六、核应急演习演练、培训与公众沟通
VI. Nuclear Emergency Preparedness Exercises, Drills, Training and Public Communication文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/7390.html
文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/7390.html
中国高度重视核应急演习演练，切实加强专业培训，注重公众沟通，不断提高各级核应急组织应对处置严重核事故的能力水平，普及社会公众核安全应急知识，营造促进核能发展良好环境，树立全社会对发展核能事业信心。文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/7390.html
文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/7390.html
China attaches great importance to nuclear emergency preparedness exercises, drills, training and public communication, and continuous efforts have been made to enhance the capabilities of nuclear emergency preparedness organizations at various levels to cope with nuclear accidents, popularize knowledge of nuclear safety and emergency preparedness, create an environment conducive to facilitating nuclear energy development and build society-wide confidence in the country’s nuclear energy sector.文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/7390.html
文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/7390.html
组织实施核应急演习。发布《核电厂核事故应急管理条例》《突发事件应急预案管理办法》《突发事件应急演练指南》《核应急演习管理规定》等规章，明确规定国家核应急演习方针原则、组织机构、内容形式、分类频次、保障准备、实施程序等。适应核能发展需要，定期举行全国性核应急联合演习；相关省（区、市）每2年至4年举行一次本级场内场外核应急联合演习；核设施营运单位每2年组织一次综合演习，每年组织多种专项演习，拥有3台以上运行机组的演习频度适当增加；核电站首次装投料前，所在地省级核应急管理机构组织场内场外联合演习。近年来，先后组织代号为“神盾—2009”“神盾—2015”的国家核应急联合演习，参演规模近6000人，日本、韩国、法国、巴基斯坦、国际原子能机构等派出官员、专家观摩。文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/7390.html
文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/7390.html
Organizing nuclear emergency preparedness exercises. The policies and principles, organization, formats, classifications, frequency, safeguard preparation and implementation procedures for China’s nuclear emergency preparedness have been clearly defined in such documents as Regulations on Emergency Measures for Nuclear Accidents at Nuclear Power Plants, Contingency Measures for Unexpected Events, Guideline on Emergency Exercises for Unexpected Events and Regulations on Nuclear Emergency Preparedness Exercises. To cater to the needs of nuclear energy development, national-level nuclear emergency preparedness joint exercises shall be conducted on a regular basis; provincial-level on-site and off-site joint exercises for nuclear emergency preparedness shall be conducted once every two to four years by the relevant provinces (autonomous regions or centrally administered municipalities); operators of nuclear installations shall conduct comprehensive exercises once every two years and special exercises for different purposes every year, with higher frequency for those which have three or more generating units. Prior to the initial fuel loading, an on-site and off-site joint exercise shall be organized by the provincial-level nuclear emergency management organization where the relevant nuclear power plant is located. National-level nuclear emergency joint exercises with the code names “Shendun-2009” and “Shendun-2015” have been conducted and observed by officials and experts from Japan, ROK, France, Pakistan and the IAEA, involving the participation of about 6,000 persons on the two occasions.文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/7390.html
文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/7390.html
建立三级核应急培训制度。国家核应急管理机构负责全国核应急管理人员培训，省（区、市）核应急管理机构负责本行政区域内核应急人员培训，核设施营运单位负责本单位核应急工作人员专业技术培训。福岛核事故以来，中国各级举办培训班110多期，培训近万人次。目前，中国核应急管理人员、专业技术人员均参加过不同级别、专业的培训。
Establishing a three-level nuclear emergency preparedness training system. The state nuclear emergency preparedness management organization shall be in charge of training for nation-wide nuclear emergency preparedness management personnel; nuclear emergency preparedness management organizations at the provincial (regional and municipal) level shall be in charge of training for nuclear emergency preparedness personnel within their respective jurisdictions; operators of nuclear installations shall be in charge of providing professional skills training for their own staff in the field of nuclear emergency preparedness. Since the Fukushima accident, China has organized more than 110 training sessions for different levels of nuclear emergency preparedness organizations, attended by a total of 10,000 people. China’s nuclear emergency preparedness management personnel and technical professionals have all attended nuclear emergency preparedness trainings of different levels and disciplines.
加强核应急公众沟通与信息发布。中国高度重视核应急公众沟通和信息发布，制定相关规定，明确公开透明、客观真实、权威可信、科学通俗的工作原则。各级核应急组织建立专门的核应急宣传队伍，适时向全社会宣传国家核能政策、核安全政策、核应急政策，增加核能发展透明度，确保公众享有核安全监督权、核应急准备与响应知情权。2013年以来，以“共筑核应急核安全防线、共促核能事业科学发展”为主题，多次组织全国范围核应急宣传活动，国内外受众面达到10亿人次。2015年1月，利用中国核工业创建60周年契机，开展一系列面向国内外的宣传活动。2015年12月，组织媒体走进中国核电企业，开展“助推核能发展、助力‘一带一路’”采访活动，向国内外集中展示中国核电技术先进性、核电安全可靠性、核电管理规范性、核应急准备充分性，产生了积极社会反响。各涉核企业、大专院校和有关团体还以各种形式开展涉核科普宣传活动，努力营造安全高效发展核能的良好氛围。
Reinforcing public communication and information disclosure about nuclear emergency preparedness. China attaches great importance to public communication and information disclosure regarding nuclear emergency preparedness by developing relevant regulations on the principles of transparency, objectivity, trustworthiness and scientific accuracy. Each level of nuclear emergency preparedness organization has established a special nuclear emergency preparedness publicity team to publicize national policies on nuclear energy, nuclear safety and nuclear emergency preparedness to the public and to enhance transparency of nuclear energy development to ensure the public’s right to supervise nuclear safety and access to information on nuclear emergency preparedness and response. Since 2013, a number of nationwide nuclear emergency preparedness publicity activities with the theme “Joining Efforts to Establish Defense on Nuclear Emergency and for Nuclear Safety, and to Foster the Scientific Development of Nuclear Energy Sector” have been held, arousing extensive attention both at home and abroad. In January 2015, publicity activities targeting domestic and foreign audiences were successively conducted by nuclear-related organizations to mark the 60th anniversary of the launch of China’s nuclear industry. In December 2015, the domestic and foreign media were invited to visit Chinese nuclear power enterprises for the well-received campaign “Boosting Nuclear Energy Development for the One Belt and One Road Initiative,” showcasing to Chinese audience the advanced nature of China’s nuclear power technology, the safety and reliability of nuclear power, standardization of nuclear power management and adequacy of nuclear emergency preparedness, producing positive social repercussions. Nuclear-related enterprises, universities and colleges, and relevant organizations have conducted a variety of publicity activities in relation to the popularization of nuclear-related scientific knowledge in a bid to foster an atmosphere conducive to the safe and efficient development of nuclear energy.
香港特别行政区、澳门特别行政区毗邻广东省，特区公众和舆论关注内地核能发展。1992年以来，粤港双方针对广东大亚湾和岭澳核电站核应急事宜达成多项共识。国家核应急管理机构多次与广东省、香港特别行政区政府组织宣介会，不断充实粤港核应急合作机制内容，完善粤港核应急交流平台，及时回应公众关切，消除疑虑。中央政府有关部门还有针对性地与港澳地区相关部门联合开展各领域专业培训，提高当地人员专业水平，为保持香港、澳门繁荣稳定作出积极贡献。
As the Hong Kong and Macao special administrative regions (SAR) are adjacent to Guangdong Province, the public in Hong Kong and Macao pay close attention to the nuclear energy development in China’s mainland. Since 1992, Guangdong Province and the Hong Kong SAR have reached consensus on a number of issues in relation to nuclear emergency preparedness associated with the Daya Bay and Ling Ao nuclear power plants in Guangdong. The state nuclear emergency management organ has, on more than one occasion, organized promotional activities in conjunction with Guangdong Province and the Hong Kong SAR to further enrich the contents of their collaborative mechanism on nuclear emergency preparedness, refine the communication platform for nuclear emergency preparedness between Guangdong and Hong Kong, and respond to public concerns in a timely manner to allay any misgivings. The relevant departments of the central government have held special training sessions focusing on various disciplines in conjunction with the departments concerned of Hong Kong and Macao SAR governments with a view to raising the professional level of the local public, therefore contributing positively to maintaining the prosperity and stability of both Hong Kong and Macao.
核能安全利用是关系台湾海峡两岸人民生命财产安全的大事，两岸双方对此高度重视。2011年10月，海协会与台湾海基会签署《海峡两岸核电安全合作协议》。在该协议框架下，两岸建立核应急事务联系机制，在核电安全法规与标准、核电厂事故紧急通报、核电厂环境辐射监测、核电厂事故紧急应变及准备等领域不断拓展交流与合作，取得积极成效。
As the safe use of nuclear energy is a major issue bearing on the safety of both life and property of people across the Taiwan Straits, both sides of the Straits lay great store by it. In October 2011, the Association for Relations across the Taiwan Straits and Straits Exchange Foundation signed the Cross-straits Nuclear Power Safety Cooperation Agreement. Under the framework of this agreement, a communication mechanism has been put in place between the two sides across the Straits on nuclear emergency matters, and positive achievements have reaped in expanded exchange and cooperation in such areas as regulations and standards concerning nuclear power safety, emergency reporting on nuclear power plant accidents, environmental radiation monitoring for nuclear power plants, and emergency response and preparations for nuclear power plant accidents.
