世行行长金墉在布鲁金斯学会的演讲（中英对照）

Global Development at a Pivotal Time: A Conversation with World Bank President Dr. Jim Yong Kim<?xml:namespace prefix = o ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" />

关键时刻的全球发展：与世界银行行长金墉对话

Thank you.  It’s such a pleasure to be here, Strobe, but when you said that my successors have been here, as the man who knows everything about Washington, I thought, “Oh, my God, what does he know that I don’t know.”  I still have five years, Strobe.

谢谢您，斯特洛普。站在这里令人高兴，但是当您说我的接班人来过这里，作为对华盛顿无所不知的人，我想：“老天，他知道什么我不知道的。”我还有五年时间。

Thank you for the kind introduction and I just want to share with you a few words before we jump into the discussion.

谢谢您客气的介绍，我想在开始讨论之前先和各位说几句话。

Kemal, I’m so pleased to be with you today.  You’re one of the heroes of the World Bank.

克马尔，我很高兴今天和您一起参会，您是世界银行的一个英雄。

And in many ways, the Brookings Institution, and the Global Economy and Development Program that you head is a showcase for evidence-based policy research, an approach that’s critical for the World Bank today.

从很多方面来说，布鲁金斯研究院和您所领导的全球经济与发展项目是实证政策研究的一个示范，是对于世界银行目前具有重要意义的一种模式。

As many of you know, I’m in my third week at the World Bank, and I’m still learning about this great institution.  So, let me use this opportunity to share my early reflections in the role of the World Bank in global development today.  I want to start by making two points.

在座的各位很多人都知道，这是我到世界银行的第三周，我还在了解这个伟大的机构。所以，我想利用这个机会分享一下我对世界银行在当今全球发展中的作用的初步感受。我想先讲两点。

First, the last decade has been very good for many, though not all, developing countries.  Progress has not come easily.  It was borne out of hard work, learning from success and failures, bold reforms, and strong partnerships.  This decade of achievement definitely inspires optimism for the next phase of our development work.

首先，过去十年对于许多虽然不是所有发展中国家都很好。进步来之不易，来自于辛勤努力，来自于从成功和失败中学习，来自于大胆改革和紧密合作。这十年的成就激发了我们对未来十年发展工作的乐观情绪。

My second point is that while we should be proud of the progress of the last decade, we must acknowledge that 1.3 billion people still live on less than $1.25 a day.  This is a stain on our collective conscience.  Aggressively attacking poverty is both a moral and an economic imperative.  The next phase of global development will require us to address critical challenges, if we are to make progress.  As a global institution with 188 member countries, the World Bank must play a pivotal role in brokering solutions to achieve a world free of poverty.  But in order to succeed, the Bank must also evolve and become better.  Let me elaborate.

我的第二点是，虽然我们应当为过去十年取得的进步感到自豪，但我们也必须承认，还有13亿人仍然生活在每天1.25美元以下。这是我们集体良心上的一个污点。积极进攻贫困，在道义上和经济上都是必要的。我们要想取得进步，下一阶段的全球发展将要求我们应对关键的挑战。作为一个拥有188个成员国的全球性机构，世界银行必须在提供解决方案建立一个没有贫困的世界方面发挥关键性的作用。但是，为了取得成功，世行自身也必须发展和变得更好。我来解释一下。

For the last decade or so, remarkable things have been happening in the developing world.  Since 2000, nearly 30 developing countries have grown by 6 percent or more a year.  We’ve never seen this kind of rapid and sustained development across so many countries.  High-income economies also grew about 1.6 percent, and so we witnessed both growth and convergence.  Developing countries are now the engine driving the global economy, accounting for around two-thirds of global growth.  We can fairly say that the concept of a “Development Decade” that eluded us for 50 years was finally achieved.

在过去十来年，发展中国家发生了显著的变化。2000年以来，将近30个国家每年增长6%以上。我们从未见过这么多国家同时取得这样快速和持续的发展。高收入经济体也以每年1.6%左右的速度增长，因此我们目睹了增长与趋同。发展中国家是当今推动全球经济的火车头，占全球增长约三分之二。我们可以公平地说，50年没有实现的“发展的十年”的概念现在终于实现了。

This story of transformational change is not just a story about emerging economies like India and China.  It is broad-based, and extends to countries that are land-locked like Rwanda, a country that I visited many times, that are small like Laos and large like India; that don’t have natural resources, like Ethiopia; and it extends even to countries that were once mired in conflict, like Mozambique.

这个转型变化的故事不仅仅是关于印度和中国等新兴经济体的，而是基础广泛的，扩大到像卢旺达那样的内陆国家，我曾多次去过这个国家，扩大到像老挝那样的小国和像印度那样的大国，扩大到没有自然资源的国家，比如埃塞俄比亚，也扩大到那些曾经陷于战乱的国家，比如莫桑比克。

This story of transformational change is also about new gains in the fight against poverty.  There are millions of people who are no longer poor; there are many more families who are sending their children to school; and there are many more communities that have electricity, water and access to health care.  The rate of decline in child mortality in Africa is double what it was a decade ago.  The overall percentage of the population in the developing world living on less than $1.25 a day was 22 percent in 2008--half the 1990 figure.  The Millennium Development Goal of halving the 1990 incidence of extreme poverty has been achieved.

这个转型变化的故事也是关于反贫困斗争的新成果的。数百万人民摆脱了贫困；许多家庭现在可以送孩子上学；许多社区通了电，通了水，获得了医疗保健服务。非洲儿童死亡率的下降速度比十年前提高了一倍。发展中国家每天生活费低于1.25美元的人口总比例在2008年达到22%，只有1990年的一半。在1990年的基础上将极度贫困发生率降低一半的千年发展目标业已实现。

The lesson of the last decade is that progress is possible for everyone.  Nothing is pre-determined.  Having come to the U.S. from a country that was once described as a “basket case,” I know in my gut that we have to take great care never to again attach that label to any country again.

过去十年的启示是，进步对于所有人都是可能的，没有什么是预先确定的。我从一个一度被称为“废人”的国家来到美国，我凭我的直觉知道，我们必须十分小心永远不要再给任何国家贴上这种标签。

Although a tremendous amount of work remains to be done as I take the helm of the World Bank, I carry with me an unshakable optimism that all countries can boost prosperity and eradicate poverty.

虽然我掌管世界银行之后还有大量的工作要做，但我抱着不可动摇的乐观情绪，坚信所有国家都能够促进繁荣和消除贫困。

There are many differences across countries but there are some common elements to countries that have grown continuously.  They have stable governments that pursue prudent economic policies, provide essential infrastructure and services, and take a long-term perspective.  They use the opportunities provided by global markets and they have a dynamic and competitive private sector.

各国之间有许多不同之处，但各国也有一些不断扩大的共同点。他们都有稳定的政府奉行审慎的经济政策，提供必要的基础设施和服务，采取长远的眼光看问题。他们都利用全球市场提供的机遇，他们都拥有充满活力和具有竞争力的私营部门。

Through its lending, knowledge, and expertise, the World Bank has been an important partner in supporting these countries in their success.

通过贷款、知识和专长，世界银行始终是支持这些国家取得成功的一个重要伙伴。

I have met with hundreds of staff over the last three weeks and I have discovered so many examples of where the Bank has been at its best.  It partnered with China to undertake land-terracing to enable small farmers to grow more and earn more, which today is being piloted on the hillsides of Rwanda.  It’s been working with governments to improve the management and transparency of public finances so that taxpayer money is better spent.

我在过去三周里会见了几百名员工，我发现了许多世行工作最杰出的例子。世行与中国合作修建梯田，使小农户增加产量和收入，现在这种模式正在卢旺达的山坡上试点。世行与各国政府合作改善公共财政管理提高透明度，把纳税人的钱用得更好。

The Bank is helping countries share experiences across continents.  With the Bank’s facilitation of knowledge development and transfer, Turkey’s economic transition is inspiring reformers in North Africa and the Middle East.  India’s IT services are emulated in many African countries.  Brazil is offering its knowledge in agriculture to African countries.

世行帮助各大洲各国分享经验。由于世行促进知识开发与转让的工作，土耳其的经济过渡为北非和中东的改革人士带来灵感。很多非洲国家在模仿印度的IT服务业。巴西向非洲国家提供农业知识。

All across the developing world, the International Finance Corporation, our private sector arm, together with MIGA, the Multilateral Investment Guarantee Association [Agency], are leading the way in proposing innovative approaches to leveraging private sector investment in areas such as agriculture, manufacturing, and clean energy.

在各发展中国家，我们的私营部门窗口国际金融公司和多边投资担保机构一起，率先提出创新模式，调动私营部门在农业、制造业和清洁能源领域进行投资。