张昆生在东盟地区论坛海上航道安全研讨会上的致辞（中英对照）

中文版：张昆生在东盟地区论坛海上航道安全研讨会上的致辞.doc

英文版：Remarks by Assistant Foreign Minister Zhang Kunsheng at the ARF Seminar on Sea L.doc 

外交部部长助理张昆生在东盟地区论坛海上航道安全研讨会上的致辞

Remarks by Assistant Foreign Minister Zhang Kunsheng at the ARF Seminar on Sea Lines of Communications Security

 

尊敬的中国国防大学政委刘亚洲上将，

尊敬的印尼方共同主席、印尼国防大学战略教研部主任安瓦尔海军少将，

女士们，先生们，朋友们，

 

Respected Gen. Liu Yazhou, Political Commissar of Chinese National Defence University of the People’s Liberation Army,

Respected Indonesian Co-Chair, Major General Syaiful Anwar, Dean of Department of Strategic Studies of Indonesian Defense University,

Ladies and Gentlemen,

Dear Friends,

 

很高兴出席东盟地区论坛（ARF）海上航道安全研讨会。我谨代表中国外交部对各位嘉宾的到来表示热烈欢迎，感谢共同主席国印尼对举办此次研讨会的大力协助，感谢中国国防大学所做的大量工作。

 

I am pleased to attend the ARF Seminar on Sea Lines of Communications (SLOCs) Security. On behalf of the Chinese Foreign Ministry, I wish to extend a warm welcome to all the distinguished guests present today, and express appreciation to our co-chair, Indonesia, for its strong support for this workshop. I also want to thank the Chinese National Defence University for the great deal of work it has done to put this workshop together.

 

海洋是生命的摇篮、资源的宝库，与人类生存和发展息息相关。目前，世界上一半以上的对外贸易依靠海运，一半左右的石油通过海上运输。亚太地区保持快速发展，区域经济一体化持续推进，各国对外贸易往来活跃，已成为世界经济增长的重要引擎，这从一个侧面印证地区海上航道是畅通的，安全是有保障的。

 

The sea is the cradle of life and a treasure house of resources. It is essential for the survival and development of mankind. Today, over half of global trade relies on maritime transport, and around half of the oil is shipped at sea. The Asia-Pacific region, with rapid economic growth, ever intensifying regional economic integration and robust trade, has become an important engine driving world economic development. This is proof in itself that our region’s SLOCs are smooth, and security ensured.

 

与此同时，地区海上航道安全面临的威胁趋于复杂多元。传统安全问题依然存在，地缘政治风险、海上军事活动增多等直接影响航道安全。非传统安全威胁也在上升，自然灾害、海盗、跨国有组织犯罪等问题日益突出，溢油、海难等海上突发事故频发。国际海事局数据显示，东南亚海域海盗袭击事件已占全球总数的一半以上，今年上半年6艘油轮和货船遭到劫持。此外，随着国际海运量不断增长，一些重要航道面临的通航压力呈上升之势。以马六甲海峡为例，到2020年每年通过海峡的船只将达14万艘次，这将使本已极为繁忙的海峡承受更大压力。本地区助航设施落后、信息共享滞后、应对海上突发事件能力不足的问题更加突出。

 

On the other hand, threats to regional SLOCs security have become more diversified. Traditional security issues are still there. And geopolitical threats and increased military activities at sea have exerted direct impacts on SLOCs security. Non-traditional security threats are also on the rise. Natural disasters, piracy, and transnational organized crime, among others, have become more acute. Oil spills, shipwrecks and other maritime emergencies take place from time to time. According to International Maritime Bureau (IMB) statistics, the number of pirate attacks on southeast Asian waters accounts for more than half of the world’s total, with six oil tankers or cargo ships abducted there in the first half of this year.

 

Moreover, the continued growth of international maritime transport has put increased pressure on some of the most important SLOCs. Take the Straits of Malacca as an example. It is estimated that as many as 140,000 vessels will have passed this sea lane by 2020, putting even greater strain on this extremely busy sea lane. Problems in the region like outdated navigation facilities, poor information sharing and inadequate capabilities of maritime emergency response have only become more serious.

 

女士们，先生们，朋友们，

 

Ladies and gentlemen,

Dear friends,

 

海上通道是中国对外贸易和进口能源的主要渠道，90%的贸易通过海运，全球10大集装箱港口中有6个在中国。中方高度重视维护海上航道安全，一直是国际和地区海上航道安全的积极建设者，致力于为维护海上航道安全发挥负责任大国作用，提供更多公共安全产品。

 

SLOCs provide the main channel for China’s foreign trade and energy import. Maritime transport accounts for as much as 90% of our trade, and six of the top ten container ports in the world are in China.

 

China attaches great importance to maintaining SLOCs security. It has all along worked actively for international and regional SLOCs security, and is committed to playing its role as a responsible major country in maintaining SLOCs security and to providing more public security products.

 

维护海上航道安全是地区国家的共同责任和义务，也是各方共同利益所在。中方愿同地区国家一道，不断拓展合作领域、创新合作形式，维护好航道安全，深化海上安全合作，为地区繁荣稳定提供更有力的支撑。

 

SLOCs security is the shared responsibility and obligation for countries in the region, and also converges the interests of all parties concerned. China is ready to work with other countries in the region to expand and innovate cooperation to maintain SLOCs security, deepen maritime security cooperation and provide stronger support for prosperity and stability in the region.

 

一是要深化非传统安全合作。各方应牢固树立合作安全、共同安全的理念，以打击海盗、海上恐怖主义、海空搜救等为重点，加强军队、海上执法和海事管理机构之间的信息交流与联演联训等务实合作，不断提升协作应对非传统安全威胁的水平。2008年底以来，中国共派出18批海军舰船赴亚丁湾、索马里海域执行护航任务，接受护航的船只达5600多艘，其中一半是外国船只，与各国海军的协作水平也获得极大提升。中方积极参与《亚洲地区反海盗和武装劫船合作协定》框架下的合作，通过与东盟国家等建立海事磋商机制与各方保持密切沟通协调。

 

First, non-traditional security cooperation needs to be deepened. It is important that the parties foster the vision of cooperative security and common security, and focus on fighting piracy, terrorism at sea, and maritime and aeronautical search and rescue. Efforts could be made to increase pragmatic cooperation among armed forces, maritime law enforcement and maritime management agencies such as information sharing and joint exercise and joint training to enhance collaboration in response to non-traditional security threats.

 

Since the end of 2008, China has altogether dispatched 18 groups of naval ships to the Gulf of Aden and waters off the Somali coast for escort missions. Over 5,600 ships have enjoyed their protection, and half of them are foreign ones. The Chinese navy has also greatly improved coordination with its foreign counterparts.

 

China takes an active part in cooperation within the ReCAAP framework, and maintains close coordination and consultation with ASEAN members through the establishment of maritime consultation mechanisms.

 

为深化地区搜救合作，中方推动今年东盟地区论坛外长会通过《加强海空搜救协调与合作的声明》，为建立更有效、快捷的亚太搜救合作协调模式做出有益探索。未来，中方愿扩大与地区国家双多边合作，为应对海上非传统安全威胁作出更大贡献。

 

To deepen regional search and rescue cooperation, China promoted the adoption of the Statement on Strengthening Coordination and Cooperation on Maritime and Aeronautical Search and Rescue at this year’s ASEAN Regional Forum. It marks a helpful attempt to explore more effective modalities of search and rescue cooperation and coordination in the Asia-Pacific. China will continue to expand bilateral and multilateral cooperation with other regional countries to contribute even more significantly to managing non-traditional maritime security threats.

 

二是要加强维护航道安全的能力建设。各方应继续加强双多边对话合作，举办形式多样的培训班和研讨会，加强经验交流，互学互鉴，稳步提升地区国家维护航道畅通和安全的能力。作为马六甲海峡的主要使用国之一，中国一贯支持并积极参与海峡航行安全和环境保护合作机制，每年向海峡助航设施基金提供捐助，并为海峡沿岸国建立潮汐、水流和风观测站提供技术和资金支持。

 

Second, capacity building for SLOCs security should be enhanced. The parties need to strengthen bilateral and multilateral dialogue and cooperation. Diversified training programs and workshops could be held to enhance experience sharing and mutual learning so as to steadily build up capabilities of regional countries to maintain smooth and safe SLOCs. As one of the main users of the Straits of Malacca, China has all along supported and actively engaged in the Cooperative Mechanism on Navigation Safety and Environmental Protection. We provide donations to the Aids to Navigation Fund every year, and technical and financial support to littoral states to help them set up tide, current and wind measurement systems.

 

中国、美国和相关邻国一道，在ARF框架举办了两次海洋环境安全研讨会，并推动今年的ARF外长会通过了《海上溢油事故预防、准备、应对和恢复合作声明》。作为后续措施，中方拟于下年度主办海上溢油应急研讨会，推动各方成立专家网络，为加强海洋环境保护能力建设搭建新的合作平台。

 

Working in collaboration with the United States and relevant neighboring countries, China has held two workshops on maritime environment security within the ARF framework, and promoted the adoption at this year’s ARF of the Statement on Cooperation in Prevention, Preparedness, Response and Restoration from Marine Oil Spill Incidents. As a follow-up, China plans to host the ARF Workshop on Emergency Management of Offshore Oil Spill next year to promote the establishment of an expert network on oil spill response. We hope it will build a new platform for cooperation on marine environmental protection capacity building.

 

三是要完善海上行为规则。各方应在ARF等地区多边机制框架下加强对海上行为规则和加强危机管控的讨论，争取为航道安全打造稳定可靠的制度框架。今年在华举行的西太平洋海军论坛年会通过新版《海上意外相遇规则》，中美两国国防部不久前签署了关于建立重大军事行动相互通报信任措施机制的谅解备忘录和关于海空相遇安全行为准则的谅解备忘录，这对于保障海上航行和航道安全都具有重要意义。下年度，中方还拟举办以海上危机管控为主题的研讨会，推动各方加强交流与合作。

 

Third, codes of conduct at sea should be improved. The parties need to enhance discussions at the ARF and other regional multilateral mechanisms about the code of conduct and crisis management at sea to build a stable and reliable institutional mechanism for SLOCs security. The new version of the Code for Unplanned Encounters at Sea (CUES) was adopted at the Western Pacific Naval Symposium held in China this year. Chinese and US defence ministries recently signed the MOU on Notification of Major Military Activities Confidence-Building Measures Mechanism and the MOU on the Rules of Behavior for Safety of Air and Maritime Encounters, which are of great significance for ensuring navigation and sea lane security. In this context, China plans to host a seminar next year on management of maritime crisis to promote exchange and cooperation among the parties.

 

四是妥善处理海上争议，为加强海上安全合作营造良好政治氛围。本地区存在领土主权和海洋权益争议问题，但这并未影响海上航行自由和安全，海上形势总体也是稳定的，这主要得益于地区国家致力于以对话协商妥善处理矛盾分歧。中国和东盟国家在南海问题上保持有效沟通，达成许多共识。我们提出处理南海问题的“双轨思路”，即由直接当事国协商谈判解决争议，中国与东盟国家共同维护南海和平稳定，为妥善处理南海问题找到了现实有效途径。各方均致力于全面有效落实《南海各方行为宣言》，同意在协商一致基础上早日达成“南海行为准则”，并已商定“准则”磋商“早期收获”，包括达成第一份共识文件，建立海上联合搜救热线平台及应对海上紧急事态外交高官热线等。实践证明，中国和东盟国家有智慧、有能力共同维护南海和平稳定。

 

Fourth, maritime disputes should be properly handled to create an enabling political environment for better maritime security cooperation. Indeed, there are disputes in our region over territories and maritime rights and interests. But they have not affected the freedom and security of navigation, and the situation at sea is stable in general. This is primarily a result of the commitment of regional countries to properly settling their disputes through dialogue and consultation. China and ASEAN countries have maintained effective dialogue on the South China Sea issue, and made significant headway. We follow the “dual-track” approach, that is, disputes are to be resolved through negotiations by countries directly concerned while peace and stability in the South China Sea is maintained jointly by China and ASEAN countries. This is a realistic and effective way to properly handle the South China Sea issue. Parties remain committed to full and effective implementation of the DOC, and agree to conclude a COC based on consensus at an early date. “Early harvest” for the COC is being discussed, which includes the first document on commonalities, and joint maritime search and rescue hotline and senior officials’ hotline for maritime emergencies. Facts have shown that China and ASEAN countries have the wisdom and capability to jointly maintain peace and stability in the South China Sea.

 

女士们，先生们，朋友们，

 

Ladies and gentlemen,

Dear friends,

 

ARF是亚太地区最具影响力和包容性的多边安全对话合作机制，将促进海上安全合作作为重点领域并取得显著成效，是地区国家探讨推进海上航道安全合作的重要平台。未来，各方应充分发挥论坛作用，开展更多形式多样的合作，为维护地区航道安全、促进地区繁荣稳定作出更大贡献。

 

As the most influential and inclusive multilateral mechanism for security dialogue and cooperation in the Asia-Pacific, ARF prioritizes maritime security cooperation and has generated remarkable results in this field. It is an important platform for regional countries to discuss and promote SLOCs security cooperation. Looking to the future, it is important that the parties give full play to the role of the forum and conduct more cooperation in more forms to make greater contribution to SLOCs security as well as prosperity and stability in the region.

 

最后，预祝此次研讨会圆满成功！

 

On this note, may I wish this workshop a complete success.

 

谢谢大家！

 

Thank you.