第二届词典学与二语教学国际研讨会三号通知

第二届词典学与二语教学国际研讨会筹委会非常荣幸地邀请到捷克布拉格查理大学暨英国西英格兰大学和沃尔夫汉普顿大学Patrick Hanks教授、美国杨百翰大学Mark Davies教授和丹麦奥胡斯大学Sven Tarp教授等三位国际知名词典学家及语料库语言学家，作为本次研讨会的主旨发言人。以下是主旨发言题目和提要：<?xml:namespace prefix = o ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" />

1. Corpus Pattern Analysis: New Light on Words and Meanings

（语料库模式分析——词汇语义新探）

主旨发言人：Patrick Hanks博士（著名语料库词典学家和计算语言学家。捷克布拉格查理大学、英国西伦敦大学和沃尔夫汉普顿大学兼职教授，《国际词典学杂志》和《国际语料库语言学杂志》编委。20世纪80年代担任Collins系列英语词典主编，20世纪90年代担任牛津大学出版社当代英语系列词典主编。担任美国贝尔实验室访问科学家期间与Ken Church教授合作发表了颇具影响的语料库词汇分析统计方法的系列论文。近年来，Hanks教授结合认知语言学相关理论和语料库语言学方法提出了词汇语义研究新理论——“常态与拓展理论”。Hanks教授在专名研究方面也著述颇丰。）

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发言提要：

This presentation describes a long-term research project, Corpus Pattern Analysis (CPA), whose goals include: a) shedding light on how people use words to make meanings; b) providing evidence to support a new theory of linguistic behaviour, called the Theory of Norms and Exploitations – TNE; and c) creating a resource that can be useful for tasks such as understanding the relationship between what is said and what is meant, or improving a learner’s (or a computer’s) command of idiomatic phraseology.

Traditionally, the analysis of meaning was thought to proceed word by word, like a child building a toy house with Lego bricks. TNE proposes instead that words do not have meaning – they only have ‘meaning potential’.

Instead, according to TNE, meanings are associated with patterns – prototypical phraseological patterns of word use. Words are highly ambiguous, but most patterns are unambiguous. Consider the word blow. It has many, many possible senses. Even the phrasal verb blow up is very ambiguous. But add a little bit of context – blow up a bridge vs. blow up a balloon, for example—and the ambiguity disappears. Contexts can be sorted into patterns, using the evidence of very large corpora. But there are several difficulties in such an approach. In this talk, I describe how meaningful patterns of word use can be identified using prototype theory, relevance theory, valencies, and collocational analysis.

2. Creating and Using the Frequency Dictionary of American English: Word Sketches, Collocates, and Thematic Lists

（《美语频率词典》的编纂与使用——词语速描、搭配和主题词表）

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主旨发言人：Mark Davies博士（著名语料库语言学家。美国杨百翰大学语言学与英语语言系教授。近年来，在美国国家人文基金会项目资助下，成功研制了世界上最大的2个美语语料库——“当代美语语料库”和 “历时美语语料库”。这两个语料库的成功研制对世界范围内基于语料库的英语语言学研究已经和即将产生深远的影响。Davies教授著述颇丰，研究领域包括语料库语言学、计算语言学、语言数据库的设计与优化、语言演变与语体变异，频率数据与搭配分析等，研究语言包括英语、西班牙语和葡萄牙语。）

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发言提要：   

In Spring 2010 we published the Frequency Dictionary of American English: Word Sketches, Collocates, and Thematic Lists (Davies and Gardner, 2010, Routledge). This dictionary is based on the 400 million word Corpus of Contemporary American English (COCA; www.americancorpus.org), which is the only large, balanced, up-to-date corpus of American English. The dictionary contains the top 5,000 lemmas of American English, as well as 20-30 collocates (nearby words) for each entry, and also detailed information on frequency and genre distribution (e.g. whether the word is more common in spoken or academic). It also contains more than thirty thematically-oriented, frequency-ranked lists, such as new words in American English, American-British differences, phrasal verbs, genre-based differences, thematic vocabulary, etc.

In addition to the dictionary, there are a number of other frequency-based resources that are based on Corpus of Contemporary American English, which are now available as well (see www.wordfrequency.info). These include:

 • An eBook containing up to the 20,000 most frequent words, along with the 20-30 most frequent collocates and the synonyms for each word

 • Lists with the top 200-300 collocates for each of the 20,000 words, giving more than 4,300,000 node word / collocate pairs

• N-grams: more than 155 million trigrams, which can be queried by word form, lemma, part of speech, etc

In this presentation we will consider the following topics, among others:

• A quick overview of Corpus of Contemporary American English (COCA), and how it provides useful and unique frequency and collocates data for English

• How the dictionary was created, including finding and organizing the 20-30 collocates for each word

• How the information from the dictionary and the frequency lists can be used for teaching and learning, including materials development

3. Reflection on the General Theory of Learner’s lexicography

    （关于学习词典学一般理论的思考）

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主旨发言人：Sven Tarp博士（著名词典学家。丹麦奥胡斯大学商学院词典学研究中心词典学和西班牙语教授，南非斯坦林布什大学杰出教授。在普通词典学、学习词典学和专科词典学理论和应用研究以及专业技术语言研究等方面著述颇丰，并多次主办词典学研讨会和词典编纂工作坊。）

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发言提要：

Lexicography is in the middle of a paradigm shift from printed to electronic dictionaries. However, until now practical lexicography – including learner’s dictionaries – has only made limited use of the new possibilities provided by the computer and information technologies. The only real progress has been quicker and easier access to the lexicographical data, but these data – and the articles in which they are organized and presented – are still static data, and articles, completely modeled after the corresponding ones in printed dictionaries. This is the situation for the overwhelming majority of electronic dictionaries, including learner’s dictionaries, where the technological possibilities to adapt the data and articles to the specific needs of a specific user group have not been explored. What is needed in order to do so is an advanced theory of lexicography, and learner’s lexicography, that may guide the conception and production of future electronic learner’s dictionaries. One such theory is the lexicographical function theory whose fundamental principles (types of users, types of user situations, types of users’ information needs, types of lexicographical data, and the complex relation between them) will be presented in the paper together with its theory of learner’s lexicography (in which the foreign-language learning process and the situations where the learners may need to consult dictionaries are viewed in the light of a basic distinction between language knowledge and language skills). Upon this basis, a number of examples from existing and hypothetic dictionaries will be presented and discussed in order to show the real possibilities existing in terms of taking a qualitative step forward in the conception of electronic learner’s dictionaries with dynamic data and dynamic articles adapted to the specific lexicographical needs that a specific type of user may have in a specific type of situation.

第二届词典学与二语教学国际研讨会筹委会

中国辞书学会双语词典专业委员会

四川外语学院外国语文研究中心

2010年9月3日