世行行长金墉在美国战略与国际研究中心的讲话（中英对照）

“Anti-corruption Efforts in a Global Environment: A Commitment to Act”<?xml:namespace prefix = o ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" />

“全球环境中的反腐败努力：行动的承诺”

--Speech on Anti-Corruption at the Center for Strategic and International Studies

——在美国战略与国际研究中心的讲话

World Bank Group President Jim Yong Kim

世界银行行长金墉

Washington, DC

华盛顿

January 30, 2013

2013年1月30日

Colleagues, Friends and Development Partners:

同事们，朋友们，发展伙伴们：

It is apt that we meet here at CSIS, where since 1962 the Center has pushed boundaries to find practical solutions to the major, intractable problems of the times. Among these, perhaps none has been more ubiquitous or enduring than the problem of corruption, which is on our agenda for today. Not long ago, it was accepted in many development circles that little could be done about the problem. In the 1990s, such attitudes started to change in response to many factors, including the end of the Cold War and the growth of global NGOs, such as Transparency International.

我们今天在CSIS（战略与国际研究中心）开会是很合适的，因为从1962年以来，该中心一直力求突破界限寻找针对当代重大难题的切实可行的解决办法。这些问题中，恐怕没有一个比腐败问题更普遍更持久，这也是我们今天议程上要讨论的问题。不久前，在许多发展圈子里普遍公认对这个问题难有作为。在上世纪九十年代，这种态度开始发生改变，原因有多个，包括冷战的结束和全球非政府组织的成长，比如“透明国际”。

During this period, a growing body of evidence began underscoring that corruption exacts a pernicious toll on development. Research by the Bank and others has demonstrated that there is a negative association between growth and corruption. Corruption acts as a regressive tax, penalizing poorer citizens and smaller firms. It restricts access to services for the more vulnerable citizens and is associated with a lower quality of public services. It is a significant cost for business. By one estimate $20 to $40 billion are stolen from developing countries each year.

在这个时期，越来越多的证据开始表明，腐败对发展造成有害的影响。世行和其他机构所做的研究显示，在增长与腐败之间呈负相关关系。腐败就像累退税，惩罚的是穷人和小企业，它限制弱势人群获得服务，造成公共服务质量低下，它给企业增加额外的成本。据估计发展中国家每年被盗资产多达200至400亿美元。

The World Bank has played an important role in the evolution of the global integrity and good governance agenda ever since Jim Wolfensohn’s “Cancer of Corruption” speech at the Bank’s annual meeting in 1996. For me, Jim’s original words resonate every bit as strongly today as when they were first uttered 16 years ago.

自从1996年吉姆·沃尔夫森行长在世行年会上发表《腐败的毒瘤》的讲话以来，世界银行在推进全球廉政治理议程中发挥了重要的作用。在我看来，吉姆的原话在今天引起的强烈共鸣丝毫不亚于16年前初次发表这篇讲话的时候。

Jim said: “Corruption diverts resources from the poor to the rich, increases the cost of running businesses, distorts public expenditures and deters foreign investors…it is a major barrier to sound and equitable development.”

吉姆说：“腐败劫贫济富，增加企业运营成本，扭曲公共支出，令外国投资者望而却步……它是阻碍健康和公平发展的一个主要障碍。”

I am privileged to have this opportunity to spell out my thoughts as to how the Bank will address issues of anticorruption during my tenure. Let me begin with two caveats.

我很荣幸有此机会就世行在我任期内如何对待反腐败问题阐述我的想法。我首先讲两点。

The first is that the anticorruption agenda is an important subset of the broader good governance movement and needs to be viewed within this setting. Few issues are more important for development and shared growth than good governance. Public institutions deliver vital services such as health and education, upon which the poor are particularly dependent. Corruption subverts and undermines all these functions and as such serves as a major impediment to development. It is in this context that combating corruption both has been and will continue to remain one of the Bank’s top priorities.

第一，反腐败议程是更广泛的善治运动的一项重要内容，需要在这一背景下看待它。没有什么问题比善治对于发展和共享增长更重要。公共机构提供卫生和教育等重要服务，而贫困人口特别依赖这些服务。腐败颠覆和破坏所有这些功能，因而成为发展的主要障碍。正是在这种大背景下，反腐败始终是并将继续是世行的首要任务之一。

Second, as our recent Governance and Anticorruption Strategy Update notes, much of the Bank’s work on this agenda is about managing—and not avoiding—risk. We need to be engaged in settings and contexts that do not rank highly on global indices of good governance. We need to be fighting poverty in areas where the legal framework for combating corrupt and illicit behavior is imperfect and institutions of public accountability may not function well, or even exist at all. We need to be encouraging staff to take risks and innovate in the service of development, as long as the risks are carefully thought through up front and managed during implementation. Our response must be swift and decisive when problems emerge—as they inevitably will.

第二，我们最近发布的最新《治理与反腐败战略》指出，世行在这个议程下的大部分工作是围绕管理风险而不是逃避风险。我们需要介入在全球善治指标中排名不靠前的大背景和大环境。我们需要在打击腐败和不法行为的法制框架不健全、公共问责制度不能很好发挥作用或者根本就不存在的领域开展反贫困斗争。我们需要鼓励员工在从事发展工作时敢于承担风险和创新，前提是从一开始就仔细考虑过风险，并在实施过程中管理好风险。当问题出现时——这是不可避免的，我们的反应必须迅速果断。

Enforcement is important. To give you a sense of the problem, last week we took stock of the World Bank’s investigations into misconduct in its projects. This exercise revealed that we had closed 609 investigations and generated 205 debarments over the past four and a half years. I have asked the relevant units in the Bank to sift through this body of evidence, distill the lessons so that we can better modulate risk to ensure that those insights guide future business decisions.

执法是很重要的。让各位感受一下这个问题，上周我们盘点了世行对项目违规行为的调查，盘点结果显示我们在过去四年半时间里完成了609项调查，产生了250项取消资格的决定。我请世行有关部门筛选一下这些证据，从中汲取教训，从而使我们能够更好地调控风险，确保利用这些认识来指导我们未来的业务决策。

Our willingness to work in difficult situations and an appetite for measured risk should never be confused with a willingness to tolerate corruption in Bank projects and activities. Let me say it loud and clear: When corruption is discovered in our projects and activities, we have zero tolerance for it within the World Bank Group.

我们愿意在困难的情况下工作，我们乐于承担已测定的风险，但这绝不应当与愿意容忍世行项目和活动中的腐败现象混为一谈。我要响亮清楚地说明一点：当我们的项目和活动中发现腐败时，我们世界银行集团内部采取“零容忍”。

So where does this leave us? Should we shy away from high-risk interventions and forgo the potentially massive benefits to the poor or should we rather take a calculated risk, design appropriate safeguards and move forward with them? My answer is that we need to take risks for development results but we have to do so with our eyes open and try to mitigate those risks as much as we can.