汉译英原文
文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/13726.html
中医方剂有天地文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/13726.html
文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/13726.html
中医方剂并非单纯的药物堆积和药物功效的简单累加，而是相关药物的复杂配方以及各味药物作用的相互影响。正是这种复杂的相互作用，使得方剂如此有效。也正是这种复杂的相互作用，使得方剂难以学习研究。文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/13726.html
文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/13726.html
每种单味药都各有所长，也各有所短。一副有效方剂中，各味药物需要慎重配伍，增强功效，降低副作用。方剂中各味药进行组合，构成新的药剂。方剂与单味药相比，功效更好，疗效更全面。文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/13726.html
文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/13726.html
要了解这些药物如何相互作用，首先必须了解单味药的功效和特性，还必须熟悉一些特定的配伍关系。这些特定的配伍关系可看作方剂的结构要素。例如，桂枝和白芍的结合使用是桂枝汤和小建中汤的重要结构要素，可达到调和营卫、解肌发表、温补中焦的作用。文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/13726.html
文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/13726.html
有效方剂需要的不仅仅是简单地将各味药物放在一起以获得特定效果，还需要有组方原则的指导，才能以最佳方式遣药组方。方剂中各味药的有序组合也可称为一种等级关系。文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/13726.html
中国传统社会历来十分重视社会阶层关系，而这首先涉及到的就是皇帝和宫廷。因此，方剂中用以表示各种药物重要性或等级的术语就借用了宫廷术词。一副方剂中药物的成分等级关系有四个层次，分别是：君、臣、佐、使。
临床上，药物君、臣、佐、使的等级划分并不那么明确。虽然方剂都要求有君药，但有时由于方剂各味药物的作用很平衡，很难区别各自的功用等级。例如在五味消毒饮和五皮散中，各味药物就处于相同的作用等级。
组方，不仅要掌握上述组方原则，还需要相当大的灵活性。要根据患者的具体情况，予以灵活化裁。必须根据病症、患者体质、季节、气候及其他环境因素等情况变化，灵活组方。这包括药味加减、药量多寡、制备方法和服用方法的变换。根据患者具体情况加减选方的能力，可区分良医和庸医。
英译汉原文
The Role of TCM in Fighting against COVID-19 in China
From the first stage of the response to COVID-19 in China (up to 28 April 2020) the treatment model incorporated both TCM and conventional medicine in an integrated approach. TCM was particularly used as an intervention in clusters of infections. In the second stage of response (from 29 April 2020 onwards), TCM was applied in provincial and city hospitals in the early stages of disease, with specialists in both TCM and conventional medicine cooperating closely in ward visiting and consultations, and working together to formulate diagnosis and treatment plans.
The core principles and practices of TCM remain the same, with treatment being adjusted according to different patterns on the basis of the national protocol. Early TCM intervention was important because it helped to reduce progression to serious disease, including in older patients. Significant outcomes have been claimed following treatment – including TCM medicines combined with specific acupuncture, moxibustion, transdermal therapy and Tai Chi exercises–of patients with mild or moderate COVID-19. For patients with severe disease and in a critical condition, TCM intervention was applied as an accompaniment to conventional medicine. It was noted that the proportion of patients progressing to severe disease appeared to be reduced among those receiving TCM. A number of cases of recovery following TCM intervention were provided as examples, noting interventions designed for specific symptoms such as anorexia and fatigue.
It was also suggested that TCM could assist in the prevention of COVID-19 illness. During the long lockdown in Wuhan, the public were encouraged not only to maintain a healthy lifestyle and ensure their personal hygiene but also to follow a TCM diet with items such as Chinese yam, Chinese dates and Goji berries. Members of the TCM team took supplies of TCM herbs to communities and delivered TCM items to patients’ doors. As people recovered from COVID-19 infection, many who were discharged from hospital still had complaints such as tiredness, anorexia, shortness of breath, insomnia and emotional instability. TCM was therefore also used to ease discomfort and speed recovery.
In summary, the speaker pointed out that TCM had a role to play at all stages of viral infection as follows.
Prevention–during lockdown many people voluntarily chose to consume plants and herbs with medicinal value. They were encouraged to do so as such foods can help stimulate the immune system and promote health and wellness.
Mild and moderate disease – the RCTs data indicates that TCM was seen to shorten the time to resolution of symptoms, viral clearance and to reduce the proportion of patients progressing to severe disease.
Severe and critical disease–patients were treated with conventional medicine along with TCM. It was felt that this combined approach both shortened the length of stay in intensive care and reduced the duration of mechanical ventilation. It was claimed that TCM reduced mortality among critically ill patients.
