十八大报告中英对照（七）

七、在改善民生和创新管理中加强社会建设<?xml:namespace prefix = o ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" />

VII. Strengthening Social Development by Improving the People’s Wellbeing and Making Innovations in Management

　　加强社会建设，是社会和谐稳定的重要保证。必须从维护最广大人民根本利益的高度，加快健全基本公共服务体系，加强和创新社会管理，推动社会主义和谐社会建设。

Strengthening social development is an important guarantee for maintaining social harmony and stability. We must intensify our efforts to improve the basic public service system, strengthen and make innovations in social management, and boost the building of a harmonious socialist society in order to uphold the fundamental interests of the overwhelming majority of the people.

　　加强社会建设，必须以保障和改善民生为重点。提高人民物质文化生活水平，是改革开放和社会主义现代化建设的根本目的。要多谋民生之利，多解民生之忧，解决好人民最关心最直接最现实的利益问题，在学有所教、劳有所得、病有所医、老有所养、住有所居上持续取得新进展，努力让人民过上更好生活。

In strengthening social development, we must give high priority to ensuring and improving the people’s wellbeing. To improve people’s material and cultural lives is the fundamental purpose of reform and opening up and socialist modernization. We should bring as much benefit as possible to the people, resolve as many difficulties as possible for them, and solve the most pressing and real problems of the greatest concern to them. We should keep making progress in ensuring that all the people enjoy their rights to education, employment, medical and old-age care, and housing so that they will lead a better life.

　　加强社会建设，必须加快推进社会体制改革。要围绕构建中国特色社会主义社会管理体系，加快形成党委领导、政府负责、社会协同、公众参与、法治保障的社会管理体制，加快形成政府主导、覆盖城乡、可持续的基本公共服务体系，加快形成政社分开、权责明确、依法自治的现代社会组织体制，加快形成源头治理、动态管理、应急处置相结合的社会管理机制。

To strengthen social development, we must accelerate social structural reform. With the aim of establishing a socialist system of social management with Chinese characteristics, we should quicken the pace of building the following mechanisms and systems: a law-based social management system featuring Party committee leadership, government execution, nongovernmental support and public participation; a basic public service system that is government-led and sustainable and covers both urban and rural areas; a system of modern social organizations in which functions of the government are separated from those of social organizations, rights and responsibilities are clearly established, and social organizations exercise autonomy in accordance with the law; and a social management mechanism that resolves public complaints at the source, exercises dynamic administration, and responds to emergencies.

　　（一）努力办好人民满意的教育。教育是民族振兴和社会进步的基石。要坚持教育优先发展，全面贯彻党的教育方针，坚持教育为社会主义现代化建设服务、为人民服务，把立德树人作为教育的根本任务，培养德智体美全面发展的社会主义建设者和接班人。全面实施素质教育，深化教育领域综合改革，着力提高教育质量，培养学生社会责任感、创新精神、实践能力。办好学前教育，均衡发展九年义务教育，基本普及高中阶段教育，加快发展现代职业教育，推动高等教育内涵式发展，积极发展继续教育，完善终身教育体系，建设学习型社会。大力促进教育公平，合理配置教育资源，重点向农村、边远、贫困、民族地区倾斜，支持特殊教育，提高家庭经济困难学生资助水平，积极推动农民工子女平等接受教育，让每个孩子都能成为有用之才。鼓励引导社会力量兴办教育。加强教师队伍建设，提高师德水平和业务能力，增强教师教书育人的荣誉感和责任感。

1. Work hard to run education to the satisfaction of the people

Education is the cornerstone of national renewal and social progress. We must give high priority to developing education, implement the Party’s education policy to the letter, ensure that education serves socialist modernization and the people, take fostering integrity and promoting rounded development of people as the fundamental task of education, and train participants of and successors to the socialist cause who develop morally, intellectually, physically and aesthetically. We should provide well-rounded education for all students, deepen overall education reform, focus on improving the quality of education, and cultivate in students a sense of social responsibility, a spirit of innovation and the ability to acquire practical skills. We should develop preschool education, promote balanced development of nine-year compulsory education, make senior secondary education basically universal, accelerate development of modern vocational education, and bring out the full potential for development of higher education. We should actively develop continuing education, improve the system of lifelong education, and build a learning society. We should vigorously promote fairness in education, and ensure balanced allocation of educational resources with a focus on rural, remote, poor and ethnic minority areas. We should support special education, increase subsidies to students from poor families, and ensure that children of rural migrant workers in cities have equal access to education. All this is designed to help all children gain required knowledge and skills. We should encourage and guide nongovernmental entities to run educational programs. We should strengthen the ranks of teachers, and enhance their work ethics and professional competence as well as their sense of honor and responsibility as teachers.

　　（二）推动实现更高质量的就业。就业是民生之本。要贯彻劳动者自主就业、市场调节就业、政府促进就业和鼓励创业的方针，实施就业优先战略和更加积极的就业政策。引导劳动者转变就业观念，鼓励多渠道多形式就业，促进创业带动就业，做好以高校毕业生为重点的青年就业工作和农村转移劳动力、城镇困难人员、退役军人就业工作。加强职业技能培训，提升劳动者就业创业能力，增强就业稳定性。健全人力资源市场，完善就业服务体系，增强失业保险对促进就业的作用。健全劳动标准体系和劳动关系协调机制，加强劳动保障监察和争议调解仲裁，构建和谐劳动关系。

2. Deliver a better job in creating employment

Employment is crucial to the people’s wellbeing. We must implement the principle of promoting self-reliant employment, market-regulated employment and government-backed employment and entrepreneurship, the strategy of giving top priority to employment and a proactive employment policy. We should ensure that people have realistic expectations about employment, encourage creating employment through multiple channels and forms, and expand job opportunities by creating new businesses. We should increase job opportunities for young people, especially university graduates, the rural migrant labor force, urban residents who have difficulty finding jobs, and ex-servicepersons. We should strengthen vocational skill training; improve people’s ability to find jobs and start up their own businesses; and enhance employment stability. We should improve the human resources market and employment services, and make unemployment insurance play a bigger role in promoting employment. We should improve the system of labor standards and the mechanism for harmonizing labor relations, strengthen supervision of labor protection and labor dispute mediation and arbitration, and build harmonious labor relations.

　　（三）千方百计增加居民收入。实现发展成果由人民共享，必须深化收入分配制度改革，努力实现居民收入增长和经济发展同步、劳动报酬增长和劳动生产率提高同步，提高居民收入在国民收入分配中的比重，提高劳动报酬在初次分配中的比重。初次分配和再分配都要兼顾效率和公平，再分配更加注重公平。完善劳动、资本、技术、管理等要素按贡献参与分配的初次分配机制，加快健全以税收、社会保障、转移支付为主要手段的再分配调节机制。深化企业和机关事业单位工资制度改革，推行企业工资集体协商制度，保护劳动所得。多渠道增加居民财产性收入。规范收入分配秩序，保护合法收入，增加低收入者收入，调节过高收入，取缔非法收入。

3. Make every effort to increase individual income

To ensure that the people share in the fruits of development, we must deepen reform of the income distribution system, and increase individual income in step with economic development and work remuneration in step with improvement in labor productivity, and we should raise the share of individual income in the distribution of national income and increase the share of work remuneration in primary distribution. A proper balance should be struck between efficiency and fairness in both primary and secondary distribution, with particular emphasis on fairness in secondary distribution. We should improve the primary distribution system to allow factors of production such as labor, capital, technology and managerial expertise to have their due share of income according to their respective contribution; and we should take speedy steps to improve the mechanism of secondary distribution regulating income distribution mainly through taxation, social security, and transfer payments. We should deepen reform of the wage and salary system in enterprises, government bodies and public institutions, promote collective bargaining on wages in enterprises, and protect income earned through work. We should increase proprietary individual income through multiple channels. We should improve the way in which income is distributed, protect lawful income, increase the income of low-income groups, adjust excessively high income, and prohibit illicit income.