五、贯彻新发展理念，建设现代化经济体系
V. Applying a New Vision of Development and Developing a Modernized Economy文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/3958.html
文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/3958.html
实现“两个一百年”奋斗目标、实现中华民族伟大复兴的中国梦，不断提高人民生活水平，必须坚定不移把发展作为党执政兴国的第一要务，坚持解放和发展社会生产力，坚持社会主义市场经济改革方向，推动经济持续健康发展。文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/3958.html
文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/3958.html
To deliver on the two centenary goals, realize the Chinese Dream of national rejuvenation, and steadily improve our people’s lives, we must continue to pursue development as the Party’s top priority in governance; we must unleash and develop productive forces, continue reforms to develop the socialist market economy, and promote sustained and sound economic growth.文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/3958.html
文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/3958.html
我国经济已由高速增长阶段转向高质量发展阶段，正处在转变发展方式、优化经济结构、转换增长动力的攻关期，建设现代化经济体系是跨越关口的迫切要求和我国发展的战略目标。必须坚持质量第一、效益优先，以供给侧结构性改革为主线，推动经济发展质量变革、效率变革、动力变革，提高全要素生产率，着力加快建设实体经济、科技创新、现代金融、人力资源协同发展的产业体系，着力构建市场机制有效、微观主体有活力、宏观调控有度的经济体制，不断增强我国经济创新力和竞争力。文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/3958.html
文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/3958.html
China’s economy has been transitioning from a phase of rapid growth to a stage of high-quality development. This is a pivotal stage for transforming our growth model, improving our economic structure, and fostering new drivers of growth. It is imperative that we develop a modernized economy. This is both an urgent requirement for getting us smoothly through this critical transition and a strategic goal for China’s development. We must put quality first and give priority to performance. We should pursue supply-side structural reform as our main task, and work hard for better quality, higher efficiency, and more robust drivers of economic growth through reform. We need to raise total factor productivity and accelerate the building of an industrial system that promotes coordinated development of the real economy with technological innovation, modern finance, and human resources. We should endeavor to develop an economy with more effective market mechanisms, dynamic micro-entities, and sound macro-regulation. This will steadily strengthen the innovation capacity and competitiveness of China’s economy.文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/3958.html
文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/3958.html
（一）深化供给侧结构性改革。建设现代化经济体系，必须把发展经济的着力点放在实体经济上，把提高供给体系质量作为主攻方向，显著增强我国经济质量优势。加快建设制造强国，加快发展先进制造业，推动互联网、大数据、人工智能和实体经济深度融合，在中高端消费、创新引领、绿色低碳、共享经济、现代供应链、人力资本服务等领域培育新增长点、形成新动能。支持传统产业优化升级，加快发展现代服务业，瞄准国际标准提高水平。促进我国产业迈向全球价值链中高端，培育若干世界级先进制造业集群。加强水利、铁路、公路、水运、航空、管道、电网、信息、物流等基础设施网络建设。坚持去产能、去库存、去杠杆、降成本、补短板，优化存量资源配置，扩大优质增量供给，实现供需动态平衡。激发和保护企业家精神，鼓励更多社会主体投身创新创业。建设知识型、技能型、创新型劳动者大军，弘扬劳模精神和工匠精神，营造劳动光荣的社会风尚和精益求精的敬业风气。
1. Furthering supply-side structural reform
In developing a modernized economy, we must focus on the real economy, give priority to improving the quality of the supply system, and enhance our economy’s strength in terms of quality.
We will work faster to build China into a manufacturer of quality and develop advanced manufacturing, promote further integration of the internet, big data, and artificial intelligence with the real economy, and foster new growth areas and drivers of growth in medium-high end consumption, innovation-driven development, the green and low-carbon economy, the sharing economy, modern supply chains, and human capital services. We will support traditional industries in upgrading themselves and accelerate development of modern service industries to elevate them to international standards. We will move Chinese industries up to the medium-high end of the global value chain, and foster a number of world-class advanced manufacturing clusters.
We will strengthen infrastructure networks for water conservancy, railways, highways, waterways, aviation, pipelines, power grids, information, and logistics. We will continue efforts to cut overcapacity, reduce excess inventory, deleverage, lower costs, and strengthen areas of weakness, and work to achieve a dynamic balance between supply and demand by improving the allocation of available resources and increasing high-quality supply.
We will inspire and protect entrepreneurship, and encourage more entities to make innovations and start businesses. We will build an educated, skilled, and innovative workforce, foster respect for model workers, promote quality workmanship, and see that taking pride in labor becomes a social norm and seeking excellence is valued as a good work ethic.
（二）加快建设创新型国家。创新是引领发展的第一动力，是建设现代化经济体系的战略支撑。要瞄准世界科技前沿，强化基础研究，实现前瞻性基础研究、引领性原创成果重大突破。加强应用基础研究，拓展实施国家重大科技项目，突出关键共性技术、前沿引领技术、现代工程技术、颠覆性技术创新，为建设科技强国、质量强国、航天强国、网络强国、交通强国、数字中国、智慧社会提供有力支撑。加强国家创新体系建设，强化战略科技力量。深化科技体制改革，建立以企业为主体、市场为导向、产学研深度融合的技术创新体系，加强对中小企业创新的支持，促进科技成果转化。倡导创新文化，强化知识产权创造、保护、运用。培养造就一大批具有国际水平的战略科技人才、科技领军人才、青年科技人才和高水平创新团队。
2. Making China a country of innovators
Innovation is the primary driving force behind development; it is the strategic underpinning for building a modernized economy.
We should aim for the frontiers of science and technology, strengthen basic research, and make major breakthroughs in pioneering basic research and groundbreaking and original innovations. We will strengthen basic research in applied sciences, launch major national science and technology projects, and prioritize innovation in key generic technologies, cutting-edge frontier technologies, modern engineering technologies, and disruptive technologies. These efforts will provide powerful support for building China’s strength in science and technology, product quality, aerospace, cyberspace, and transportation; and for building a digital China and a smart society.
We will improve our national innovation system and boost our strategic scientific and technological strength. We will further reform the management system for science and technology, and develop a market-oriented system for technological innovation in which enterprises are the main players and synergy is created through the joint efforts of enterprises, universities, and research institutes. We will support innovation by small and medium-sized enterprises and encourage the application of advances in science and technology.
We will foster a culture of innovation, and strengthen the creation, protection, and application of intellectual property. We should cultivate a large number of world-class scientists and technologists in strategically important fields, scientific and technological leaders, and young scientists and engineers, as well as high-performing innovation teams.
（三）实施乡村振兴战略。农业农村农民问题是关系国计民生的根本性问题，必须始终把解决好“三农”问题作为全党工作重中之重。要坚持农业农村优先发展，按照产业兴旺、生态宜居、乡风文明、治理有效、生活富裕的总要求，建立健全城乡融合发展体制机制和政策体系，加快推进农业农村现代化。巩固和完善农村基本经营制度，深化农村土地制度改革，完善承包地“三权”分置制度。保持土地承包关系稳定并长久不变，第二轮土地承包到期后再延长三十年。深化农村集体产权制度改革，保障农民财产权益，壮大集体经济。确保国家粮食安全，把中国人的饭碗牢牢端在自己手中。构建现代农业产业体系、生产体系、经营体系，完善农业支持保护制度，发展多种形式适度规模经营，培育新型农业经营主体，健全农业社会化服务体系，实现小农户和现代农业发展有机衔接。促进农村一二三产业融合发展，支持和鼓励农民就业创业，拓宽增收渠道。加强农村基层基础工作，健全自治、法治、德治相结合的乡村治理体系。培养造就一支懂农业、爱农村、爱农民的“三农”工作队伍。
3. Pursuing a rural vitalization strategy
Issues relating to agriculture, rural areas, and rural people are fundamental to China as they directly concern our country’s stability and our people’s wellbeing. Addressing these issues should have a central place on the work agenda of the Party, and we must prioritize the development of agriculture and rural areas. To build rural areas with thriving businesses, pleasant living environments, social etiquette and civility, effective governance, and prosperity, we need to put in place sound systems, mechanisms, and policies for promoting integrated urban-rural development, and speed up the modernization of agriculture and rural areas.
We will consolidate and improve the basic rural operation system, advance reform of the rural land system, and improve the system for separating the ownership rights, contract rights, and management rights for contracted rural land. Rural land contracting practices will remain stable and unchanged on a long-term basis; the current round of contracts will be extended for another 30 years upon expiration. We will press ahead with reform of the rural collective property rights system, safeguard the property rights and interests of rural people, and strengthen the collective economy.
We must ensure China’s food security so that we always have control over our own food supply. We will establish industrial, production, and business operation systems for modern agriculture, and improve the systems for supporting and protecting agriculture. We will develop appropriately scaled agricultural operations of various forms, cultivate new types of agribusiness, improve specialized agricultural services, and encourage small household farmers to become involved in modern agriculture.
We will promote the integrated development of the primary, secondary, and tertiary industries in rural areas, support and encourage employment and business startups there, and open up more channels to increase rural incomes. We will strengthen basic services in rural communities, and improve the rural governance model which combines self-governance, rule of law, and rule of virtue. We will train professional rural service personnel who have a good knowledge of agriculture, love our rural areas, and care about rural people.
（四）实施区域协调发展战略。加大力度支持革命老区、民族地区、边疆地区、贫困地区加快发展，强化举措推进西部大开发形成新格局，深化改革加快东北等老工业基地振兴，发挥优势推动中部地区崛起，创新引领率先实现东部地区优化发展，建立更加有效的区域协调发展新机制。以城市群为主体构建大中小城市和小城镇协调发展的城镇格局，加快农业转移人口市民化。以疏解北京非首都功能为“牛鼻子”推动京津冀协同发展，高起点规划、高标准建设雄安新区。以共抓大保护、不搞大开发为导向推动长江经济带发展。支持资源型地区经济转型发展。加快边疆发展，确保边疆巩固、边境安全。坚持陆海统筹，加快建设海洋强国。
4. Implementing the coordinated regional development strategy
We will devote more energy to speeding up the development of old revolutionary base areas, areas with large ethnic minority populations, border areas, and poor areas. We will strengthen measures to reach a new stage in the large-scale development of the western region; deepen reform to accelerate the revitalization of old industrial bases in the northeast and other parts of the country; help the central region rise by tapping into local strengths; and support the eastern region in taking the lead in pursuing optimal development through innovation. To this end, we need to put in place new, effective mechanisms to ensure coordinated development of different regions.
We will create networks of cities and towns based on city clusters, enabling the coordinated development of cities of different sizes and small towns, and speed up work on granting permanent urban residency to people who move from rural to urban areas. We will relieve Beijing of functions nonessential to its role as the capital and use this effort to drive the coordinated development of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region; and we will develop forward-looking plans and adopt high standards for building the Xiongan New Area. We will facilitate the development of the Yangtze Economic Belt by promoting well-coordinated environmental conservation and avoiding excessive development. Support will be given to resource-depleted areas in their economic transformation. We will accelerate development in the border areas, and ensure their stability and security. We will pursue coordinated land and marine development, and step up efforts to build China into a strong maritime country.
（五）加快完善社会主义市场经济体制。经济体制改革必须以完善产权制度和要素市场化配置为重点，实现产权有效激励、要素自由流动、价格反应灵活、竞争公平有序、企业优胜劣汰。要完善各类国有资产管理体制，改革国有资本授权经营体制，加快国有经济布局优化、结构调整、战略性重组，促进国有资产保值增值，推动国有资本做强做优做大，有效防止国有资产流失。深化国有企业改革，发展混合所有制经济，培育具有全球竞争力的世界一流企业。全面实施市场准入负面清单制度，清理废除妨碍统一市场和公平竞争的各种规定和做法，支持民营企业发展，激发各类市场主体活力。深化商事制度改革，打破行政性垄断，防止市场垄断，加快要素价格市场化改革，放宽服务业准入限制，完善市场监管体制。创新和完善宏观调控，发挥国家发展规划的战略导向作用，健全财政、货币、产业、区域等经济政策协调机制。完善促进消费的体制机制，增强消费对经济发展的基础性作用。深化投融资体制改革，发挥投资对优化供给结构的关键性作用。加快建立现代财政制度，建立权责清晰、财力协调、区域均衡的中央和地方财政关系。建立全面规范透明、标准科学、约束有力的预算制度，全面实施绩效管理。深化税收制度改革，健全地方税体系。深化金融体制改革，增强金融服务实体经济能力，提高直接融资比重，促进多层次资本市场健康发展。健全货币政策和宏观审慎政策双支柱调控框架，深化利率和汇率市场化改革。健全金融监管体系，守住不发生系统性金融风险的底线。
5. Accelerating efforts to improve the socialist market economy
In our economic reforms, we must concentrate on improving the property rights system and ensuring the market-based allocation of factors of production, so that property rights act as effective incentives. We should ensure free flows of factors, flexible prices, fair and orderly competition, and that business survival is determined by competition.
We will improve the systems for managing different types of state assets, and reform the system of authorized operation of state capital. In the state-owned sector, we will step up improved distribution, structural adjustment, and strategic reorganization. We will work to see that state assets maintain and increase their value; we will support state capital in becoming stronger, doing better, and growing bigger, and take effective measures to prevent the loss of state assets. We will further reform of state-owned enterprises, develop mixed-ownership economic entities, and turn Chinese enterprises into world-class, globally competitive firms. We will introduce a negative list for market access nationwide, sort through and do away with regulations and practices that impede the development of a unified market and fair competition, support the growth of private businesses, and stimulate the vitality of various market entities.
We will deepen reforms in the business sector, break administrative monopolies, preclude the forming of market monopolies, speed up the reform of market-based pricing of factors of production, relax control over market access in the service sector, and improve market oversight mechanisms. We will develop new methods to improve macro-regulation, give full play to the strategic guidance of national development plans, and improve mechanisms for coordinating fiscal, monetary, industrial, regional, and other economic policies.
We will improve systems and mechanisms for stimulating consumer spending, and leverage the fundamental role of consumption in promoting economic growth. We will deepen reform of the investment and financing systems, and enable investment to play a crucial role in improving the supply structure.
We will expedite the creation of a modern public finance system, and establish a fiscal relationship between the central and local governments built upon clearly defined powers and responsibilities, appropriate financial resource allocation, and greater balance between regions.
We will put in place a comprehensive, procedure-based, transparent budget system that uses well-conceived standards and imposes effective constraints; and we will implement performance-based management nationwide.
We will deepen reform of the taxation system, and improve the local tax system. We will deepen institutional reform in the financial sector, make it better serve the real economy, increase the proportion of direct financing, and promote the healthy development of a multilevel capital market.
We will improve the framework of regulation underpinned by monetary policy and macro-prudential policy, and see that interest rates and exchange rates become more market-based. We will improve the financial regulatory system to forestall systemic financial risks.
（六）推动形成全面开放新格局。开放带来进步，封闭必然落后。中国开放的大门不会关闭，只会越开越大。要以“一带一路”建设为重点，坚持引进来和走出去并重，遵循共商共建共享原则，加强创新能力开放合作，形成陆海内外联动、东西双向互济的开放格局。拓展对外贸易，培育贸易新业态新模式，推进贸易强国建设。实行高水平的贸易和投资自由化便利化政策，全面实行准入前国民待遇加负面清单管理制度，大幅度放宽市场准入，扩大服务业对外开放，保护外商投资合法权益。凡是在我国境内注册的企业，都要一视同仁、平等对待。优化区域开放布局，加大西部开放力度。赋予自由贸易试验区更大改革自主权，探索建设自由贸易港。创新对外投资方式，促进国际产能合作，形成面向全球的贸易、投融资、生产、服务网络，加快培育国际经济合作和竞争新优势。
6. Making new ground in pursuing opening-up on all fronts
Openness brings progress, while self-seclusion leaves one behind. China will not close its door to the world; we will only become more and more open.
We should pursue the Belt and Road Initiative as a priority, give equal emphasis to “bringing in” and “going global,” follow the principle of achieving shared growth through discussion and collaboration, and increase openness and cooperation in building innovation capacity. With these efforts, we hope to make new ground in opening China further through links running eastward and westward, across land and over sea.
We will expand foreign trade, develop new models and new forms of trade, and turn China into a trader of quality. We will adopt policies to promote high-standard liberalization and facilitation of trade and investment; we will implement the system of pre-establishment national treatment plus a negative list across the board, significantly ease market access, further open the service sector, and protect the legitimate rights and interests of foreign investors. All businesses registered in China will be treated equally.
We will improve the balance in opening our different regions, and open the western region wider. We will grant more powers to pilot free trade zones to conduct reform, and explore the opening of free trade ports. We will develop new ways of making outbound investments, promote international cooperation on production capacity, form globally-oriented networks of trade, investment and financing, production, and services, and build up our strengths for international economic cooperation and competition.
同志们！解放和发展社会生产力，是社会主义的本质要求。我们要激发全社会创造力和发展活力，努力实现更高质量、更有效率、更加公平、更可持续的发展！
Comrades,
Unlocking and developing the productive forces is a fundamental task of socialism. We must inspire creativity and vitality throughout society, and strive to achieve better quality, more efficient, fairer, and more sustainable development.
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