邓锡军：为可持续发展迎难而上（中英对照）

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Tackling Challenges for Sustainable Development

中国驻印度大使馆临时代办邓锡军

By Deng Xijun, Chargé d’ Affairs of Chinese Embassy in India

2012年6月19日

19 June, 2012

　　联合国可持续发展大会，即“里约+20”峰会，将于2012年6月20日至22日在巴西里约热内卢举行。此次会议的两大主题为“可持续发展和消除贫困背景下的绿色经济”和“促进可持续发展的机制框架”。在这两大主题下，大会将全面评估、审议1992年环发大会以来全球可持续发展取得的进展、存在的差距，积极应对新形势下全球可持续发展面临的新问题、新挑战，并推动形成可持续发展领域新的政治承诺。

The United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development will be held on June 20 - 22, 2012, which is commonly known as Rio+20, treating “green economy within the context of sustainable development and poverty eradication” and “institutional framework for sustainable development” as its two themes. Under the two themes, Rio+20 will assess the progress and implementation gaps in meeting already agreed commitments, address new and emerging challenges, and secure renewed political commitment to sustainable development.

　　我们都认识到中国、印度及其他发展中国家在可持续发展进程中面临着发展不平衡、区域环境污染严重、荒漠化、气候变化、人口增长、贫困、对自然资源和能源不断增加等挑战。

We are aware that uneven development, severe regional environmental pollution, desertification, climate change, population growth, poverty, increased demand for natural resources and energy supply are among the challenges China, India and many other developing countries are facing for sustainable development.

　　中国致力于可持续发展，并将其作为国家战略。事实上，中国传统价值观体现了可持续发展的理念。早在两千多年前，中国伟大的哲学家孟子就提出“数罟不入洿池，鱼鳖不可胜食也；斧斤以时入山林，材木不可胜用也”的人与自然和谐相处之道。

China is committed to pursuing sustainable development as a national strategy. As a matter of fact, sustainable development is embodied in China’s traditional values. Over 2,000 years ago, the great Chinese philosophers Mencius observed that “refraining from over fishing will ensure fishing last forever” and “cutting wood according to the season ensure the health of forest” are the means to achieve harmony between man and nature.

　　中国在推进可持续发展中取得了显著成果，积累了一些经验。我们实行了最严格的耕地和水资源管理制度，用占全球不足10%的耕地和人均仅有世界水平28%的水资源，养活了占全球五分之一的人口。过去10年，我们坚持以发展为导向的农村扶贫政策，帮助约7000万人脱贫，使中国成为最早实现联合国千年发展目标中贫困人口比例减半目标的国家。中国坚持植树造林，在过去20年累计建成的人工林已达62万平方公里。我们还坚定不移地实施节能减排，加大环境污染治理力度。2005年以来，中国的单位国内生产总值能耗下降21%，二氧化硫和化学需氧量排放总量分别下降了16%和14%。我们高度重视并积极推进民生改善。

China has achieved remarkable results in promoting sustainable development process and accumulated some experience. China has instituted the most stringent systems for managing farmland and water resources, and fed one fifth of the global population with less than 10% of the world’s farmland and only 28% of the world’s per capita water resources. In the past decade, we have implemented the policy of development-oriented aid to the rural poor and lifted around 70 million people out of poverty, making China the first country to meet the Millennium Development Goal. China has carried out afforestation for two decades, with coverage now reaching 620,000 square kilometers. We are also committed to the implementation of energy conservation, and increase the efforts in pollution control. Since 2005, while maintaining a robust economic growth, China has cut energy consumption per unit of GDP by 21%, and emissions of major pollutants such as S02 and COD by 16% and 14% respectively. China also attach great importance to people’s livelihood and strive to promote the well-being of the people.

　　中国的发展离不开世界，世界的可持续发展也离不开中国。中国重视并积极推动双边和多边国际合作。我们和许多国家已就资源环境、防灾减灾等领域进行合作，与联合国机构及相关国际组织开展了大量可持续发展领域的示范项目。我们全面兑现了可持续发展领域对国际社会的相关承诺，认真履行中国已加入的各类国际条约。

China cannot develop itself in isolation from the rest of the world, and global sustainability cannot be maintained without China. China has taken the initiative to promote bilateral and multilateral cooperation. We have carried out cooperation with many countries in the fields of resources, environment, disaster prevention and mitigation, and a large number of demonstration projects on sustainable development with the United Nations agencies and other international organizations. We have fully honored our commitments in the field of sustainable development, complying with various international treaties that China has joined.

　　同时，中国遵循平等互利、注重实效、形式多样、共同发展的原则，积极向其他发展中国家和最不发达国家提供力所能及的帮助。截至2010年年底，中国已对38个最不发达国家实施了超过60%的商品零关税待遇，向发展中国家累计提供2870亿元人民币的经济援助，免除了50个重债穷国和最不发达国家近300亿元人民币债务。

Meanwhile, China is also providing any possible assistance to other developing countries and least developed countries in accordance with the principles of equality, mutual benefit, and emphasis on practical results, utilization of diversified forms, and the pursuit of common development. As of the end of 2010, China had offered zero tariff treatment to more than 60% of the products from 38 least developed countries, provided other developing countries with 287 billion yuan (USD 46 billion) of financial assistance, and written off 30 billion yuan (USD 4.76 billion) debt of 50 heavily indebted poor countries and least developed countries.

　　中国正处于工业化、城镇化快速发展进程中，我们的发展面临诸多制约。一是资源禀赋差、人均占有量低，生态环境脆弱，地区发展不平衡。二是面临加快发展与转型发展的双重压力。中国仍然是一个人口多、底子薄、生产力水平不高的发展中国家。按照新的国家扶贫标准，我们还有1.28亿农村贫困人口。每年面临新增劳动力1000多万的就业压力。资源供需矛盾日益突出，主要污染物排放持续超过环境容量。我们在加快经济发展和保护环境方面任务艰巨。三是经济社会结构性问题突出。我们的产业结构不够合理，内需与外需、投资与消费结构失衡，经济增长过于依赖投资和出口拉动，国内消费需求明显不足。

China is in the process of rapid industrialization and urbanization and its development has many constrains. First, China is poor in natural endowment, low in per capita share of resources, and it has a fragile eco-system and disparity in regional development. Second, we are facing the dual pressures to accelerate development while restructuring the economy. China is still a developing country with large population, weak economic foundation and low-level productivity. Measured by the newly-adjusted national poverty line, China still has 128 million poor people in rural areas. Each year, over 10 million people enter the labor market. The conflict between our resources supply and demand is more prominent, the emissions of major pollutants continue to exceed the capacity of the environment. China thus faces a formidable task of growing the economy while protecting the environment. Third, economic and social structural problems are prominent in China. The industrial structure is not sound; the domestic and external demand as well as investment and consumption are not balanced; economic growth is too dependent on investment and exports; and domestic consumer demand is obviously insufficient.