2011年诺贝尔奖获奖名单

2011 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine<?xml:namespace prefix = o ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" />

 

The 2011 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine was divided, one half jointly to Bruce A. Beutler and Jules A. Hoffmann “for their discoveries concerning the activation of innate immunity” and the other half to Ralph M. Steinman “for his discovery of the dendritic cell and its role in adaptive immunity”.

 

2011年诺贝尔生理学或医学奖

 

获奖者：美国科学家布鲁斯·巴特勒、卢森堡科学家朱尔斯·霍夫曼

获奖理由：发现免疫系统激活的关键原理

 

获奖者：加拿大科学家拉尔夫·斯坦曼

获奖理由：发现基于树状细胞的免疫疗法

 

2011 Nobel Prize in Physics

 

The 2011 Nobel Prize in Physics is awarded “for the discovery of the accelerating expansion of the Universe through observations of distant supernovae” with one half to Saul Perlmutter and the other half jointly to Brian P. Schmidt and Adam G. Riess.

 

2011年诺贝尔物理学奖

 

获奖者：美国加州大学伯克利分校教授索尔·佩尔马特，澳大利亚国立大学教授布莱恩·施密特，以及美国约翰斯·霍普金斯大学教授亚当·里斯

获奖理由：通过对超新星的观测证明宇宙在加速膨胀、变冷

 

2011 Nobel Prize in Chemistry

 

The 2011 Nobel Prize in Chemistry is awarded to Dan Shechtman “for the discovery of quasicrystals”.

 

2011年诺贝尔化学奖

 

获奖者：以色列科学家达尼埃尔·谢赫特曼

获奖理由：发现准晶体

 

2011 Nobel Prize in Literature

 

The Nobel Prize in Literature 2011 is awarded to Tomas Tranströmer “because, through his condensed, translucent images, he gives us fresh access to reality”.

 

2011年诺贝尔文学奖

 

获奖者：瑞典诗人托马斯·特兰斯特罗默

获奖理由：通过凝炼、透彻的意象，他为我们提供了通向现实的新途径。

 

2011 Nobel Peace Prize

 

The 2011 Nobel Peace Prize is awarded jointly to Ellen Johnson Sirleaf, Leymah Gbowee and Tawakkul Karman “for their non-violent struggle for the safety of women and for women’s rights to full participation in peace-building work”.

 

2011年诺贝尔和平奖

 

获奖者：利比里亚女总统有非洲“铁娘子”之称的埃伦·约翰逊·瑟利夫、有“和平斗士”之称的利比里亚活动家莱伊曼·古博薇、以及也门记者兼妇女权益活动家塔瓦库·卡曼

获奖理由：采取非暴力形式为维护妇女的安全和权益而进行斗争，并全身心投入和平建设工作

 

2011 Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel

 

The 2011 Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel was awarded jointly to Thomas J. Sargent and Christopher A. Sims “for their empirical research on cause and effect in the macroeconomy”.

 

2011年瑞士银行诺贝尔经济学奖

 

获奖者：纽约大学的托马斯·萨金特和普林斯顿大学的克里斯托弗·A·西姆斯

获奖理由：在宏观经济学中对成因及其影响的实证研究