《2011年美国的人权纪录》（中英对照）

2011年美国的人权纪录<?xml:namespace prefix = o ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" />

Human Rights Record of the United States in 2011

中华人民共和国国务院新闻办公室

State Council Information Office of the People’s Republic of China

2012年5月25日

May 25, 2012

2012年5月24日，美国国务院发表《2011年国别人权报告》，再次对世界近200个国家和地区的人权状况品头论足，对中国人权事业歪曲指责，而对其自身糟糕的人权状况却熟视无睹、只字未提。为了让世界人民了解美国真实的人权状况，敦促美国反思其所作所为，特发表《2011年美国的人权纪录》。

The State Department of the United States released its Country Reports on Human Rights Practices for 2011 on May 24, 2012. As in previous years, the reports are full of over-critical remarks on the human rights situation in nearly 200 countries and regions as well as distortions and accusations concerning the human rights cause in China. However, the United States turned a blind eye to its own woeful human rights situation and kept silent about it. The Human Rights Record of the United States in 2011 is hereby prepared to reveal the true human rights situation of the United States to people across the world and urge the United States to face up to its own doings.

    一、关于生命、财产和人身安全

I. On Life, Property and Personal Security

美国拥有强大的人力、财力和物力资源可以对暴力犯罪进行有效的控制，但是美国社会却长期充斥暴力犯罪，公民的生命、财产和人身安全得不到应有的保障。

The United States has mighty strength in human, financial and material resources to exert effective control over violent crimes. However, its society is chronically suffering from violent crimes, and its citizens’ lives, properties and personal security are in lack of proper protection.

美国司法部2011年9月15日公布的报告显示，2010年，美国12岁及以上居民共经历了380万起暴力犯罪，140万起严重暴力犯罪，1480万起财产犯罪和13.8万起个人盗窃犯罪。犯罪率为每千人15起。（注1）美国多座城市和地区犯罪率激增。南部地区平均每10万人经历暴力犯罪452起、财产犯罪3438.8起。（注2）2011年的头四个星期中，旧金山的凶杀案就由2010年同期的5起增加到8起，奥克兰由4起增加到11起。（注3）2011年的头9个月，纽约市地铁重大偷窃案从2010年的852起增加到1075起，增长了25%。（注4）底特律地区凶杀案件同比上升13.5%。（注5） 2011年1月至10月，芝加哥共发生123924起重罪案。（注6）2011年1月播出的反校园暴力公益广告显示，2010年7月至12月，美国有600多万学生遭遇过校园暴力。（注7）另据“家庭急救”组织的统计，美国约30%的十多岁的学生卷入校园暴力。（注8）

A report published by the U.S. Department of Justice on September 15, 2011, revealed that in 2010 the U.S. residents aged 12 and above experienced 3.8 million violent victimizations, 1.4 million serious violent victimizations, 14.8 million property victimizations and 138,000 personal thefts. The violent victimization rate was 15 victimizations per 1,000 residents (www.bjs.gov). The crime rate surged in many cities and regions in the United States. In the southern region of the United States, there were 452 violent crimes and 3,438.8 property crimes per 100,000 inhabitants (in 2010) on average (The Wall Street Journal, September 20, 2011). Just four weeks into 2011, San Francisco saw eight homicides -- compared with five during the same time of the previous year, with Oakland racking up 11, when the previous year in the same period it had four (The San Francisco Chronicle, January 29, 2011). Grand larcenies in the subway in New York City increased from 852 in 2010 to 1,075 cases in the first nine months of 2011, a 25 percent jump (The China Press, September 24, 2011). Homicide cases in Detroit in 2011 saw a 13.5 percent rise over 2010 (www.buzzle.com). Between January and October 2011, a total of 123,924 serious crime cases took place in Chicago (portal.chicagopolice.org). An anti-bullying public service announcement declared in January 2011 that more than six million schoolchildren experienced bullying in the previous six months (CNN, March 10, 2011). According to statistics from the Family First Aid, almost 30 percent of teenagers in the United States are estimated to be involved in school bullying (www.familyfirstaid.org).

美国将拥枪权置于公民生命和人身安全的保障之上，枪支管理松懈，枪支泛滥。美国民用枪支数量占全世界的35%至50%，平均100人拥有90支枪。（注9）盖洛普民调机构2011年10月的调查发现，47%的美国成年人自报拥有枪支，比一年前增加6个百分点，为1993年此项调查开展以来最高。52%的35-54岁中年人自报拥有枪支。美国南部成人拥枪率高达54%。（注10）《纽约时报》2011年11月14日报道，自1995年以来，仅在华盛顿州就有3300多名重罪犯和家庭暴力罪犯重新获得了拥有枪支的权利，其中400多人又重新犯枪杀等罪行。

The United States prioritizes the right to keep and bear arms over the protection of citizens’ lives and personal security and exercises lax firearm possession control, causing rampant gun ownership. The U.S. people hold between 35 percent and 50 percent of the world’ s civilian-owned guns, with every 100 people having 90 guns (Online edition of the Foreign Policy, January 9, 2011). According to a Gallup poll in October 2011, 47 percent of American adults reported that they had a gun. That was an increase of six percentage points from a year ago and the highest Gallup had recorded since 1993. Fifty-two percent of middle-aged adults, aged between 35 and 54, reported to own guns, and the adults’ gun ownership in the south region was 54 percent (The China Press, October 28, 2011). The New York Times reported on November 14, 2011, that since 1995, more than 3,300 felons and people convicted of domestic violence misdemeanors had regained their gun rights in the state of Washington and of that number, more than 400 had subsequently committed new crimes, including shooting and other felonies (The New York Times, November 14, 2011).

美国枪支暴力和枪支致死率在发达国家中最高。美国《外交政策》2011年1月9日披露，美国每年3万多人死于枪支暴力，20万人因枪支暴力受伤。据美国司法部统计，2010年，在480760起抢劫犯罪、188380起强奸和性攻击犯罪中，犯罪分子使用枪支的分别占29%和7%。（注11）2011年6月2日，亚利桑那州发生一起连环枪击案，造成6人死亡，1人受伤。（注12）在芝加哥，仅在6月3日晚至4日凌晨，就发生了10余起枪击事件；（注13）在8月12日晚至13日凌晨，又发生5起枪击事件，均有多人伤亡。（注14）在密歇根州、得克萨斯州、俄亥俄州、内华达州和南加州均发生过一人一次开枪射杀5人以上的枪杀事件（注15）。枪击案频发，早已引起美国人民的不满，每年都有很多抗议，要求政府严格管理民间枪支，但是美国政府对此并未给予应有的重视。

The United States is the leader among the world’s developed countries in gun violence and gun deaths. According to a report of the Foreign Policy on January 9, 2011, over 30,000 Americans die every year from gun violence and another 200,000 Americans are estimated to be injured each year due to guns (Online edition of the Foreign Policy, January 9, 2011). According to statistics released by the U.S. Department of Justice, among the 480,760 robbery cases and 188,380 rape and sexual assault cases in 2010, the rates of victimization involving firearms were 29 percent and 7 percent, respectively (www.bjs.gov). On June 2, 2011, a shooting rampage in Arizona left six people dead and one injured (The China Press, June 3, 2011). In Chicago, more than 10 overnight shooting incidents took place just between the evening of June 3 and the morning of June 4 (Chicago Tribune, June 4, 2011). Another five overnight shootings occurred between August 12 evening and August 13 morning in Chicago. These incidents have caused a number of deaths and injuries (Chicago Tribune, August 13, 2011). Shooting spree cases involving one gunman shooting dead over five people also happened in the states of Michigan, Texas, Ohio, Nevada and Southern California (The New York Times, October 13, 2011; CNN, July 8, 2011; CBS, July 23, 2011;USA Today, August 9, 2011). High incidence of gun-related crimes has long ignited complaints of the U.S. people and they stage multiple protests every year, demanding the government strictly control the private possession of arms. The U.S. government, however, fails to pay due attention to this issue.