二、关于文件稿起草过程
II. The process for drafting the two documents 文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/2077.html
文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/2077.html
今年3月1日，党中央发出《中共中央关于对党的十八届六中全会研究加强和规范党内政治生活问题、修订〈中国共产党党内监督条例（试行）〉征求意见的通知》。文件起草组召开第一次全体会议，文件起草工作正式启动。文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/2077.html
文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/2077.html
On March 1st this year, the CPC Central Committee issued a formal notice to solicit opinions on its proposition to study the topic of regulating and improving intraparty political life and revising the Regulations of the Communist Party of China on Internal Oversight (Trial Implementation) at the Sixth Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee. The drafting group called its first full meeting, officially commencing the drafting work.文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/2077.html
文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/2077.html
这次征求意见，从反馈的情况看，各地区各部门各方面认为，党中央决定党的十八届六中全会专题研究全面从严治党问题并制定修订相关文件，充分体现了党中央坚定不移推进全面从严治党的坚强决心和历史担当，体现了全党的共同心声，对解决党内存在的突出矛盾和问题、确保党始终成为中国特色社会主义事业的坚强领导核心具有十分重要的意义。文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/2077.html
文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/2077.html
According to the feedback we received, the relevant localities, departments, and parties were in agreement that the decision to dedicate the Sixth Plenary Session to comprehensively governing the Party with strict discipline, and formulating and revising relevant documents demonstrated the Central Committee’s strong determination to strictly govern the Party and its historical responsibility in this regard. They held that this decision reflected the common will of the Party, and that it would have extremely important implications for resolving major problems within the Party and ensuring that the Party remains the firm leading core of the cause of Chinese socialism.文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/2077.html
文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/2077.html
大家认为，新形势下开展严肃认真的党内政治生活，加强党内监督，既要继承和发扬我们党在长期实践中形成的优良传统和基本规范，又要结合新的形势和任务，在党内政治生活和党内监督的内容范畴、方向目标、原则要求、方法途径等方面与时俱进，推动党内政治生活和党内监督制度化、规范化、程序化。
There was general agreement that in order to carry out earnest political activities and strengthen CPC internal oversight, it was important not only that we carried forward the fine traditions and basic regulations our Party has fostered over many years, but also that we updated the content, scope, orientation, goals, principles, requirements, methods, and means of intraparty political life and supervision in view of new situations and tasks, so as to bring intraparty political life and supervision under prescribed institutions, standards, and procedures.
大家就新形势下加强和规范党内政治生活、加强党内监督提出了许多很好的意见和建议。文件起草组在起草过程中，充分考虑、认真吸收了大家的意见和建议。
We received a large number of constructive comments and suggestions on regulating and improving intraparty political life and enhancing CPC internal oversight under new circumstances, many of which were adopted by the drafting group after careful review.
在8个月时间里，文件起草组开展专题调研，广泛征求意见和建议，反复讨论修改。其间，中央政治局常委会召开3次会议、中央政治局召开2次会议分别审议文件稿。8月初，文件征求意见稿下发党内一定范围征求意见，包括征求党内部分老同志意见，还专门听取了民主党派中央、全国工商联负责人和无党派人士意见。
Over the past eight months, the drafting group has carried out dedicated surveys and research, solicited a broad range of comments and suggestions, and discussed revisions to the draft documents. During this time the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau convened three times and the Political Bureau met twice to discuss the draft documents. In early August, the drafts were made available to a selected number of Party members, including retired senior officials, for their comments; and a meeting was held to hear comments from leaders of other political parties, the heads of the All-China Federation of Industry and Commerce, and also prominent citizens without party affiliation.
从反馈的情况看，各地区各部门各方面对准则稿和条例稿给予充分肯定，认为两个文件稿全面贯彻党的十八大和十八届三中、四中、五中全会精神，以党章为根本遵循，深刻总结党的建设历史经验，直面当前党内政治生活存在的突出矛盾和问题，围绕严肃党内政治生活提出明确要求，围绕加强党内监督作出具体规定，为新形势下加强和规范党内政治生活、加强党内监督提供了根本遵循。
The feedback we received demonstrated the full endorsement of the various localities, departments, and parties who were asked to comment. In their opinion, the two documents fully embody the guiding principles of the 18th National Congress and the third, fourth, and fifth plenary sessions of the 18th Central Committee; adhere to the basic principles of the CPC Constitution; reflect profoundly on past experiences in Party-building; confront outstanding problems in intraparty political life at present; set forth explicit requirements for tightening intraparty political life; and identify specific regulations for enhancing CPC internal oversight, thus setting forth the fundamental principles for our efforts to regulate and improve intraparty political life and enhance CPC internal oversight under new circumstances.
大家认为，两个文件稿最鲜明的特点就是继承和创新的有机统一，既深入总结了我们党在加强自身建设方面的经验和教训，继承和发扬了我们党在长期实践中形成的制度规定和优良传统，又全面总结了党的十八大以来党中央推进全面从严治党的生动实践，对全面从严治党的理论和实践创新成果进行了集纳，并深入分析新形势下党的建设面临的新情况新问题，针对当前党内政治生活和党内监督存在的薄弱环节提出了明确措施，形成了新的制度安排，顺应了新形势新任务对严肃党内政治生活、加强党内监督的要求。
The general view was that the two documents stood out for their close integration of tradition and innovation. On the one hand, the documents take stock of our past experiences and lessons in Party-building, and carry forward the systems, rules, and fine traditions our Party has fostered over a long period of time. On the other hand, the documents summarize the Central Committee’s initiatives to strictly govern the Party since the 18th National Congress; integrate theoretical and practical innovations in Party governance, and analyze new situations and problems confronting our Party-building initiatives. On this basis, they define specific measures to address existing weak links in intraparty political life and internal oversight, and put in place new institutional arrangements to reflect the demands of new situations and tasks on intraparty political life and internal oversight.
大家一致认为，坚持党中央集中统一领导，确立和维护党的领导核心，是全党全国各族人民的共同愿望，是推进全面从严治党、提高党的创造力凝聚力战斗力的迫切要求，是保持党和国家事业发展正确方向的根本保证。
There was unanimous agreement that upholding the centralized and unified leadership of the CPC Central Committee, and establishing and preserving the Party’s leading core represent the common will of the entire Party and Chinese people, an urgent requirement for strictly governing the Party and for enhancing its creativity, cohesiveness, and capability, and also a fundamental guarantee to ensure that the causes of the Party and country stay on the right path.
大家还认为，党中央就两个文件稿在党内一定范围征求意见，是充分发扬党内民主、集中全党智慧的体现，是我们党解放思想、实事求是优良作风的体现。文件稿主题鲜明、思路清晰，内容丰富、重点突出，措施有力、务实管用，思想性、指导性、操作性都很强。文件稿经全会审议通过后，对加强和规范党内政治生活、加强党内监督、全面提高党的建设科学化水平，对更好进行具有许多新的历史特点的伟大斗争，实现“两个一百年”奋斗目标、实现中华民族伟大复兴的中国梦，具有重大现实意义和深远历史意义。
There was also agreement that in making the two draft documents available to a selected number of Party members for their comments, the CPC Central Committee had upheld the principle of intraparty democracy, drawn on the wisdom of the entire Party, and carried forward our Party’s fine tradition of freeing the mind and seeking truth from facts. The two documents stand out for their distinct themes, methodical thinking, rich content, clear priorities, and effective and practical measures, which make them highly insightful, influential, and operable. After being examined and approved by this plenary session, the documents will have a major bearing, both short and long term, on our efforts to regulate and improve intraparty political life, enhance CPC internal oversight, and make Party-building more scientific in all respects; on our great struggle with many new historical features; and on our push to realize the “Two Centenary Goals” and the Chinese dream of national rejuvenation.
在这次征求意见过程中，各地区各部门各方面对两个文件稿提出了许多好的意见和建议，据统计共提出1955条修改意见，扣除重复意见后为1582条，其中原则性意见354条、具体意见1228条。党中央责成文件起草组认真梳理和研究这些意见和建议。文件起草组对两个文件稿作出重要修改。
Many constructive comments and suggestions came from various localities, departments, and parties. A total of 1,955 revisions were suggested. After subtracting similar suggestions, a total of 1,582 suggestions remained, of which 354 concerned matters of principle and 1,228 concerned practical issues. These comments and suggestions were reviewed and studied by the drafting group at the request of the Central Committee. On this basis, the drafting group made important revisions to the drafts of the two documents.
三、关于文件稿起草的原则和基本框架
III. Principles for drafting the documents and the basic framework of the documents
在文件稿起草过程中，文件起草组着力把握以下原则。
The drafting group implemented the following principles during its drafting of the two documents.
一是继承和发扬党的优良传统和宝贵经验，着力贯彻党的十八大以来党中央提出的新理念新思想新战略，反映党中央推进全面从严治党的新经验新举措，并结合新的实践提出新观点新举措，体现时代性、创新性。突出全面从严治党这个主题，增强党自我净化、自我完善、自我革新、自我提高能力，明确新形势下加强和规范党内政治生活、加强党内监督的方向、目标、原则、任务、举措，以严的要求、严的标准、严的措施推动全党增强从严治党意识、落实管党治党责任。
First, it set out to integrate new concepts, ideas, and strategies introduced by the CPC Central Committee since the 18th National Congress whilst carrying forward the fine traditions and valuable experiences of the Party. The drafting group worked to reflect the new experiences that the Central Committee has gained in its efforts to comprehensively govern the Party with strict discipline, whilst offering new ideas and measures in line with new initiatives, so as to ensure that the documents displayed both innovativeness and contemporary relevance. Laying emphasis on the theme of strictly governing the Party, it worked to strengthen the Party’s capacity to remain pure and to improve, renew, and surpass itself; clarify the orientation, goals, principles, tasks, and measures for regulating and improving intraparty political life and enhancing CPC internal oversight; and impose strict requirements, standards, and measures to raise the entire Party’s self-governance awareness and ensure that responsibilities are fulfilled.
二是坚持以党章为根本依据，突出尊崇党章、贯彻党章、维护党章，着力把党章关于党内政治生活和党内监督的要求具体化，把改革开放以来特别是近年来党中央出台的重要文件和党内法规中关于党内政治生活、党内监督的有关规定和要求系统化，推动党内政治生活和党内监督制度化、规范化、程序化。
Second, it upheld the CPC Constitution as the fundamental guideline. On the basis of upholding, implementing, and safeguarding the Constitution, the drafting group tried to spell out in detail requirements on intraparty political life and CPC internal oversight provided in the Constitution. It systematically organized rules and requirements on intraparty political life and internal oversight found in important documents and regulations formulated by the Central Committee since the launch of the reform and opening up drive, particularly in recent years, in a bid to bring intraparty political life and internal oversight under prescribed institutions, standards, and procedures.
三是坚持问题导向，聚焦党内政治生活和党内监督存在的薄弱环节，着力围绕理论、思想、制度构建体系，围绕权力、责任、担当设计制度，推动解决党内政治生活庸俗化、随意化、平淡化和党内监督制度不健全、覆盖不到位、责任不明晰、执行不力等问题。
Third, it pursued a problem-oriented approach. By taking aim at weak links in intraparty political life and internal oversight, the drafting group sought to establish frameworks on the basis of theories, ideas, and institutions, and design institutions on the basis of powers, obligations, and the assumption of duties, with a view to addressing vulgarization, randomness, and wish-washy practices in intraparty political life, as well as the problems of inadequate institutions and coverage, unclear responsibilities, and lackluster implementation in CPC internal oversight.
四是坚持统筹协调，加强顶层设计和系统谋划，着力处理好新准则、新条例和老准则、老条例以及其他党内法规的关系，做到既一脉相承又与时俱进。坚持必要性和可行性相统一，既从政治上对加强和规范党内政治生活、加强党内监督提出原则性要求，又针对问题提出切实可行的措施和办法，不搞面面俱到。
Fourth, it upheld the principle of overall coordination. By enhancing top-level design and systematic planning, the drafting group sought to balance the new code and regulations with the old code and regulations as well as other internal regulations of the Party, so that the new documents not only ran in continuity with past ones but also evolved as the times required. By integrating essential principles with practical measures, it not only introduced principled, political requirements on regulating and improving intraparty political life and enhancing CPC internal oversight, but also put forward practicable measures and methods targeted at specific problems, rather than simply trying to cover everything.
准则稿分三大板块、12个部分：第一板块是序言，属于总论，阐述党内政治生活的重大作用和历史经验、存在的突出问题、面临的形势任务以及新形势下加强和规范党内政治生活的重要性紧迫性，提出加强和规范党内政治生活的目标要求。
The Code of Conduct for Intraparty Political Life Under New Circumstances consists of 3 sections and 12 parts. The first section is an introduction, which provides a general overview of the code. It introduces the major role and key experiences of political life within the CPC, and describes the problems that currently exist, the situations and tasks we face, and the importance and urgency of regulating and improving intraparty political life under new conditions. It also sets forth targets and requirements for regulating and improving intraparty political life.
第二板块是分论，是主体部分，围绕坚定理想信念、坚持党的基本路线、坚决维护党中央权威、严明党的政治纪律、保持党同人民群众的血肉联系、坚持民主集中制原则、发扬党内民主和保障党员权利、坚持正确选人用人导向、严格党的组织生活制度、开展批评和自我批评、加强对权力运行的制约和监督、保持清正廉洁的政治本色12个方面分别提出明确要求、作出具体规定。
The second section deals with specific issues, and constitutes the main part of the code. This section identifies specific requirements and rules with regard to 12 aspects: reinforcing ideals and beliefs; upholding the basic line of the Party; safeguarding the authority of the Central Committee; enforcing the political discipline of the Party; preserving the close ties between the Party and the people; upholding the principle of democratic centralism; promoting intraparty democracy and guaranteeing the rights of Party members; adhering to sound criteria for selecting and appointing personnel; improving institutions for collective activities within the Party; conducting criticism and self-criticism; intensifying constraints and supervision over the use of power; and preserving political integrity.
第三板块是结束语，主要讲加强组织领导和督促检查、高级干部带头示范，确保各项任务落到实处。
The third section, the concluding remarks, talks mainly about enhancing leadership and supervision, calling on high-ranking officials to act as example-setters, and ensure the full implementation of all relevant initiatives.
条例稿共8章、47条，也分三大板块：第一章是总则，构成第一板块，列了9条，主要明确立规目的和依据，阐述党内监督指导思想、基本原则、监督内容、监督对象、监督方式以及强化自我监督、构建党内监督体系等重要问题。
In total, the Regulations of the Communist Party of China on Internal Oversight consist of 47 articles over 8 chapters, which are also divided into 3 main sections. The first chapter is the general principles, which constitute the first section and consist of nine articles. These articles mainly clarify the objectives and basis of the regulations, and expound on important issues such as the guiding thoughts, basic principles, content, objects, and means of CPC internal oversight, as well as the strengthening of self-supervision and the establishment of a CPC internal oversight framework.
第二章至第五章构成第二板块，是条例的主体部分，列了27条，分别就党的中央组织、党委（党组）、党的纪律检查委员会、基层党组织和党员这四类监督主体的监督职责以及相应监督制度作出规定。其中，将党的中央组织的监督单设一章，是对现行条例的突破，体现党中央以身作则、以上率下。
The second to fifth chapters make up the second section. This is the main body of the regulations, and consists of 27 articles. These four chapters respectively identify the supervision responsibilities of four major actors – organizations at the central level, Party committees or Party leadership groups, Party commissions for discipline inspection, and Party organizations and Party members at the community level – and define the systems for supervision that correspond to each. An entire chapter is dedicated to the supervision functions of Party organizations at the central level. This represents a breakthrough compared to existing regulations, and demonstrates the role played by the CPC Central Committee in leading by example.
第六章至第八章构成第三板块，列了11条，分别就党内监督和外部监督相结合、整改和保障、附则等作出规定。条例没有对中央部委和地方党委制定实施细则作出授权规定，体现全党必须一体执行，防止搞变通、打折扣。
The sixth to eighth chapters constitute the third section and consist of 11 articles, which include the integration of CPC internal oversight and external oversight, remedies and safeguards, and supplementary provisions. The regulations do not authorize central departments or local Party committees to formulate their own detailed implementation plans. This is to ensure that the entire Party implements the regulations in a uniform manner, and prevent any attempt to stretch or bend the regulations or implement them partially.
