温家宝总理在斯德哥尔摩＋40可持续发展伙伴论坛上的讲话（中英对照）

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Speech at Stockholm+40--Partnership Forum for Sustainable Development

中华人民共和国国务院总理  温家宝

Wen Jiabao, Premier of the State Council of the People’s Republic of China

2012年4月25日

Stockholm, 25 April 2012

尊敬的卡尔十六世·古斯塔夫国王陛下，

尊敬的韦斯特贝里议长、赖因费尔特首相，

各位部长，女士们、先生们、朋友们：

Your Majesty King Carl XVI Gustaf,

Honorable Per Westerberg, Speaker of the Riksdag,

Honorable Fredrik Reinfeldt, Prime Minister of Sweden,

Dear Ministers,

Ladies and Gentlemen,

Dear Friends,

　　我代表中国政府，对斯德哥尔摩+40可持续发展伙伴论坛的召开表示热烈祝贺！

I wish to extend, on behalf of the Chinese government, warm congratulations on the opening of the Stockholm+40 -- Partnership Forum for Sustainable Development.

　　40年前，联合国在这里召开了首次人类环境会议，发表了具有划时代意义的历史性文献《人类环境宣言》，形成了人类环境行动计划，提出了一个响遍世界的口号：只有一个地球！那次会议标志着人类对环境问题的普遍觉醒，开启了可持续发展的新纪元。中国的环保和可持续发展事业也从此摆上政府的重要日程。今天，我们隆重纪念这一历史盛会，重温宣言的经典篇章，更加赞叹前人的远见卓识，更能领悟当代人的重大责任。

Four decades ago here, the United Nations held the first conference on the human environment. It adopted an epoch-making document, the Declaration on the Human Environment and the Action Plan for the Human Environment, and made a resounding appeal - “Only One Earth”. That conference awakened mankind to the environmental issue and ushered in a new era of sustainable development. Since then, environmental protection and sustainable development have become a high priority on the agenda of the Chinese government. Today, as we commemorate that historic conference and as the call of the Declaration comes to mind again, we cannot but all the more marvel at the vision of our predecessors and be more keenly aware of the major responsibilities that we, the present generation, have on our shoulders.

　　中国是可持续发展的坚定支持者和实践者。在中国的传统价值观中，蕴含着可持续发展精神。两千多年前，中国古代哲学家就提出“天人合一”、“道法自然”的思想，倡导人与自然和谐相处，这是可持续发展追求的最高境界。40年来，中国参加了可持续发展理念形成和发展中具有里程碑意义的历次国际大会，我们把节约资源、保护环境确立为基本国策，把可持续发展战略上升为国家战略。进入新世纪，我们将科学发展观确立为经济社会发展的重要指导方针，其基本要求是坚持以人为本、实现全面协调可持续发展。

China is committed to pursuing sustainable development. As a matter of fact, sustainable development is embodied in China’s traditional values. Over 2,000 years ago, Chinese philosophers called for maintaining “unity between heaven and man” and following “the law of nature” so as to achieve harmony between man and nature. As we see it, this is the ultimate goal for us in pursuing sustainable development. Over the past 40 years, China has attended all the international conferences which were crucial in shaping and enriching the concept of sustainable development. China takes resources conservation and environmental protection as a state policy and pursues sustainable development as a national strategy. Entering the 21st century, China is pursuing economic and social development under the guidance of the Scientific Outlook on Development, a fundamental principle which calls for putting people first and promoting balanced and sustainable development in all areas.

　　中国人讲求言必信、行必果。40年来，我们用可持续发展的丰富实践，忠实地履行对国内人民和国际社会的承诺。我们实行最严格的耕地和水资源管理制度，用占世界不足10%的耕地和人均仅有世界水平28%的水资源，养活了占世界1/5的人口。我们几十年如一日坚持植树造林，建成的人工林已达62万平方公里。我们在过去6年淘汰了8383万千瓦能耗高、污染重的小火电机组，相当于一个欧洲中等国家的电力装机规模。我们大力发展清洁低碳能源，目前是世界上水电、风电装机总量最大的国家。2005年以来，在经济快速增长过程中，中国的单位国内生产总值能源消耗降低了21%，主要污染物二氧化硫、化学需氧量排放总量分别下降16%和14%。30多年来，我们减少了2亿多农村贫困人口，是最早实现千年发展目标中“贫困人口减半”的国家。

China believes that a commitment, once made, must be honored. In the past 40 years, with rich practices in promoting sustainable development, China has honored its commitment both to its own people and to the international community. It has instituted the most stringent systems for managing farmland and water resources, and fed one fifth of the global population with less than 10% of the world’s farmland and only 28% of the world’s per capita water resources. China has carried out afforestation for decades, with coverage now reaching 620,000 square kilometers. In the past six years, we have decommissioned small coal-fire power generators with a total installed capacity of 83.83 gigawatts that are high in energy consumption and pollution, equivalent to the total power generation capacity of a medium-sized European country. We are vigorously developing clean and low-carbon energy, and China now has the world’s largest installed capacity of hydro power and wind power. Since 2005, while maintaining robust economic growth, China has cut energy consumption per unit of GDP by 21%, and emissions of major pollutants such as S02 and COD by 16% and 14% respectively. In the past 30 years and more, we have lifted over 200 million rural people out of poverty, making China the first country to meet the Millennium Development Goal of reducing the poor population by half.

　　我们也清醒地认识到，中国是世界上最大的发展中国家，正处于工业化、城镇化快速发展的进程中，发展中不平衡、不协调、不可持续的问题还很突出。中国的资源禀赋差、人均占有量低，生态环境脆弱，各地发展很不平衡，按照新的国家扶贫标准，我们还有1.28亿农村贫困人口，每年新增劳动力1000多万，发展经济和保护环境的任务都十分繁重。目前，中国正在实施经济社会发展第十二个五年规划，这个规划体现了中国政府的坚强决心，那就是：我们绝不靠牺牲生态环境和人民健康来换取经济增长，一定要走出一条生产发展、生活富裕、生态良好的文明发展道路。

At the same time, we are keenly aware that China, the largest developing country in the process of rapid industrialization and urbanization, is still facing a major problem of lack of balance, coordination and sustainability in development. China is poor in natural endowment, low in per capita share of resources, and it has a fragile eco-system and disparity in regional development. Measured by the newly-adjusted national poverty line, China still has 128 million poor people in rural areas. Each year, over 10 million people enter the labor force. China thus faces a formidable task of growing the economy and protecting the environment. We are implementing the 12th Five-Year Plan on Economic and Social Development. This plan demonstrates the strong resolve of the Chinese government: China will never seek economic growth at the expense of its environment and the health of its people. China is determined to take a path of civilized development which ensures that production increases, people’s living standards rise, and we live in a sound ecological environment.

　　我们的思路和做法：一是坚持把加快转变经济发展方式和调整结构作为推进可持续发展的战略举措。改善需求结构，扭转经济增长过多依靠投资和出口的状况，增强消费对经济增长的拉动作用。优化产业结构，提高服务业的比重和水平，促进工业化、城镇化和农业现代化协调发展。调整要素投入结构，提高人力资源、科技进步对经济增长的贡献，减少对物质资源的消耗。二是坚持把建设资源节约型、环境友好型社会作为推进可持续发展的系统工程。没有一付药可以包治百病，也没有一个单项措施可以根治资源环境问题。我们努力在工业、农业、服务业等国民经济的各个领域，在政府、企业、家庭等社会组织的各个系统，推行有利于节约资源、保护环境的生产方式、生活方式和消费模式，建设低投入、高产出，低消耗、少排放，能循环、可持续的国民经济体系。三是坚持把完善体制机制、加强能力建设作为推进可持续发展的基本保障。解决资源环境问题需要市场和政府同时发挥作用。我们注重完善能够反映市场供求状况、资源稀缺程度和环境损害成本的资源性产品价格形成机制，建立健全有利于节约资源、保护环境的财税金融体制和生态补偿机制，在全国各地区和重点企业实行节能减排目标责任制。加强可持续发展的科技创新、人才培养、法律法规建设和国际交流合作。四是坚持把消除贫困、提高人民生活质量作为推进可持续发展的根本目的。《人类环境宣言》中有一句话：世间一切事物中，人是第一宝贵的。我们不断加强以改善民生为重点的社会建设，完善就业、社保、教育、医疗、扶贫、住房等方面的政策和体制，推进基本公共服务均等化，努力使全体人民学有所教、劳有所得、病有所医、老有所养、住有所居，促进社会公平正义和社会和谐。

This is what China is doing:

First, we are pursuing the strategy of accelerating the shift of the growth model and economic structural adjustment to promote sustainable development. We are working to improve demand mix, reduce over reliance on investment and export for growth and make consumption play a bigger role in stimulating economic growth. We are working to improve the industrial structure and expand and upgrade the services sector and promote coordinated development of industrialization, urbanization and agricultural modernization. We are also working to adjust the mix of input of factors of production, increase the contribution of human resources and scientific advances to economic growth and reduce consumption of raw materials and resources.

Second, we are building a resources-conserving and environment-friendly society in a comprehensive way to promote sustainable development. Just as there is no medicine that can cure all diseases, there is no single solution to deep-seated resources and environmental issues confronting us. With this in mind, we are promoting modes of production, ways of life and consumption patterns that are conducive to conserving resources and friendly to the environment in industry, agriculture, service and other economic sectors and in the government, businesses, families and other parts of the social structure. Our goal is to build a circular and sustainable economic system with low input, high output, low consumption of energy and raw materials and reduced emission.

Third, we are working to improve governing institutions and enhance capacity building to ensure sustainable development. It takes both the market and the government to resolve resources and the environment-related issues. We are building a pricing mechanism for resource products that responds to market supply and demand, scarcity of resources and environmental costs. We are putting in place a fiscal and financial system and a compensation mechanism for eco-damage that promote resources conservation and environmental protection. A system of accountability for meeting energy conservation and emission reduction targets is being introduced in regions and key enterprises across the country. We are also strengthening scientific and technological innovation, personnel training, legislation and international exchanges and cooperation to promote sustainable development.

Fourth, we are endeavoring to eliminate poverty and improve the quality of life as the ultimate goal of sustainable development. As the Declaration on the Human Environment puts it, “Of all things in the world, people are the most precious.” We are enhancing social programs with a focus on improving life for the people. We are improving the policies and governing institutions for employment, social security, education, medical care, poverty alleviation and housing. And we are promoting equal access to basic public services so as to ensure adequate education, employment and pay, medical and old-age care and housing for all the people and thus promote social equity, justice and harmony.