三、美国性别歧视问题的严重后果
Chapter 3 The Serious Consequences of Gender Discrimination in the United States 文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/8306.html
文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/8306.html
妇女人权是普遍人权的不可分割的重要组成部分，妇女的权利及其实现状况是衡量一个国家人权状况的重要标志。美国存在着严重的性别歧视问题，严重妨碍妇女人权的实现，加剧了美国社会不平等状况，也阻碍了国际人权事业的发展。文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/8306.html
文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/8306.html
Women’s human rights are an inseparable, essential part of universal human rights. Women’s human rights and their realization are important indicators of a country’s human rights situation. The serious problem of gender discrimination in the United States severely hinders the realization of women’s human rights and exacerbates social inequality in the country. It also hinders the development of the international human rights cause.文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/8306.html
文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/8306.html
（一）严重妨碍美国妇女人权的实现文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/8306.html
文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/8306.html
Section 1 Gender Discrimination Constitutes a Severe Hindrance to the Realization of Women’s Human Rights in the United States.文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/8306.html
文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/8306.html
女性是人类的母亲，妇女问题不仅仅关系着女性自身，也关系着人类社会的可持续发展。尊重和保障妇女人权，实现性别平等是关键，同时也是国家和社会可持续发展的重要基础。联合国“2030年可持续发展议程”提出的17项可持续发展目标中的第五个目标，就是实现性别平等，增强所有妇女和女童的权能。虽然在赢得选举权后的近100年间，美国妇女在争取各方面平等权益的道路上取得了一些进步，但是美国现存的种种性别歧视问题，严重阻碍了妇女权利的实现和发展。联合国专家组严厉指出，美国妇女并没有获得其作为公民的正当地位，在妇女公共和政治领域任职率、经济和社会权利及健康和安全保护的国际标准方面，美国处于落后地位。美国存在的严重的性别歧视状况直接影响到许多美国家庭的稳定发展和未来一代人的健康成长。
Women are the mothers of human beings. Women’s issues are not only related to women themselves but also to the sustainable development of human society. Respecting and safeguarding women’s human rights and achieving gender equality are key issues and an important basis for the sustainable development of a country and its society. Goal number five of the 17 Sustainable Development Goals proposed by the United Nations’ 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development is to achieve gender equality and to empower all women and girls. During the nearly 100 years after winning the right to vote, although US women have made some progress on the road to obtain equal rights in all aspects, the existing gender discrimination in the country has seriously hindered the realization and development of women’s rights.
The UN expert group sternly pointed out that US women have not taken their rightful place as citizens and have fallen behind international standards in regards to their public and political representation, their economic and social rights, and their health and safety protections. The severe gender discrimination existing in the United States may directly affect the stable development of many US families and the healthy growth of their future generations.
（二）加剧美国社会的不平等
Section 2 Gender Discrimination Exacerbates Social Inequality in the United States.
性别平等是社会平等的重要内容，也是实现社会公正的关键问题之一。性别歧视在一定程度上剥夺了占人口一半的妇女参与社会、经济、政治的机会和权利，社会平等、社会公正也就不可能真正实现。美国妇女在经济领域、人身安全、健康等方面的权利得不到应有的保障，导致其对自身社会地位不平等和社会不公的不满情绪不断高涨。根据盖洛普咨询公司网站2018年1月10日发布的调查数据，46%的女性受访者对自己的社会地位表示不满或非常不满，这一比例在2008年的调查中为30%。《纽约时报》网站2018年1月20日报道，数百万人参加“2018 女性游行”，对现任政府政策表示强烈抗议。美国存在的严重的性别歧视状况，加剧了美国社会本来就很严重的不平等状况，进一步撕裂了美国社会。
Gender equality is an important part of social equality and one of the key issues in achieving social justice. Gender discrimination has deprived women, who occupy half of the population, of social, economic, and political opportunities and rights to a certain extent. Under such circumstances, social equality and social justice can never be fully realized. As their economic rights, personal safety rights, health rights, and other rights are not properly protected, US women’s dissatisfaction with their social status, gender inequality, and social injustice continue to increase. According to a poll published by Gallup on its website on January 10, 2018, 46 percent of female respondents expressed dissatisfaction or extreme dissatisfaction with their social status, and in the 2008 poll, this proportion was 30 percent. The New York Times website reported on January 20, 2018, that millions of people participated in the “2018 Women’s March” to strongly protest current government policies. The severe gender discrimination existing in the United States has exacerbated social inequality in the country and further torn its society apart.
（三）阻碍国际人权事业的发展
Section 3 Gender Discrimination Hinders the Development of the International Human Rights Cause.
1993年联合国《维也纳宣言和行动纲领》指出：“妇女和女童的人权是普遍性人权当中不可剥夺和不可分割的一个整体部分，妇女在国家、区域和国际各级充分和平等参与政治、公民、经济和文化生活，消除基于性别的一切形式的歧视是国际社会的首要目标。”实现充分享有人权是人类社会的共同奋斗目标。为了这一共同目标，尽快消除性别歧视，切实保障妇女权利，实现全面的、系统的、事实上的男女平等，是国际人权事业的重要组成部分。美国作为世界第一大经济体，作为联合国常任理事国，作为在当今世界格局和全球治理体系中具有举足轻重地位的国家，本应在消除性别歧视、保障妇女权利方面展现负责任态度、发挥积极建设性作用，事实却是美国存在的性别歧视状况一直在延续甚至恶化。不仅如此，美国甚至于2018年6月19日悍然宣布退出联合国人权理事会。
The Vienna Declaration and Programme of Action of the United Nations adopted in 1993 stated: “The human rights of women and of the girl-child are an inalienable, integral and indivisible part of universal human rights. The full and equal participation of women in political, civil, economic, social and cultural life, at the national, regional and international levels, and the eradication of all forms of discrimination on grounds of sex are priority objectives of the international community.” The realization of the full enjoyment of human rights by human beings is the common goal of human society. In order to achieve this common goal, it is requested that gender discrimination is eliminated as soon as possible, by safeguarding women’s rights, and achieving comprehensive, systematic, and de facto equality between men and women. All these are important components of the international human rights cause. As the world’s largest economy, a permanent member of the United Nations, and an important country in today’s world and global governance system, the United States should have shown a responsible attitude toward and played an active and constructive role in the drive to eliminate gender discrimination and safeguard women’s rights. Nevertheless, the country allows gender discrimination to continue to exist and even deteriorate. Not only that, it even announced its withdrawal from the UN Human Rights Council on June 19, 2018.
多年来，美国在人权问题上奉行“双重标准”，一直把人权作为指责和干预他国的政治霸权工具，而对自身存在的包括性别歧视在内的严重人权问题却视而不见，甚至对承担国际人权公约的责任持消极抗拒态度。美国的所作所为，不仅与人类共同的人权价值背道而驰，而且越来越成为国际人权领域的“搅局者”和“麻烦制造者”，严重损害了国际人权事业的健康发展。
For years, the United States has been practicing “double standards” on human rights issues. It uses human rights just as a tool to maintain world hegemony, criticize other countries and interfere in other countries’ internal affairs, while neglecting its own serious human rights issues, such as gender discrimination. The United States even shows a negative attitude toward and resistance of its obligations under the international human rights conventions. What the country has done runs counter to the values and objectives regarding human rights, which are common to all humanity. The United States has increasingly become a “disturber” and a “troublemaker” in the international human rights field and has seriously jeopardized the healthy development of the international human rights cause.
