国家人权行动计划（2012-2015年）·第三部分（中英对照）

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三、少数民族、妇女、儿童、老年人和残疾人的权利

III. Rights of Ethnic Minorities, Women, Children, the Elderly and the Disabled

国家继续采取措施，切实保障少数民族、妇女、儿童、老年人和残疾人的合法权益。

China will take further measures to protect the legitimate rights and interests of ethnic minorities, women, children, elderly people and the disabled.

    （一）少数民族权利

(1) Rights of ethnic minorities

中国是统一的多民族国家，各民族一律平等，国家保障各少数民族的合法权益。

China is a unified multi-ethnic country, where all ethnic groups are equal, and the state protects the lawful rights and interests of ethnic minorities.

——依法保障少数民族平等参与管理国家和社会事务的权利。保证在中央和地方国家权力机关、行政机关、审判机关和检察机关都有相应数量的少数民族成员。对少数民族公民报考公务员依法给予照顾。

- The right of ethnic minorities to participate in the management of state and social affairs on an equal footing is guaranteed by the state according to law. The state will make sure that minority groups have a proportionate number of representatives in organs of state power and administrative, judicial and procuratorate organs at both the central and local levels. Ethnic-minority citizens will enjoy favorable treatment when they apply to take the national civil service examinations.

——重视培养和使用各类少数民族人才。加大少数民族党政人才培养选拔力度。支持民族地区实施国家高技能人才振兴计划和农村人才支持计划。继续免费为民族地区农村定向培养全科医生和招聘职业医师，培养民族医药专业人才。

- The state attaches importance to the training and utilization of talented people from ethnic minorities. Greater efforts are made to cultivate and select ethnic-minority personnel for Party and administrative work. The state supports areas inhabited by ethnic minorities in compact communities in their implementation of the national revitalization program for highly-skilled personnel and the support program for talented people in rural areas. The state will continue to train general medical practitioners and employ professional medical practitioners for rural areas in places where ethnic minorities live in compact communities on the state budget, and cultivate professionals of ethnic-minority medicine.

——保障少数民族均等享受公共服务的权利。不断增强民族自治地方公共服务能力，使民族地区的城乡居民收入、义务教育、医疗卫生、社会保障等与全国平均水平差距明显缩小，上学、看病、饮水、通讯、就业等方面存在的问题明显缓解，牧区、边境地区、人口较少民族聚居地区和少数民族贫困地区农牧民生产生活条件明显改善。

- The state guarantees that ethnic minorities enjoy equal right to public services. The state constantly strengthens the capacity of public services in ethnic autonomous areas. The gaps in the incomes of urban and rural residents, compulsory education, medical care, social security between ethnic-minority areas and the national average level will be significantly narrowed; existing problems in education, medical care, drinking water, communication, employment and other areas will be significantly alleviated; the production and living conditions of the farmers and herdsmen in pasturing areas, border areas, areas inhabited by ethnic minorities with small populations, and impoverished ethnic-minority areas will be improved significantly.

——保障少数民族的经济发展权利。落实促进内蒙古、新疆、广西、宁夏、西藏五个自治区经济社会发展以及支持其他民族地区发展的政策和专项规划，促进民族地区经济发展主要指标增速高于全国平均水平。继续制定实施扶持人口较少民族发展、兴边富民行动、少数民族事业发展等专项规划。在主要草原分布地区全面建立草原生态保护补助奖励机制，牧民收入增幅不低于本省（区）农民收入增幅。大力发展民族贸易和民族特需商品生产，落实有关优惠政策，保障少数民族生产生活的特殊需要。重视民族地区生态环境保护。

- The right of ethnic minorities to economic development is guaranteed. The state will implement policies and special programs for promoting the socio-economic development of the five autonomous regions, i.e. Inner Mongolia, Xinjiang, Guangxi, Ningxia and Tibet, and for supporting the development of other ethnic-minority regions, and work to make sure that the main indices of economic development for ethnic-minority regions are higher than those of the national average. The state will continue to formulate and implement special programs to support the development of minority ethnic groups with small populations, vitalize border areas and bring prosperity to their residents, and develop special undertakings of ethnic minorities and other programs. In major pastoral areas, the state will establish a subsidy and bonus mechanism for the protection of steppe ecosystem, guaranteeing that the income growth of herdsmen is not lower than that of the farmers in the same province (autonomous region). Vigorous efforts will be made to promote ethnic-minority trade and the production of ethnic consumer products, implement relevant preferential policies, and satisfy the special production and life needs of ethnic minorities. Emphasis will be put on the protection of the ecological environment in ethnic-minority regions.

——加快发展民族教育。公共教育资源向民族地区倾斜，加快发展学前教育，支持边境县和民族自治地方贫困县义务教育学校标准化建设，加强民族地区寄宿制学校建设，积极稳妥推进双语教育，大力推进职业教育，加大师资培养培训力度，加强教育对口支援。

- Education for ethnic minorities is to be promoted. The state will transfer more public education resources to ethnic-minority regions, quicken the development of preschool education, support the standardized construction of compulsory-education schools in border counties and poverty-stricken counties of ethnic autonomous areas, strengthen the construction of boarding schools in ethnic-minority regions, actively and steadily promote bilingual education, vigorously promote the development of vocational education, make greater efforts in the training and cultivation of teachers, and strengthen pair-up assistance in education.

——保障少数民族的文化权利。加大对少数民族特色文化保护工作的扶持力度，加强对少数民族文化遗产的保护，对濒危项目和年老体弱的代表性传承人实施抢救性保护，对少数民族非物质文化遗产集聚区实施整体性保护。支持民族传统体育事业发展。

- Cultural rights of ethnic minorities are guaranteed. The state will make greater efforts to protect the special cultures of ethnic-minority groups, strengthen the protection of their cultural relics, carry out emergency protection of endangered projects and representative inheritors who are aged or otherwise feeble, and implement overall protection for areas where intangible cultural heritage of ethnic minorities is concentrated. Traditional sports of ethnic minorities will also be given state support.

——依法保障少数民族学习使用和发展本民族语言文字的权利。推进少数民族语言文字的规范化、标准化和信息处理。建设中国少数民族濒危语言数据库。

- Ethnic minorities’ right to learn, use and develop their own spoken and written languages is guaranteed in accordance with the law. The state will promote the standardization and information processing of the spoken and written languages of ethnic minorities, and build databases of China’s endangered ethnic-minority languages.