中国应对气候变化的政策与行动2012年度报告（一）（中英对照）

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I. Mitigating Climate Change

控制温室气体排放是中国积极应对全球气候变化的重要任务，也是加快转变经济发展方式和推进产业转型升级的必然要求。2011年中国政府发布了《“十二五”控制温室气体排放工作方案》，将“十二五”碳强度下降目标分解落实到各省（自治区、直辖市），优化产业结构和能源结构，大力开展节能降耗，努力增加碳汇，低碳发展取得积极成效。

Controlling greenhouse gas emissions is not only a key task in China’s efforts to address global climate change, but also an essential part of the country’s drive to accelerate the shift in its economic development mode and promote industrial transformation and upgrading. In 2011, the Chinese Government issued the Work Plan for Controlling Greenhouse Gas Emissions During the 12th Five-Year Plan Period, which assigns specific carbon intensity reduction targets to all provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the central government. China has achieved positive results in low-carbon development by optimizing industry and energy structures, vigorously conserving energy and reducing energy consumption, and increasing carbon sinks.

（一）调整产业结构

(I) Adjusting Industrial Structure

　　推动传统产业改造升级。国家发展改革委修订并发布《产业结构调整指导目录（2011年本）》，强化通过结构优化升级实现节能减排的战略导向。加强节能评估审查、环境影响评价和建设用地预审，进一步提高行业准入门槛，严格控制高耗能、高排放和产能过剩行业新上项目。严格控制高耗能、高排放产品出口。国务院印发了工业和信息化部牵头编制的《工业转型升级规划（2011～2015年）》，着力推动工业绿色低碳发展。工业和信息化部发布了钢铁、有色、建材、石化和化工、节能与新能源汽车、工业节能、大宗固废、清洁生产等“十二五”规划，推动工业转型升级。同时狠抓技术改造，完善管理办法，加大支持力度，突出支持重点，2011年共安排工业专项技改资金135亿元，带动投资2791亿元，使技改工作的针对性、有效性和影响力得到明显提升。

Transformation and upgrading of traditional industries. The National Development and Reform Commission has released the 2011 edition of the Guideline Catalogue for Industrial Restructuring, further underlining the country’s strategic direction towards conserving energy and cutting emissions by optimizing and upgrading its industrial structure. The government has stepped up evaluation and examination of energy conservation, environmental impact assessments, and preliminary examination of land used for construction projects. It has raised the entry threshold for certain industries and strictly limited new projects in industries with high energy consumption, high pollutant emissions or excess capacity. It has also rigorously controlled the export of products with high energy consumption and high pollutant emissions. The State Council has disseminated the Plan for Industrial Transformation and Upgrading (2011-2015) drawn up by the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology to promote green and low-carbon industrial development. The Ministry of Industry and Information Technology has released specific development plans for the 12th Five-Year Plan period to boost industrial transformation and upgrading in a number of key industries, including iron and steel, non-ferrous metals, building materials, petrochemicals and chemicals, energy-saving and new-energy vehicles, industrial energy conservation, bulk solid waste and clean production. Meanwhile, in order to promote technological upgrading, the ministry has improved management mechanisms and increased support with a number of priorities identified. In 2011, the government earmarked 13.5 billion yuan in technological upgrading funds, which in turn generated investments amounting to 279.1 billion yuan. Efforts to stimulate technological upgrading have become more targeted and effective and have yielded very positive results.

　　扶持战略性新兴产业发展。国务院印发了《“十二五”国家战略性新兴产业发展规划》，明确我国节能环保产业、新一代信息技术产业、生物产业、高端装备制造业、新能源产业、新材料产业、新能源汽车产业等七大类战略性新兴产业发展路线图。国家发展改革委牵头制定了重点工作分工方案，细化明确国务院各部门的具体任务；加快建立战略性新兴产业统计体系，组织战略性新兴产业试测算工作，研究起草《战略性新兴产业重点产品和服务分类目录》；进一步加大对重大项目建设的支持力度，组织实施了一批重大产业工程和重点专项，设立了战略性新兴产业发展专项资金；积极推动新兴产业创投计划，新兴产业创投计划支持创投基金已达102只，总规模近290亿元，其中主要投资于节能环保和新能源领域的基金有24只，规模超过70亿元。

Supporting the development of strategic and newly emerging industries. The State Council has issued the Development Plan for National Strategic Emerging Industries During the 12th Five-Year Plan Period. It charts the road map for seven strategic emerging industries - energy conservation and environmental protection, new-generation information technology, biology, high-end equipment manufacturing, new energy, new materials and new-energy vehicles. The National Development and Reform Commission has issued a plan assigning specific tasks to each State Council department, accelerated the development of a statistical system for measuring the performance of strategic emerging industries and carried out trial evaluations, and drafted the Catalogue of Key Products and Services in Strategic Emerging Industries. Meanwhile, it has given greater support to the development of key projects, carrying out a number of major industrial projects and special programs. It has initiated a special fund to boost the development of strategic emerging industries, and expanded its venture capital program for emerging industries. So far 102 venture capital funds have been set up under the program, managing a total of 29 billion yuan. Among these funds, 24, with a total value of 7 billion yuan, are designed to stimulate the development of the energy-saving, environmental protection and new energy sectors.

　　大力发展服务业。继续做好《国务院关于加快发展服务业的若干意见》、《国务院办公厅关于加快发展服务业若干政策措施的实施意见》等有关文件的贯彻落实，2011年又印发了《国务院办公厅关于加快发展高技术服务业的指导意见》，进一步改善服务业环境、提高服务业发展水平。在《产业结构调整指导目录（2011年本）》中重新划分了服务业类别，大幅增加鼓励类服务业条目，初步形成了鼓励发展服务业的门类体系。加强和改进市场准入、人才服务、品牌培育、服务业标准、服务认证示范和服务业统计等方面工作。在全国范围积极开展服务业综合改革试点，并在一些领域建立了跨部门的工作协调机制。全国多数省市制定印发了加快发展服务业的政策文件，积极推进生产性服务业集聚区建设，加快促进重大服务业项目建设。

Vigorously developing the service industry. Apart from continuously implementing the State Council Opinions on Accelerating the Development of the Service Industry, the Opinions of the State Council General Office on Implementing the Policy Measures for Accelerating the Development of the Service Industry and other relevant documents, the government in 2011 published the Guidance of the State Council General Office for Accelerating the Development of Hi-tech Service Industry, in a bid to further improve the environment for the development and upgrading of the service sector. In the Guideline Catalogue for Industrial Restructuring (2011 version), the government redefined service industry sub-sectors and included more sectors under the “Encourage” category. A basic classification system has been drawn up to encourage the development of the service sector. The government has also stepped up and improved its work on market entry, human resources, brand building, standardization, certification and statistics on the service sector. It has carried out nationwide trials of comprehensive reforms in the service sector and set up inter-departmental coordination mechanisms in key areas. Most provinces and cities have released policy documents to encourage the development of the service sector, actively promoted the creation of producer service industry development zones, and accelerated the development of key service sector projects.

加快淘汰落后产能。继续贯彻落实《关于抑制部分行业产能过剩和重复建设引导产业健康发展的若干意见》和《关于进一步加强淘汰落后产能工作的通知》，完善落后产能退出机制，2011年工业和信息化部、国家发展改革委等有关部门联合印发了《关于印发淘汰落后产能工作考核实施方案的通知》、《关于做好淘汰落后产能和兼并重组企业职工安置工作的意见》、《高耗能落后机电设备（产品）淘汰目录（第二批）》等，加强对淘汰落后产能工作的检查考核，督促指导各地切实做好企业职工安置工作。2011年，全国共关停小火电机组800万千瓦左右，淘汰落后炼铁产能3192万吨、炼钢产能2846万吨、水泥（熟料及磨机）产能1.55亿吨、焦炭产能2006万吨、平板玻璃3041万重量箱、造纸产能830万吨、电解铝产能63.9万吨、铜冶炼产能42.5万吨、铅冶炼产能66.1万吨、煤产能4870万吨。

Speeding up the elimination of backward production capacity. Continuing to implement the Opinions on Curbing Overcapacity and Redundant Construction in Some Industries and Guiding the Sound Development of Industries, as well as the Notice of Further Strengthening Elimination of Obsolete Production Capacity, China has been making efforts to improve the exit mechanism for obsolete production capacity. In 2011, relevant departments, including the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology and the National Development and Reform Commission, jointly issued the Notice of Issuing the Implementation Plan to Assess the Work of Eliminating Obsolete Production Capacity, the Opinions on Resettling Workers Laid off due to Elimination of Obsolete Production Capacity and Corporate Merger and Restructuring, and the Catalogue (2nd Batch) of Obsolete Mechanical and Electrical Equipments (Products) Eliminated due to High Energy Consumption. Following the guidelines set out in these documents, the government has improved its examination and evaluation of efforts to eliminate obsolete production capacity, and issued directions to local governments on the redeployment of displaced employees. In 2011, China shut down small thermal power generating units with a total generating capacity of 8 million kw and eliminated obsolete production capacity in the following industries: iron smelting, 31.92 million tons; steel production, 28.46 million tons; cement (clinker and mill), 155 million tons; coke, 20.06 million tons; plate glass, 30.41 million cases; paper, 8.3 million tons; electrolytic aluminum, 639,000 tons; copper smelting, 425,000 tons; lead smelting, 661,000 tons, and coal production, 48.7 million tons.