拉尔·布雷纳德国际贸易协会就美中战略与经济对话的成果发表的讲话（中英对照）

Remarks by Under Secretary for International Affairs Lael Brainard on the Outcomes of the U.S.-China Strategic and Economic Dialogue (S&ED) before the Washington International Trade Association<?xml:namespace prefix = o ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" />

美国财政部主管国际事务的副部长拉尔•布雷纳德在华盛顿国际贸易协会就美中战略与经济对话的成果发表的讲话

May 8, 2012

2012年5月8日

The conclusion of the fourth Strategic and Economic Dialogue (S&ED) presents a good opportunity to reflect on the progress we have made in our economic relationship with China and the challenges and opportunities that lie ahead.

第四轮战略与经济对话落幕为我们提供了一个良好的机会，以便反思我们在同中国的经济关系中所取得的进展以及今后将面临的挑战和机遇。

We are working to achieve an economic relationship with China that delivers greater benefits for American workers and businesses while contributing to stronger and more balanced global growth.

我们正在努力同中国建立一种能为美国劳动者带来更大的惠益，同时还能推动更强劲、更平衡的全球增长的经济关系。

Over the past three years, we have made progress on our goals. Since early 2009, U.S. exports to China have more than doubled and now exceed $130 billion a year. China’s exchange rate has appreciated by 13 percent against the dollar in real terms over the past two years. And we have seen a large reduction in China’s current account surplus – from 9 percent the year before President Obama took office to under 3 percent today.

在过去3年中，我们为实现我们的目标取得了进展。自2009年年初以来，美国对华出口增长了一倍以上，年出口额现已超过1300亿美元。在过去2年中，中国货币兑美元的实际汇率已上升了13%。我们还看到中国的经常帐盈余大幅降低——从欧巴马总统就职那一年的9%下降到今天的不到3%。

Our discussions with China in the S&ED yielded encouraging progress on our goals of rebalancing the economy, opening the financial system, and leveling the playing field.

我们同中国在战略与经济对话中的磋商取得了令人鼓舞的进展，有助于我们实现重新平衡经济、开放金融体制及创造平等的竞争环境的目标。

Rebalancing global demand is critical if we are to sustain strong and sustainable growth. As the United States reorients its growth strategy to focus on exports and competitiveness, and with European demand expected to be weak for some time, sustaining growth will require stronger demand from surplus emerging economies. Fortunately, China has ample capacity for growth driven more by domestic consumption and less by overinvestment in resource intensive and export industries. But achieving this shift will require important policy changes.

我们若要保持强劲的、可持续的增长，重新平衡全球需求是至关重要的。当美国重新将发展战略的重点放在出口和竞争力上，加之欧洲的需求预期在一段时期内会出现疲软，保持增长就必须要靠有盈余的新兴经济体扩大需求。可喜的是，中国具备充足的能力进一步转向以国内消费带动增长，并减轻对资源密集型出口产业的过度投资的依赖。但要实现这种转型必须要有重大的政策转变。

That is why we are pleased that China has pledged to embark on structural tax reductions before the end of the year. Cutting tariffs and reducing burdensome taxes on services will create opportunities for U.S. producers and boost the buying power of China’s consumers.

这就是我们为中国保证在年底前着手实行结构性减税而感到高兴的原因。取消关税以及削减服务业的繁重税赋将为美国生产商创造更多的机会，并提高中国消费者的购买力。

Moving to a market-determined exchange rate will be a powerful tool as China rebalances and opens its financial system. Going into the S&ED, Chinese authorities announced the widening of the exchange rate band in a context of diminished intervention. If implemented in a way that enables the exchange rate to fully reflect market forces, this could make an important contribution to rebalancing.

向一个由市场决定的汇率制度过渡将成为中国重新平衡经济及开放其金融体制的过程中的一个有力工具。中国有关部门在战略与经济对话前夕宣布在减少干预的前提下加宽汇率浮动区间。如果具体实行方式能促使汇率完全根据市场走势浮动，便能为重新平衡经济做出重大贡献。