国家人权行动计划（2012-2015年）·导言（中英对照）

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Introduction

制定国家人权行动计划是中国政府落实尊重和保障人权宪法原则的一项重大举措，对推动科学发展，促进社会和谐，努力实现全面建设小康社会宏伟目标，具有重要意义。

The formulation of the National Human Rights Action Plan is an important measure taken by the Chinese government to ensure the implementation of the constitutional principle of respecting and safeguarding human rights. It is of great significance to promoting scientific development and social harmony, and to achieving the great objective of building a moderately prosperous society in an all-round way.

自2009年《国家人权行动计划（2009—2010年）》颁布实施以来，中国公民的人权意识明显增强，经济、社会和文化权利保障得到全面加强，公民权利与政治权利保障更加有效，少数民族、妇女、儿童、老年人和残疾人的权利得到进一步保障，国际人权领域交流与合作日益深化，各领域的人权保障在制度化、法治化的轨道上不断推进，中国人权事业的发展进入了一个新的阶段。《国家人权行动计划（2009—2010年）》的制定、实施和如期完成，得到人民群众的普遍欢迎和国际社会的广泛好评。

Since the promulgation and enforcement of the National Human Rights Action Plan of China (2009-2010) in 2009, the Chinese citizens’ awareness of human rights has been enhanced significantly; the protection of the citizen’s economic, social and cultural rights and interests has been comprehensively strengthened; their civil and political rights have been more effectively safeguarded; the rights of ethnic minorities, women, children, senior citizens and the disabled have been further protected; international exchanges and cooperation in the field of human rights have been increasingly deepened; and human rights protection in all aspects has been constantly advanced along the orbit of institutionalization and rule by law. The cause of human rights in China has entered a new stage of development. In addition, the formulation, implementation and completion on schedule of the National Human Rights Action Plan of China (2009-2010) have been widely acclaimed by the Chinese public and highly regarded by the international community.

近年来，中国政府坚持以人为本，妥善应对国际金融危机的巨大冲击和重大自然灾害的严峻挑战，积极解决发展中存在的矛盾和问题，坚定不移地推进人权事业，人权状况持续改善。坚持将保障人权与推动科学发展、促进社会和谐结合起来，不断完善保障和改善民生的制度安排，大力促进就业，加快发展多项社会事业，推进基本服务均等化，逐步健全覆盖城乡的社会保障体系，初步建立基本医疗卫生服务体系和覆盖全国城乡居民基本医疗卫生制度框架，不断发展文化教育事业，有效保障全体社会成员平等参与、平等发展的权利；坚持将保障人权与加强民主法治建设结合起来，积极稳妥推进政治体制改革，扩大公民有序政治参与，依法实行民主选举、民主决策、民主管理、民主监督，有力保障人民的知情权、参与权、表达权、监督权；坚持将尊重和保障人权的原则贯穿于立法、行政和司法各个环节之中，加强对权力的监督和制约，中国特色社会主义法律体系已经形成，社会生活的各个领域和人权保障的各个方面实现了有法可依。

In recent years, the Chinese government has appropriately addressed the heavy toll brought about by the international financial crisis and the severe challenges posed by major natural disasters, vigorously solved the problems in development, perseveringly advanced the cause of human rights by putting people first, and had its human rights conditions increasingly improved. The Chinese government has unswervingly combined safeguarding human rights with promoting scientific development and social harmony, kept improving its institutional arrangements for ensuring and improving its people’s livelihood, vigorously boosted employment, speeded up the development of various social undertakings, promoted equal access to basic public services, gradually improved a social security system that covers both urban and rural areas, initially established a basic medical care and health service system benefiting both urban and rural residents, strived to develop cultural and educational undertakings, and effectively guaranteed the rights of all members of society to equal participation and development. The Chinese government has consistently combined protecting human rights with promoting democracy and the rule of law, actively and steadily pushed forward political reform, expanded citizens’ orderly participation in political affairs, and carried out democratic election, decision-making, administration and supervision in accordance with the law to guarantee the people’s rights to be informed, to participate, to be heard and to oversee. The Chinese government has integrated the principle of respecting and safeguarding human rights into its legislation, administration and law enforcement and strengthened supervision and restriction over the exercise of power. Consequently, a socialist legal system with Chinese characteristics has been established to provide legal support for all fields of social life and all aspects of human rights protection.

应该看到，当今中国仍然是一个发展中国家，发展中不平衡、不协调、不可持续的问题依然突出，受自然、历史、文化、经济社会发展水平的影响和制约，中国人权事业的发展还面临诸多挑战，实现充分享有人权的崇高目标任重道远。

It should be remembered that China remains a developing country that is fraught with problems from unbalanced, uncoordinated and unsustainable development. Due to the influences and limitations of natural, historical and cultural factors, as well as the current level of economic and social development, China still confronts many challenges in the development of its human rights cause and it has a long way to go before it attains the lofty goal of full enjoyment of human rights.

2012—2015年是贯彻落实《中华人民共和国国民经济和社会发展第十二个五年规划纲要》，深化改革开放、加快转变经济发展方式的攻坚时期，也是加强人权建设、实现人权事业快速发展的重要时期。为此，在认真总结经验的基础上，中国政府制定《国家人权行动计划（2012—2015年）》（简称《行动计划》），明确2012—2015年促进和保障人权的目标和任务。

The period 2012-2015 is a crucial period for implementing The Outline of the 12th Five-Year Plan for National Economic and Social Development of the People’s Republic of China, deepening reform and opening-up and accelerating the transformation of the country’s economic development pattern; it is also an important period for enhancing human rights and ensuring rapid development of the human rights cause. Therefore, on the basis of earnestly summing up past experience, the Chinese government has worked out this National Human Rights Action Plan of China (2012-2015) (hereinafter referred to as the Action Plan) to specify its aims and tasks in promoting and protecting human rights in the 2012-2015 period.

制定和实施《行动计划》的指导思想是：高举中国特色社会主义伟大旗帜，以邓小平理论和“三个代表”重要思想为指导，深入贯彻落实科学发展观，结合实施《中华人民共和国国民经济和社会发展第十二个五年规划纲要》，将人权事业与经济建设、政治建设、文化建设、社会建设以及生态文明建设结合起来，顺应各族人民过上更好生活的新期待，继续把保障人民的生存权、发展权放在首位，着力保障和改善民生，着力解决人民群众最关心、最直接、最现实的权利和利益问题，切实保障公民的经济、政治、社会和文化权利，促进社会更加公正、和谐，努力使每一个社会成员生活得更有尊严、更加幸福。

The Action Plan was formulated in accordance with the following guidelines: Holding high the flag of socialism with Chinese characteristics, taking Deng Xiaoping Theory and the important thought of “Three Represents” as guidance and thoroughly applying the Scientific Outlook on Development. In combination with the implementation of The Outline of the 12th Five-Year Plan for National Economic and Social Development of the People’ s Republic of China, the Chinese government combines its human rights endeavors with economic, political, cultural, social and ecological construction. To satisfy the aspirations of its people of all ethnic groups for living a better life, it continuously prioritizes people’s rights to subsistence and development, vigorously safeguards and improves people’s livelihood, spares no efforts to solve the problems of the utmost and immediate concern to the people, practically safeguards the citizens’ economic, political, social and cultural rights and promotes social equity and harmony, so as to ensure that every member of society live a happier and more dignified life.