陈冯富珍总干事在世界气象组织特别大会上的讲话（中英对照）

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气候变率如何影响卫生

--Address to the Extraordinary Session of the World Meteorological Congress

——在世界气象组织特别大会上的讲话

Dr Margaret Chan

Director-General of the World Health Organization

世界卫生组织总干事

陈冯富珍博士

Geneva, Switzerland

瑞士日内瓦

29 October 2012

2012年10月29日

Secretary-General, Michel Jarraud, distinguished delegates, ladies and gentlemen,

米歇尔•雅罗秘书长、各位尊敬的代表、女士们、先生们，

Prevention and preparedness are the heart of public health. Risk management is our daily bread and butter. Information on climate variability and climate change is a powerful scientific tool that assists in these tasks. Up to now, this tool has been underutilized.

预防和防范是公共卫生的核心。风险管理是我们的每日生计。有关气候变率和气候变化的信息是能够协助我们完成这些任务的有力科学工具。迄今为止，这一工具尚未得到充分利用。

The Global Framework for Climate Services, and the implementation plan you will be discussing during this session, promise to change this situation in exciting ways.

全球气候服务框架以及各位将在本次大会上讨论的实施计划有可能改变这一状况，这令人兴奋。

The plan focuses on four areas for the application of climate information with the greatest potential for an immediate impact on human lives. Health is one. The remaining three are fundamental determinants of health. Namely: agriculture and food security, disaster risk management, and water.

该计划关注四个应用气候信息并最有可能对人类生活产生直接影响的领域。卫生就是其中之一。其它三个领域也是重要的健康决定因素，即：农业和粮食安全、灾害风险管理、水。

Climate and weather affect the air people breathe, the food they eat, and the water they drink.

气候和天气影响人们呼吸的空气、食用的食物和饮用的水。

Climate variables contribute to natural disasters, with their related population displacements, lost livelihoods, destroyed infrastructures, and conditions of crowding and filth that favour explosive outbreaks of disease. Diarrhoeal diseases, the second biggest killer of young children worldwide, flourish under such conditions.

气候变量导致自然灾害，进而带来人口流离失所、失去生计，基础设施遭到破坏，拥挤而肮脏的生活条件还会造成疾病爆炸式暴发。腹泻病在这种情况下最猖獗，而腹泻病导致全球幼儿死亡的第二大杀手。

Many of the world’s most worrisome diseases have transmission cycles that are profoundly shaped by conditions of heat and humidity and patterns of rainfall.

世界上最令人担忧的许多疾病的传播周期都受到热量、湿度和降雨模式的深刻影响。

I am talking about malaria, its parasites, and the mosquitoes responsible for transmission. All are highly sensitive to climate variability, which has been repeatedly linked to epidemics.

我要说的是疟疾、导致疟疾的寄生虫和传播疟疾的蚊子。所有这些都对气候变率高度敏感，而人们也不断发现气候变率与流行病有关。

Scientists use climate data sets, based on advances in seasonal forecasting, to predict unusual increases in malaria transmission and facilitate preparedness. Doing so is critically important, as a child infected with malaria can die within 24 hours in the absence of medicines.

科学家以季节预报方面的进展为基础利用气候数据组来预测疟疾传播的不寻常增加，从而有助于防范。这么做至关重要，因为感染疟疾的儿童如果得不到药物就可能在24小时之内死亡。

Malaria matters greatly. In endemic areas, and especially in Africa, this disease is the single biggest health-related barrier to economic development.

疟疾问题很重要。在疟疾流行区，特别是在非洲，这种疾病是阻碍经济发展的最大卫生相关障碍。

I am also talking about epidemic-prone diseases, like cholera, dengue, and bacterial meningitis. All are major diseases infecting large numbers of people, and all are highly sensitive to climate variability.

我要说的还有易流行疾病，如霍乱、登革热和细菌性脑膜炎。这些主要疾病都影响大量人口，而且都对气候变率高度敏感。

Cholera is a close companion of heavy rainfall and floods, but epidemics can also be ignited by drought conditions that compromise water safety and food hygiene.

霍乱往往与大量降雨和洪水有关，但如果干旱导致水安全和食品卫生受到影响，那也可能引发霍乱流行。