四、需要重点说明的两个问题
IV. Two points that need to be emphasized文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/2077.html
文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/2077.html
第一，关于新准则稿和1980年准则的关系。党的十一届三中全会以后，我们党总结党内政治生活正反两方面经验特别是“文化大革命”的惨痛教训，于1980年制定了《关于党内政治生活的若干准则》。这个准则，在“文化大革命”结束后的那个特殊时期，对实现政治上、思想上、组织上、作风上的拨乱反正和全党工作中心的转移，促进党内的团结统一、保证改革开放和社会主义现代化建设顺利进行，发挥了十分重要的作用。文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/2077.html
文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/2077.html
The first point concerns the relationship between the new code of political life and the one formulated in 1980. After the Third Plenary Session of the 11th Central Committee in 1978, the CPC reflected on the positive and negative experiences of political life within the Party, especially the bitter lessons of the Cultural Revolution (1966-1976). This culminated in the formulation of the Code of Conduct for Intraparty Political Life in 1980. In the special period after the end of the Cultural Revolution, this code played a significant role in setting things right politically, ideologically, organizationally, in shifting the focus of the Party, in promoting solidarity and unity within its ranks, and in ensuring the smooth progression of reform, opening up, and socialist modernization.文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/2077.html
文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/2077.html
1980年准则，既对当时党内存在的突出矛盾和问题提出了解决的办法，又对党在长期实践中取得的宝贵经验进行了归纳，是对马克思主义建党理论的丰富发展，具有开创性意义，其主要原则和规定今天依然适用。比如，关于党内政治生活的目标和基本准则，关于坚持党的政治路线和思想路线，关于坚持集体领导、反对个人专断，关于维护党的集中统一、严格遵守党的纪律，关于坚持党性，关于要讲真话、言行一致，关于发扬党内民主、正确对待不同意见，关于保障党员权利不受侵犯，关于接受党和群众的监督、不准搞特权，等等。这些都要继续坚持。文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/2077.html
文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/2077.html
The 1980 version of the code not only provided solutions to the outstanding problems that existed in the CPC at that time, but also summarized the precious experiences that our Party had gained through its long-term endeavors. In this sense, it represented a pioneering effort to enrich and develop Marxist theories on Party-building. The major principles and rules it laid out are still applicable today. For example, the objectives and basic principles of intraparty political life; upholding the political line and ideological line of the Party; upholding collective leadership and opposing arbitrary decisions by individuals; guaranteeing the centralism and unity of the Party and observing Party discipline; upholding Party spirit; speaking our minds and ensuring that our deeds are in keeping with our words; promoting intraparty democracy and properly dealing with different opinions; ensuring that the rights of Party members are not violated; subjecting officials to the supervision of the Party and the people; and allowing for no privilege. These principles and regulations should still be observed today.文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/2077.html
文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/2077.html
为什么还要制定一个新准则呢？党中央的考虑是，1980年准则虽然至今仍然具有重要指导意义，但由于这个准则针对的是当时的历史条件和主要矛盾，现在党内出现的一些突出矛盾和问题当时尚未遇到，而当时比较突出的一些矛盾和问题现在已经不突出了。党的十八大和修订通过的党章以及党的十八届三中、四中、五中全会对新形势下严肃党内政治生活有关问题作出了明确规定，但比较原则，需要具体化。改革开放以来特别是近年来制定的一系列党内法规和规范性文件，不少涉及规范党内政治生活问题，但比较分散，需要系统化。
Why formulate a new code then? In the Central Committee’s opinion, while the 1980 version has continued to act as an important guideline, the fact remains that it was very much geared towards the conditions and major problems of that particular period of time. Many of the prominent problems that currently exist within our Party were not present back then, while many problems from that time have ceased to be prominent. Clear requirements for enhancing intraparty political life under new circumstances have, in fact, already been laid out at the 18th National Congress, in the newly revised CPC Constitution, and at the third, fourth, and fifth plenary sessions of the 18th CPC Central Committee. However, these requirements are mainly just principles, and need to be listed in more detail. Meanwhile, while the topic of regulating Party life has appeared in numerous normative documents since the launch of the reform and opening up drive, especially in recent years, these stipulations are scattered over many documents, and need to be organized more systematically.
“法与时转则治，治与世宜则有功。”新形势下加强和规范党内政治生活，既要坚持过去行之有效的制度和规定，也要结合新的时代特点与时俱进，拿出新的办法和规定。我们制定和颁布新准则，不是要替代1980年准则，而是要在坚持其主要原则和规定的基础上，针对新情况新问题作出新规定。本着这一精神，在文件稿起草过程中，我们重申了1980年准则的主要原则和规定。新老准则相互联系、一脉相承，都是当前和今后一个时期党内政治生活必须遵循的。
As an old Chinese saying goes, “Order prevails when laws shift with the passage of time; success comes when rules meet the needs of their age.” To regulate and improve intraparty political life under new circumstances, we should not only uphold institutions and rules that proved to be effective in the past, but also introduce new methods and rules in line with new developments. The new code we are introducing is not intended to replace the 1980 code. Rather, its purpose is to identify new rules in accordance with new situations and problems whilst upholding the major principles and rules of the 1980 code. In keeping with this guiding principle, we have reiterated the major principles and rules of the 1980 code in the new code. Running in a continuous line, the old and new codes must be observed in intraparty political life both now and in the period ahead.
第二，关于以高级干部为重点。加强和规范党内政治生活、加强党内监督，是对全党提出的要求，也是全党的共同任务。同时，准则稿、条例稿都强调以高级干部为重点，主要考虑是加强党的建设必须抓好领导干部特别是高级干部，而抓好中央委员会、中央政治局、中央政治局常委会的组成人员是关键。把这部分人抓好了，能够在全党作出表率，很多事情就好办了。因此，加强和规范党内政治生活、加强党内监督，必须首先从这部分人抓起。
The second point that needs to be emphasized concerns officials in high positions. The task of regulating and improving intraparty political life and enhancing CPC internal oversight applies to the entire Party. It is a Party-wide requirement. However, it should be noted that both the code and the regulations lay particular emphasis on the role of high-ranking officials. Our reasoning is that in order to enhance Party-building, we must do a sound job of managing leading officials, especially those in high positions. This applies in particular to members of the Central Committee, its Political Bureau, and the Standing Committee of its Political Bureau. Things will be much easier if we can manage these people effectively and have them set an example for the entire Party. Therefore, we must prioritize the management of these people if we are to regulate and improve intraparty political life and enhance CPC internal oversight.
基于这样的考虑，我们在起草两个文件稿过程中，着重把高级干部突出出来。比如，准则稿第一部分就强调，新形势下加强和规范党内政治生活，重点是各级领导机关和领导干部，关键是高级干部特别是中央委员会、中央政治局、中央政治局常务委员会的组成人员，高级干部特别是中央领导层组成人员必须以身作则，模范遵守党章党规，严守党的政治纪律和政治规矩，坚持不忘初心、继续前进，坚持率先垂范、以上率下，为全党全社会作出示范。准则稿中需要对高级干部提出要求的也都作了强调。准则稿结尾时进一步强调，加强和规范党内政治生活，要从中央委员会、中央政治局、中央政治局常务委员会做起。高级干部要清醒认识自己岗位对党和国家的特殊重要性，职位越高越要自觉按照党提出的标准严格要求自己，越要做到党性坚强、党纪严明，做到对党始终忠诚、永不叛党。
In line with this thinking, we decided to lay emphasis on officials in high positions when we were drafting the two documents. For example, the first part of the code stresses that, to regulate and improve intraparty political life under new circumstances, emphasis should be laid on leading bodies and leading officials at all levels, the key being high-ranking officials, especially members of the Central Committee, its Political Bureau, and the Standing Committee of its Political Bureau. Officials in high positions, especially members of the central leadership, must set an example in their observation of the CPC Constitution and regulations, abide by the political discipline and political rules of the Party, and stay true to the Party’s cause and continue marching forward, thereby taking the lead in setting an example for the entire Party and society. Everything that is required of high-ranking officials has been given emphasis in the code. At the end of the code, it is further emphasized that efforts to regulate and improve intraparty political life should begin with the Central Committee, its Political Bureau, and the Standing Committee of its Political Bureau. Officials holding high positions must be soberly aware that their positions are of special importance to the Party and the country. The higher their rank, the more they must conduct themselves according to the standards imposed by the Party, and the more they must uphold Party spirit and Party discipline, ensuring that they always remain loyal to the Party and never betray it.
条例稿也对中央层面提出了专门要求。比如，专门就党的中央组织的监督单设一章，强调中央委员会成员必须严格遵守党的政治纪律和政治规矩，发现其他成员有违反党章、破坏党的纪律、危害党的团结统一的行为应当坚决抵制，并及时向党中央报告；中央政治局每年召开民主生活会，进行对照检查和党性分析，研究加强自身建设措施；中央政治局委员应当严格执行中央八项规定，自觉参加双重组织生活会，如实向党中央报告个人重要事项，带头树立良好家风，加强对亲属和身边工作人员的教育和约束；对中央政治局委员的意见，署真实姓名以书面形式或者其他形式向中央政治局常务委员会或中央纪律检查委员会常务委员会反映，等等。
The draft regulations also set forth special requirements on organizations at the central level. For example, an entire chapter is devoted to the supervision responsibilities of Party organizations at the central level. Members of the Central Committee must observe the political discipline and political rules of the Party, oppose any act that violates the CPC Constitution, undermines Party discipline, or jeopardizes the solidarity and unity of the Party, and immediately report such acts to the Central Committee. The Political Bureau of the Central Committee should hold democratic meetings every year to gauge their Party-building initiatives and Party spirit and explore ways of enhancing self-improvement. Members of the Political Bureau of the Central Committee should strictly abide by the Central Committee’s eight-point code of conduct, actively attend collective meetings of both higher-level and lower-level Party organizations, truthfully report their major personal affairs to the Central Committee, set an example in cultivating integrity in their families, and do more to guide and restrain their family members and staff members. In addition, complaints against members of the Political Bureau should be submitted to the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau or the Standing Committee of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection (CCDI) in written form, or other forms, using one’s actual name.
准则稿最后提出要制定高级干部贯彻落实本准则的实施意见，指导和督促高级干部在遵守和执行党内政治生活准则上作全党表率。这项工作正在进行。
At the end of the code, it states that guidelines should be formulated for the implementation of the code by high-ranking officials. These guidelines will urge such officials to set an example for the entire Party in observing and implementing the code of conduct for intraparty political life. These guidelines are currently being formulated.
在征求意见过程中，一些地方和单位建议，把准则稿搞成条例那样的体例。我们考虑，准则在党内法规体系中位阶比较高，仅次于党章。这次制定的准则，是一个思想性、政治性、综合性很强的文件，要总结我们党长期以来在开展党内政治生活方面形成的宝贵经验和基本规范，阐明党关于开展严肃认真的党内政治生活的原则和立场，有很多问题需要讲讲道理。做到这些，用条例那样的体例是难以容纳的。至于涉及的一些具体规定，有些党内有关法规已经明确了，有些要进一步在今后其他有关法规的制订中贯彻落实。现在的准则稿同1980年准则风格是一致的。
Back when we were soliciting opinions, some localities and organizations suggested that the code be presented in the form of a list of stipulations. In our opinion, the code ranks highly in the hierarchy of intraparty regulations, being second only to the CPC Constitution. This code is a highly insightful, political, and comprehensive document. A lot of explanation was needed to properly summarize the valuable experiences our Party had gained and the basic norms it had formulated with regard to intraparty political life, and to expound on our Party’s principles and standpoints with regard to ensuring earnest intraparty political life. Therefore, we concluded that it would be difficult to fit all this content into a list of stipulations. As for certain specific rules, some have already been clarified in other intraparty regulations, while others will need to be further specified when we formulate other regulations in the future. The style of the new code is similar to that of the 1980 version.
