化，支持社会力量发展普惠养老、普惠托育服务。繁荣发展哲学社会科学。加强文物保护利用和非物质文化遗产传承。继续实施文化旅游提升工程，积极推动黄河文化保护传承弘扬，加快推进重大文化设施项目建设，推动全域旅游、乡村旅游和红色旅游发展。积极推进海南国际旅游消费中心、横琴国际休闲旅游岛、平潭国际旅游岛等建设。加快推进“互联网+旅游”发展。深入开展“领跑者”行动，全面推进家政服务业提质扩容。推进冬奥会场馆建设。实施应急管理能力标准化建设，加快推动战略应急物资储备安全管理体制机制改革。加强自然灾害监测预警，加快自然灾害防治重大工程实施，做好防灾减灾和救灾工作。加强和创新社会治理，健全社区管理和服务机制，提升基层应急能力。深化公共法律服务体系建设。加强和改进食品、药品安全监管。严格落实安全生产责任制，做好安全生产和隐患排查，坚决防止各类重特大事故灾难发生。

 

5) We will continue to improve public services.

 

We will promote the formulation of national standards for basic public services, and push forward the standardization of community-level service providers. We will stabilize spending on education, optimize the mix of spending, and reduce the disparities between urban and rural areas, between regions, and between schools.

 

We will reinforce the funding mechanism for compulsory education in urban and rural areas, actively address the problem of oversized classes in urban compulsory education schools, step up the development of boarding schools located in towns and townships, small rural schools, and county schools, and refine the policy of ensuring access to compulsory education for children who live with their migrant worker parents. We will provide quality special needs education and continuing education.

 

We will increase the provision of public-interest preschool education through multiple channels, support efforts to make high-quality, public-interest preschool educational resources more broadly available in deeply impoverished areas, and help private kindergartens overcome difficulties. We will move quickly to universalize senior secondary education and continue to improve the conditions of schools in impoverished areas. We will steadily develop regular undergraduate and graduate education, support the development of colleges in the western region, and increase college enrollment of students from rural and poor areas.

 

Regular institutions of higher learning are projected to enroll 9.20 million undergraduate students and 1.114 million graduate students. We will push forward trials of greater integration between industry and vocational education, strengthen the workforce of teachers and promote IT application in education.

 

We will respond proactively to population aging, and support private entities in running more public-interest elderly care and childcare services.

 

We will ensure that philosophy and the social sciences flourish. We will ensure that China’s cultural and historical artifacts are given effective protection and are used to greater benefit, and that our intangible cultural heritage is carried forward. We will continue with the implementation of projects for the promotion of culture and tourism, promote the protection and development of the Yellow River culture, accelerate the construction of major cultural facilities, and push forward the development of all-for-one tourism, rural tourism, and tourism related to the early history of the CPC. We will continue to develop Hainan into an international tourism and shopping destination, to develop Hengqin as an international leisure and tourism resort, and to develop Pingtan into an international tourism island. We will also boost the development of the Internet Plus Tourism model.

 

We will introduce a “pacesetter” initiative to improve the quality and expand the size of the domestic services sector across the board, and move forward with the construction of venues for the 2022 Winter Olympics.

 

We will strengthen the standardization of emergency management, and accelerate reform of the management systems and mechanisms for ensuring the security of reserves of strategic goods and emergency supplies.

 

We will improve monitoring and early warning of natural disasters, and step up implementation of major projects for natural disaster prevention and control, so as to ensure effective disaster prevention, mitigation, and relief.

 

We will improve and develop new approaches to social governance, improve the mechanism for community management and services, and enhance community-level emergency response capacity. We will also step up development of the public legal service system.

 

We will tighten and improve oversight over food and drug safety. We will strictly enforce the accountability system for workplace safety, ensure workplace safety, search for potential dangers, and resolutely prevent the occurrence of major accidents of all types.

 

全面准确贯彻“一国两制”、“港人治港”、“澳人治澳”、高度自治的方针，始终坚定支持和推动香港、澳门融入国家发展大局。立足香港作为国际金融、航运、贸易中心的优势，落实好内地与香港建立更紧密经贸关系的安排（CEPA）系列协定。支持澳门推进世界旅游休闲中心、中国与葡语国家商贸合作服务平台等建设。扩大两岸经济文化交流合作，为台胞台企提供更多发展机遇、同等待遇。

 

We will fully and faithfully implement the policy of One Country, Two Systems, under which the people of Hong Kong govern Hong Kong and the people of Macao govern Macao, with a high degree of autonomy for both regions. We will firmly support and encourage Hong Kong and Macao in integrating into the overall development of the country.

 

To fully leverage Hong Kong’s standing as an international financial, shipping, and trade center, we will implement the agreements made under the Closer Economic Partnership Arrangement (CEPA) between the mainland and Hong Kong.

 

We will support Macao’s endeavor to become a world tourism and leisure center and to serve as a platform for facilitating business and trade cooperation between China and Portuguese-speaking countries.

 

We will continue expanding cross-Strait economic and cultural exchanges and cooperation, create more development opportunities for our fellow countrymen and women from Taiwan and for their businesses, and treat them the same as local residents.

 

今年还有一项重要任务，就是要按照党中央、国务院决策部署，在全面评估“十三五”规划实施情况基础上，广泛征求意见，集聚民智，编制国民经济和社会发展第十四个五年规划《纲要》，统筹推进“十四五”国家级专项规划、区域规划、空间规划、地方规划编制工作，做好“十四五”规划《纲要草案》提交十三届全国人大四次会议审查的准备。

 

This year, we have an additional important task to perform: In accordance with the decisions and plans of the CPC Central Committee and the State Council, and on the basis of conducting an overall evaluation of the implementation of the 13th Five-Year Plan, we will widely solicit opinions and draw on the wisdom of the people, and thereby formulate the 14th Five-Year Plan for Economic and Social Development (2021-2025). We will coordinate the drafting of national subject-specific plans, regional plans, spatial plans, and local plans during the 14th Five-Year Plan period, and prepare to submit the draft 14th Five-Year Plan to the fourth session of the 13th NPC for its deliberation.

 

各位代表：

 

Esteemed Deputies,

 

统筹做好2020年疫情防控和经济社会发展工作意义重大，任务艰巨。我们要更加紧密地团结在以习近平同志为核心的党中央周围，高举中国特色社会主义伟大旗帜，以习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想为指导，增强“四个意识”、坚定“四个自信”、做到“两个维护”，按照党中央、国务院决策部署，自觉接受全国人大的监督，认真听取全国政协的意见和建议，迎难而上、求真务实，主动担当、攻坚克难，在常态化疫情防控中着力抓经济、促生产、拓需求，努力完成全年经济社会发展目标任务，全面建成小康社会，为开启全面建设社会主义现代化国家新征程打下坚实基础。

 

Coordinating epidemic containment and economic and social development in 2020 is both a demanding and an important task. We will rally ever closer around the CPC Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core, hold high the great banner of socialism with Chinese characteristics, and follow the guidance of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era. We must keep firmly in mind the need to maintain political integrity, think in big-picture terms, follow the leadership core, and keep in alignment; strengthen our confidence in the path, theory, system, and culture of socialism with Chinese characteristics; and resolutely uphold General Secretary Xi Jinping’s core position on the Party Central Committee and in the Party as a whole, and resolutely uphold the Party Central Committee’s authority and its centralized, unified leadership.

 

We will act on the decisions and plans of the CPC Central Committee and the State Council, readily accept the oversight of the NPC, and welcome comments and suggestions from the CPPCC National Committee.

 

Let us rise to each challenge, take pragmatic measures, shoulder our responsibilities, and tackle major difficulties in driving the economy forward, boosting production, and expanding demand, while at the same time continuing with our regular epidemic prevention and control efforts. Let us strive to realize our economic and social development goals for the year, complete the building of a moderately prosperous society in all respects, and provide a solid foundation as we embark on a new journey to comprehensively build a modern socialist China.

资源下载此资源仅限包年VIP下载，请先
虚拟货币，支付后概不退回。
分页阅读 1
weinxin
我的微信
英文巴士公众号
扫一扫，资讯早。
 最后更新：2020-6-11
  • 版权声明 本文源自 新华网， sisu04 整理 发表于 2020年5月30日 17:29:39