世行行长金墉在俄罗斯总统国民经济和公共管理学院的演讲（中英对照）

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英文版：What’s Next for Russia’s Economic Future and Global Role.doc

中文版：未来的俄罗斯经济及其全球角色是怎样的.doc

 

“What’s Next for Russia’s Economic Future and Global Role?” - Lecture by World Bank Group President Jim Yong Kim

“未来的俄罗斯经济及其全球角色是怎样的？” ——世界银行行长金镛的演讲

 

World Bank Group President Jim Yong Kim

世界银行行长金镛

 

Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration

俄罗斯总统国民经济和公共管理学院

 

Moscow, Russian Federation

莫斯科，俄罗斯联邦

 

February 14, 2013

2013年2月14日

 

Introduction

引言

 

Thank you, Professor Mau, distinguished faculty members and students.

 

毛教授、尊敬的老师和同学们，谢谢你们。

 

I am honored to speak to you today here at the Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration.  Thank you for inviting me.

 

今天在俄罗斯总统国民经济和公共管理学院发表演讲，我深感荣幸。谢谢你们对我的邀请。

 

As a former president of an Ivy League School, Dartmouth College, home of the outstanding Tuck School of Business, I feel very much at home in this academic environment and highly value the work you do here at RANEPA in educating the next generation of Russian professionals.

 

我曾担任美国一所常青藤学校——达特茅斯学院——的校长，所以今天在这个学术环境里我非常自在。我也知道你们在俄罗斯总统国民经济和公共管理学院（RANEPA）为培养下一代俄罗斯专业人士所做的工作意义重大。

 

Today, I would like to challenge you – the students of RANEPA – to build on the great Russian traditions of intellectual curiosity to solve the challenges your country will face in the 21st Century.

 

今天，我想向你们——RANEPA的同学们——提出一个挑战：请你们发挥俄罗斯勤于思考的传统，解决你们的国家在21世纪将面临的各种挑战。

 

My challenge to you is to look ahead to the next 50 years in Russia and ask yourself the question, “What’s Next?”  More specifically, I ask you to think about this question: “What’s next for Russia’s economic future and its role in the global community?”

 

我对你们的挑战是：着眼于未来50年的俄罗斯，问你自己这样一个问题：“下一步怎么做？”更具体的，我请你们考虑这个问题：“如何发展未来的俄罗斯经济？俄罗斯在世界上应发挥怎样的作用？”

 

Tomsk Shows the Way on TB Fight

托木斯克的经验指出了战胜结核病的途径

 

First, let me just say that it is good to be back in Russia.

 

首先，我要说说为什么我很高兴再次回到俄罗斯。

 

Some of you may know that my commitment to Russia goes back 15 years, to when I worked in Siberia starting in the late 1990s.  I know your country, I admire your intellectual history, and I care about your people. 

 

你们当中一些人可能知道我在俄罗斯的工作可以追溯到15年以前——从90年代后期开始，我在西伯利亚开展了一些工作。我了解你们的国家，我钦佩你们的思想文化历史，我也关心你们的人民。

 

In 1987, I helped found Partners in Health, a non-profit organization that uses a community-based approach to health care and now is working in 12 countries around the world.

 

1987年，我推动成立了“健康伙伴”组织，这是一个用基于社区的办法开展医疗保健服务的非盈利组织，现在它在世界上12个国家开展工作。

 

In the 1990s, our group started working with Russian authorities in Tomsk Oblast, helping combat an epidemic of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis.

 

在90年代，我们这个组织开始与俄罗斯有关部门在托木斯克州开展合作，帮助当地抗击耐多药结核病的流行。

 

I am delighted that Oksana Ponomarenko, who is in charge of the Partners in Health project in Tomsk, is with us here today.

 

我非常高兴的是，负责“健康伙伴”组织托木斯克项目的奥克萨纳·波诺马仁科今天也在座。

 

This fight against TB in Tomsk is hard work. But, in the end, the collaboration between Russian experts and international partners brought the epidemic under control. What’s more, this collaboration generated scientific findings and delivery innovations that have gone on to strengthen practice in other settings around the world.

 

在托木斯克抗击结核病是一项非常困难的工作，但最终俄罗斯专家与国际伙伴的协作使这一流行病得到了控制。不仅如此，通过这一协作项目，我们还获得了一些科学发现，在提供医疗服务方面进行了创新，这对后来在世界其他地区的工作有很大帮助。

 

In Tomsk, the ministry, the doctors, the nurses, and especially the patients committed themselves to achieving results. They showed that by respecting science and building a good health system you could break the back of a severe and dangerous form of TB. The policymakers examined the overwhelming evidence of success from the project, they accepted it, and applied that approach to their fight against TB.

 

在托木斯克项目中，卫生部、医生、护士、尤其是病人，都致力于取得良好的结果。他们尊重科学，建立了可以战胜这种严重且危险的结核病的医疗体系。决策者们审核了关于项目成果的有力证据，认可了项目的成功，并将项目的方法用于他们自己抗击结核病的工作。

 

Today, the patient-centered approach in Tomsk has been replicated in other parts of the Russian Federation, such as Novosibirsk, Voronezh, and Saratov Oblasts.

 

现在，托木斯克开创的这种以病人为中心的方法已经在俄罗斯联邦的其他地方加以复制，如新西伯利亚、沃罗涅日、萨拉托夫等州。

 

Partners in the Tomsk program have led training sessions for hundreds of clinicians, nurses and research staff across Russia.

 

参与托木斯克项目的合作伙伴为来自俄罗斯各地的数百名门诊医生、护士和研究人员举行了培训。

 

That’s not all. The research findings in Tomsk helped inform new global guidelines for treatment of multidrug-resistant TB in 2006. What happened in Tomsk helped to change the way the world thinks about this disease, and it has helped save hundreds of thousands of lives.

 

项目的影响不限于此。通过托木斯克项目得出的研究成果还为2006年全球耐多药结核病治疗指南的编写提供了参考。托木斯克开展的工作改变了国际上对这一疾病的认识，也拯救了成千上万人的生命。

 

Local success, as shown in Tomsk, can be scaled up and become part of a global solution.  I believe this is how we can tackle some of the world’s most difficult problems. As our TB project has shown, Russia can achieve extraordinary progress for its own people as well as for the international community, if it puts dedicated people on the job and finds the right partners to support them.

 

在一个地方取得的成功可以被推广扩大，成为全球性解决方案的一个组成部分。托木斯克的经验就说明了这一点。我认为我们可以用这种办法来解决世界上最为困难的一些问题。我们的结核病项目说明，只要让那些专注于工作的人负责相关工作，并找到合适的伙伴向他们提供支持，俄罗斯就可以为自己的国民、也为国际社会取得非凡的成就。

 

Perhaps most importantly, the Tomsk experience showed that Russia, with history that dates back to the year 862, with its giants through the ages in literature, the arts, sports, and science, is continuing to generate innovations that can solve today’s toughest problems.

 

可能最重要的一点是，托木斯克的经验表明，历史悠久、最早可追溯到公元862年的俄罗斯，不仅历史上在文学、艺术、体育运动和科学领域出现了诸多卓越人物，而且今天也在继续为解决世界上最为棘手的问题做出各种创新。

 

Continuous learning is at the heart of these solutions. As an old Russian proverb says, “There is no shame in not knowing; the shame lies in not finding out.”

 

This phrase captures the restless questioning and drive to expand knowledge that have characterized Russian science and culture at their best.

 

持续不断的学习是解决这些问题的核心。正如俄罗斯古谚所说：“不知不为耻；耻在不学不问。”这个谚语抓住了不懈追求新知的精神，而这种精神正是俄罗斯辉煌的科学文化成就的精髓。

 

What Next for Russia’s Economic Future?

如何发展未来的俄罗斯经济？

 

The faculty and the students here today can attest to the fact that Russia is known worldwide for its educational system, for pushing the boundaries of science, and for applying what we call the “science of delivery” to many issues.

 

今天在座的各位师生都是很好的证据，说明俄罗斯有享誉世界的教育体系，不断探求科学的最前沿，并将我们称为“交付科学”的知识应用于很多实际问题。

 

Knowledge, said Anton Chekhov, “is of no value unless you put it into practice.”

 

安东·契诃夫曾说过：“不用于实践的知识毫无价值。”

 

The challenge for those of you at RANEPA is how you can harness these great Russian academic traditions and apply them to the challenges your country will face in your lifetime.

 

对RANEPA的师生来说，你们要做的就是继承俄罗斯的伟大学术传统，解决你们所处的这个时代俄罗斯面临的这种挑战。

 

As I have traveled around the world as president of the World Bank, I have been very impressed at how many countries such as China and South Korea are thinking hard about their future and are constantly re-evaluating their strategy for the next five, ten and even 50 years.  Even though their growth in recent decades has been the envy of other countries, they are not sitting still. Instead, they are asking themselves the question, “What next?”

 

作为世界银行行长，我常在世界各地访问。我注意到很多国家——如中国和韩国——都在努力思考他们的未来，并不断调整他们在今后5年、10年、甚至50年的发展战略。这给我留下了很深的印象。尽管他们最近几十年的经济增长让其他国家艳羡，但他们并没有在成绩面前止步，而是不断地自问：“下一步怎么做？”

 

Given the challenges of globalization, every country needs to be asking itself this question – and Russia is no exception.

 

鉴于全球化带来的各种挑战，每个国家都需要向自己提出这个问题——俄罗斯也不例外。

 

Russia’s growth in the 2000s was impressive – but what happens in 20 to 25 years when the tap on the country’s oil pipeline starts to run dry or if no new fields are discovered?  What is the strategy for replacing oil and gas that currently account for two-thirds of the country’s exports?  What is next?

 

俄罗斯在2000年代的增长令人瞩目——但20-25年以后、国家现有输油管线的石油开始耗竭或是不再有新油田可供开采的时候又该怎么办呢？用什么来替代现在占总出口三分之二的石油和天然气？下一步怎样做？