刘振民在“《联合国宪章》与战后国际秩序”国际研讨会上的主旨演讲（中英对照）

维护《宪章》权威，共促合作共赢

Uphold the Authority of the UN Charter and Promote Win-Win Cooperation

——刘振民副部长在“《联合国宪章》与战后国际秩序”国际研讨会上的主旨演讲

– Keynote Address by H.E. LIU Zhenmin, Vice Minister of Foreign Affairs of the People’s Republic of China, at the International Colloquium on the Charter of the United Nations and Post-War International Order

2015年4月14日，北京钓鱼台国宾馆

Diaoyutai State Guesthouse, 14 April 2015

尊敬的各位来宾、各位同事、各位朋友，

女士们，先生们：

Distinguished Guests,

Dear Colleagues and Friends,

Ladies and Gentlemen,

首先，我谨代表中国外交部，对大家出席这次国际研讨会表示热烈欢迎！

First of all, on behalf of the Chinese Foreign Ministry, I would like to extend my warm welcome to you all for your participation in this colloquium. It is a great honor for my Ministry to co-sponsor this Colloquium. And it is also a great honor for me to share with you some of thoughts on the issue.

今年是第二次世界大战胜利和联合国成立70周年。70年前，正义的世界人民，经过艰苦卓绝的斗争，付出了巨大牺牲，粉碎了法西斯和军国主义的邪恶势力，赢得了二战的伟大胜利。联合国应运而生，翻开了人类团结和历史进步的新篇章。《联合国宪章》自诞生之日起，就承载着人类的美好愿景，至今已成功驶过70年的风雨历程，其所确立的宗旨和原则，一如高山仰止，为各国所遵行。

The year 2015 marks the 70th anniversary of the victory of World War II and the founding of the United Nations. Seventy years ago, after years of fighting in the tough battles and making huge sacrifice to crush the evil forces of fascism and militarism, the righteous people of the world won the great victory of World War II.

The UN was born, thus opening a new chapter in the history of mankind. Since then, the UN Charter, which embodies mankind’s aspirations for a better world, has endured changing international circumstances for the past 70 years, and its purposes and principles continue to command the high esteem and compliance of all countries.

在《宪章》的规范和引领下，世界保持了70年的总体和平，亚非拉人民获得独立解放，各国经济社会不断发展，一系列争端获得和平解决，国际关系民主化和法治化渐入人心。对推动人类历史进步，《宪章》功不可没。

Guided by the norms set forth in the UN Charter, the world has maintained overall peace for 70 years. People in Asia, Africa and Latin America won independence and liberation; countries around the world achieved economic and social development; peaceful settlement of disputes has been generally observed; and the rule of law in international relations have gained greater public support. The UN Charter deserves much credit for advancing such human progress. In my humble view, the UN Charter has played an irreplaceable role in international relations.

《宪章》建立了以联合国为核心的多边主义国际秩序。《宪章》首次以各国普遍接受的国际法律形式，将反对战争的胜利成果固化下来，宣示了国际社会消弭战祸、永保和平的坚定信念，明确了维护主权、捍卫和平、保障人权、谋求发展的共同目标，形成了以主权国家、联合国及其专门机构和区域组织为主要参与方的战后国际体系，也为广大亚非拉国家逐步走向国际舞台、平等参与国际事务奠定了坚实的法律基础。

First, the Charter established a multilateral international order with the UN at its core. It is for the first time in history that the international law against war was codified into a universally accepted instrument, i.e. the UN Charter. It demonstrated the firm resolve of the international community to eliminate war and preserve peace, identified the common objectives of safeguarding sovereignty, peace and human rights and seeking development, and put in place a post-war international order with sovereign states, the UN and its specialized agencies, and regional organizations as the main participants. It also provided solid legal ground for countries in Asia, Africa and Latin America to gradually enter the international arena and participate in international affairs on an equal footing.

《宪章》确立了以安理会为核心的集体安全机制。《宪章》规定了联合国会员国以及各主要机关的权利、义务与责任，特别是联合国将维护国际和平与安全的首要职责赋予安理会，使之有权促请当事国以和平方式解决争端，调查有关情势并对威胁和破坏国际和平与安全以及侵略之行为采取执行措施等，从而形成了以安理会为核心的集体安全机制，取代军事结盟、弱肉强食的丛林法则，将滥用武力关进了制度的笼子，对于实现战后70年的总体和平，对于有效管控局部冲突，均发挥了不可替代的作用。

Second, the Charter set up a collective security mechanism with the Security Council at its core. The Charter sets forth the rights, obligations and responsibilities of UN member states and its main organs. In particular, the Charter entrusts to the Security Council the primary responsibility for the maintenance of international peace and security, giving the Council the mandate to call upon countries concerned to settle disputes peacefully, investigate into relevant situations and take enforcement measures against acts of aggression or those that threaten or undermine international peace and security. This formed a collective security mechanism with the Security Council at its core, which replaced military alliances and the law of the jungle, put the arbitrary use of force under institutional check. Though the performance of the Council has not been perfect, it has played an irreplaceable role in maintaining overall peace and effectively managing regional conflicts over the past 70 years since World War II.

《宪章》形成了战后国际关系的基本行为规范。《宪章》规定的主权平等、不干涉内政、和平解决争端、不使用武力、善意履行国际义务等基本原则，为国际社会提供了衡量国家行为的准则，成为评判各国行为合法与否、正义与否的标尺。这些原则也是国家间进行交往、开展合作的规范，获得各国广泛认同和普遍遵循。《宪章》确立的国际法基本原则构成国际法的基础，在整个国际法律规范体系中处于优先适用的地位。

Third, the Charter offered a basic code of conduct for post-war international relations. The basic principles enshrined in the Charter such as sovereign equality, non-interference in internal affairs, peaceful settlement of dispute, no use of force and fulfilling international obligations in good faith have become the code of conduct for countries and the yardstick for the international community to judge whether the actions taken by a country are legal and just. These principles have also become the norms governing exchanges and cooperation between countries and are widely recognized and followed. The basic principles of international law established by the Charter constitute the foundation of international law and enjoy precedence in application in the overall system of international law and norms.

《宪章》确认了现代人类社会的共同价值理念。《宪章》开宗明义，以“我们联合国人民”的名义立约定章，确认了国家不分大小主权平等、人民平等权利和自决权，要求各国尊重、保护和促进全体人类的人权、人格尊严和基本自由，彰显了平等、自由、公平、正义的精神价值。二战结束以来，在《宪章》确立的集体和个体人权旗帜的引领下，殖民地人民纷纷赢得解放，各国人权事业阔步前进。

Fourth, the Charter reaffirmed the common values and aspirations of mankind in contemporary times. From the very beginning, the Charter made it clear in the Preamble that it was written in the name of “we the peoples of the United Nations”. It established the principles of sovereign equality of nations large and small, and the equal rights and self-determination of peoples, called on countries to respect, protect and promote the human rights, dignity and fundamental freedoms for all and encapsulated the spirit of equality, freedom, fairness and justice. Inspired by the notions of collective and individual human rights established in the Charter, people under colonial rule gained independence one after another since the end of World War II and countries around the world have made strides in advancing human rights.

女士们，先生们，

Ladies and Gentlemen,

中国是战后国际秩序和国际法治的坚定维护者。我们珍爱和平，崇尚法治，在重大国际和地区问题上秉持正义，仗义执言，坚定捍卫以《联合国宪章》为核心的国际法基本原则和国际关系基本准则。迄今，中国已缔结了23000多项双边条约。在1949年10月1日中华人民共和国成立后的22年里，新中国在联合国的合法席位曾经被剥夺。但中国政府依然高度重视履行国际义务。为了更好履行国际人道主义义务，中国毅然决然加入了“日内瓦四公约”等国际条约。自1971年第26届联大通过著名的第2758号决议恢复中华人民共和国在联合国及其所属一切机构的合法席位以来，中国加入了400多项多边条约，加入了所有联合国专门机构和绝大多数全球性政府间国际组织，按照“条约必须信守”原则，不折不扣地履行条约义务，承担国际责任。中国已经全面融入当代国际秩序。

China firmly upholds the post-war international order and international rule of law. We cherish peace and the rule of law, always uphold and speak up for justice on major regional and international issues, and resolutely safeguard the basic principles of international law with the UN Charter at its core and the basic norms governing international relations. So far, China has signed more than 23,000 bilateral treaties. In the 22 years following the founding of the People’s Republic of China on 1 October 1949, it was deprived of its lawful seat at the UN. Nevertheless, the Chinese government attached great importance to fulfilling its international obligations. To better honor international humanitarian obligations, China made the resolute decision to join international treaties such as the four Geneva Conventions. After the adoption of Resolution 2758 at the 26th General Assembly in 1971, which restored the lawful seat of the People’s Republic of China in the UN and all the related agencies or organizations, China has acceded to over 400 multilateral treaties and joined all the specialized agencies of the UN and most of the inter-governmental organizations in the world. Following the principle of “pacta sunt servanda”, China has honored its treaty obligations to the letter and shouldered its international responsibilities. It has fully integrated itself into the contemporary international order.

中国是战后国际秩序和国际法治的积极建设者。上世纪五十年代，中国和印度、缅甸共同提出和平共处五项原则，与亚非国家一道倡导“万隆会议十项原则”，均集中体现了《联合国宪章》宗旨和原则。七十年代，中国恢复联合国合法席位后提出“三个世界”的理论，与全世界人民联合起来反对霸权主义。九十年代初，中国提出了建立公正合理的国际政治经济新秩序的主张。进入新世纪后，中国主张推动建立“和谐世界”。最近，中国国家主席习近平提出了构建人类命运共同体和构建以合作共赢为核心的新型国际关系的理念，这些都是对《宪章》精神的继承与发展，为国际法治贡献了新的价值目标。

China actively contributes to the development of post-war international order and international rule of law. In the 1950s, China put forward the Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence together with India and Myanmar, and championed the “Ten Principles of Bandung” with Asian and African countries, both of which gave expression to the purposes and principles of the UN Charter. In the 1970s after the restoration of its lawful seat in the UN, China introduced the theory of “three worlds” and stood together with people from around the world to reject hegemony. In the 1990s, China called for the establishment of a fair and equitable new international political and economic order. Entering the 21st century, China advocated the building of a “harmonious world”. Recently, Chinese President Xi Jinping put forward the idea of a community of common destiny for mankind as a whole and a new type of international relations featuring win-win cooperation. All these constitute a continuation and development of the Charter spirit and give new vision to international rule of law.