世行行长金墉在2014年国际货币基金组织/世界银行年会“上的演讲（中英对照）

英文版：Tackling the Most Difficult Problems.doc 

中文版：“解决最大难题：基础设施、埃博拉和气候变化”.doc

“Tackling the Most Difficult Problems: Infrastructure, Ebola and Climate Change”

“解决最大难题：基础设施、埃博拉和气候变化”

 

IMF/World Bank Annual Meetings 2014

2014年国际货币基金组织/世界银行年会

 

World Bank Group President Jim Yong Kim

世界银行集团行长金墉

 

Washington, D.C., United States

华盛顿，美国

 

October 10, 2014

2014年10月10日

 

Chairman Pruaitch, Madame Lagarde, Governors, my friends Jim and Elaine Wolfensohn, Mrs. Robert McNamara, partners, and friends:

 

普鲁艾奇主席，拉加德女士，各位理事，我的朋友吉姆和伊莱恩·沃尔芬森，罗伯特·麦克纳马拉夫人，各位合作伙伴，朋友们：

 

It is wonderful to see you again.

 

再次见到各位真是太好了。

 

First, I’d like to congratulate the winners of the Nobel Peace Prize, Malala Yousafzai and Kailash Satyarthi. Just one year ago, Malala and I sat together on a stage at the World Bank. She is an inspiration to all of us, and gives us hope for the new generation – especially the new generation of girls.

 

首先，我想对诺贝尔和平奖得主马拉拉和萨蒂亚尔蒂表示祝贺。就在一年前，马拉拉和我一起坐在世界银行的讲台上。她对我们大家是一个鼓舞，让我们对新一代、特别是新一代女童充满希望。

 

When we were together last year, I spoke at length about the World Bank Group’s plans for its most significant reorganization in nearly two decades. Our goal was to ensure that we were fit for the purpose of meeting our twin goals: ending extreme poverty by 2030, and boosting shared prosperity for the poorest 40 percent in developing countries.

 

在去年年会时，我详细介绍了世界银行近20年来最重要的改组计划，我们的目标是确保世行能够胜任两大目标：到2030年终结极度贫困，促进发展中国家40%最贫困人口共享繁荣。

 

During the last year, our reorganization has been a monumental undertaking. The World Bank Group has more than 16,000 staff, and about 7,000 of them have been transferred or remapped to new jobs. We have offices in more than 100 countries. And we made loans and investments last year totaling more than $60 billion dollars. The reorganization was launched with a clear purpose: We needed to be the best in the world at collecting and sharing development knowledge for the benefit of all our clients.

 

在过去一年里，我们的改组工作任务繁重。世界银行集团有员工1.6万多人，其中约7000人被调到或重新划分到新的工作岗位。我们在100多个国家设有办事处，我们去年的贷款和投资总额突破600亿美元。改组启动时的目标很明确：我们需要在收集和分享发展知识惠及全体客户方面达到最佳状态。

 

Starting in July, we set up 19 different communities of experts – groups of some of the best development professionals in the world on water, finance, education, and climate, among many others. Their job is to seek out the best solutions to the most difficult development problems, and to share those solutions with our clients in a way that will further our mission to end poverty and boost shared prosperity.

 

从7月份开始，我们建立了19个发展实践局，集中了包括水、金融、教育和气候等领域的一批世界顶尖的发展专业人才。他们的任务是探索针对最棘手的发展难题的最佳解决方案，并本着推进终结贫困和促进共享繁荣的使命，与我们的客户分享这些解决方案。

 

At the same time, we knew that we needed to substantially increase our ability to provide financing, risk management products, and other financial services, to middle-income countries. Through the creative and intense work of our finance group, brilliantly led by Bertrand Badré, we have increased our annual lending capacity for these emerging economies, from $15 billion dollars to more than $25 billion per year. This flexibility will help us direct more resources to the areas that need them most – sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia, which is where most of the world’s poorest people live.

 

与此同时，我们知道我们需要显著提高向中等收入国家提供融资、风险管理工具以及其他金融服务的能力。通过我们财政团队在伯特兰·巴德尔的英明领导下开展的创造性的紧张工作，我们把对这些新兴经济体的年贷款能力从每年150亿美元增加到250多亿美元。这种灵活度将有助于我们向最需要的地区、即占世界贫困人口最多的撒哈拉以南非洲和南亚输送更多的资源。

 

Economic growth is the most powerful tool we have to end poverty, yet without infrastructure – electricity, water, and roads – growth will never take off. As I will explain, the world’s deficit of these building blocks for growth is substantial. Just think about the fact that sub-Saharan Africa generates as much power in a year as Spain. If we are to end poverty, we need to power Africa.  

 

经济增长是我们终结贫困的最有力的工具。但在没有电、水和路等基础设施的情况下，经济增长是无法实现的。我后面会说明世界上这些经济增长基础的缺失有多么严重。只要想想这样一个事实：撒哈拉以南非洲一年的发电量仅相当于西班牙的发电量。我们想要终结贫困，就需要为非洲提供电力。

 

The World Bank Group’s financing for infrastructure reached $24 billion dollars in fiscal year 2014 – nearly 40 percent of our total commitments. But our loans and projects will fall far short of what the developing world needs. The infrastructure gap is simply enormous – an estimated $1 trillion to $1.5 trillion dollars more is needed each year. To fill this gap, we need to tap into the trillions of dollars held by institutional investors – most of which is sitting on the sidelines – and direct those assets into projects that will have great benefit for a range of developing countries.

 

世界银行集团2014财年的基础设施融资达到240亿美元，占世行贷款总承诺额近40%。但我们的贷款和项目远不能满足发展中世界的需要。基础设施的缺口巨大，据估计每年还需要再增加1万亿至1.5万亿美元。为了填补这个缺口，我们需要利用机构投资者的数万亿美元资产——其中大部分处于闲置，引导这些资产投入到能对广大发展中国家带来巨大效益的项目。

 

Today, the developing world spends about $1 trillion dollars on infrastructure, and only a small share of those projects involve private actors. Overall, private investments and public-private partnerships in developing countries totaled $150 billion dollars in 2013, down from $186 billion dollars in 2012. So it will take the commitment of all of us to help low- and middle-income countries bridge the massive infrastructure divide.

 

今天，发展中世界投入约1万亿美元进行基础设施建设，而这些项目中只有少数有私营部门的参与。从整体上看，2013年发展中国家的私人投资和公私合作项目投资总计1500亿美元，与2012年的1860亿美元相比出现下降。所以需要我们大家共同致力于帮助低收入国家和中等收入国家缩小巨大的基础设施鸿沟。

 

Yesterday, we announced the creation of the Global Infrastructure Facility, which is designed to attract financing for these states’ infrastructure needs. This platform, called the GIF, will bring together institutional investors, development banks, and public officials to tackle the infrastructure deficit in new and creative ways. Together, they will create a robust pipeline of infrastructure projects for emerging markets and poor countries. 

 

昨天，我们宣布建立“全球基础设施基金”，其目的是为了吸引资金满足这些国家的基础设施需求。这个简称GIF的平台将汇聚机构投资者、发展银行和政府官员，共同以创造性的新方式解决基础设施不足的问题。齐心协力，他们可以为新兴市场和贫困国家带来源源不断的基础设施项目。

 

While building infrastructure will help us promote growth in the long run, ending poverty by 2030 also requires us to be vigilant against threats to the growth of the global economy.  In a world where natural disasters, conflict, financial shocks and epidemics are becoming more frequent and destructive, we at the World Bank Group must do everything we can to become even more relevant. Indeed, we’ve been fully engaged lately in fighting two of these global threats: the Ebola epidemic and climate change. This is no accident. It exemplifies what we want to become – an indispensable partner for both low- and middle-income countries in their efforts to solve their most difficult challenges.

 

在通过基础设施建设促进长期增长的同时，到2030年终结贫困的目标还要求我们对全球经济增长面临的威胁提高警惕。在一个自然灾害、冲突、金融冲击和流行病日益频繁和造成破坏的世界，我们世界银行集团必须竭尽全力凸显我们存在的意义。的确，最近我们全力以赴对抗全球两大威胁：埃博拉疫情和气候变化。这绝非偶然，而是反映出我们希望达到的目标——即成为低收入国家和中等收入国家为解决最困难的挑战所做努力中不可获取的合作伙伴。

 

Ebola and climate change have a few things in common. Most importantly, we are running out of time to find solutions to both. Also, until very recently, the plans to fight them were either non-existent or inadequate. And, inaction is literally killing people – one because of the rapid spread of a deadly virus, the other from the poisoning of the atmosphere and the oceans. And finally, perhaps most critically from our point of view, resolving these problems is essential to development, whether from the perspective of human suffering, economic growth, or public health.

 

埃博拉疫情和气候变化有几个共同点。最重要的一点是，解决这两个问题已时不我待。而且直至不久前，解决这两个问题的计划还不存在或者不完善。无为就是杀人，一个是因为致命病毒快速扩散，另一个是因为大气层和海洋遭到毒害。最后，也许从我们的观点来看也是最关键的 ，就是解决这些问题对于发展至关重要，无论是从人类苦难、经济增长还是从公众健康的角度都是如此。

 

In our work on both Ebola and climate, we have not only been in the middle of pressing global concerns, we also have been working differently, and more effectively, at least partly because our reorganization and focus on innovation has made us more fit for purpose.

 

在我们抗击埃博拉和气候变化的工作中，我们不仅投身于解决全球当务之急，而且是以不同的方式更有效地工作，至少其中一个原因是我们通过重组和关注创新使我们更加胜任。

 

For Ebola, the global response has been late, inadequate and slow. Recently, the international community has made positive strides in its response, led by the United States and the United Kingdom, as well as international institutions like the United Nations and the International Monetary Fund.

 

就埃博拉而言，全球反应迟钝、不足和缓慢。最近国际社会在美英等国以及联合国和IMF等国际机构的领导下迈出了积极的应对步伐。

 

Nonetheless, we still can do much more. Close to a year ago, just weeks after Typhoon Haiyan caused major destruction and loss of lives in the Philippines, 150 medical response teams – each with 25 to 30 people – had been deployed to the archipelago’s hardest-hit areas. But in Guinea, Liberia and Sierra Leone, the three West African countries hit hardest by the Ebola outbreak, just 30 medical response teams are on the ground, treating and caring for patients – even though we are now 11 months into this crisis. More health workers have been promised, but they’re arriving too slowly.

 

然而，我们还有很多工作可做。将近一年前，在台风海燕对菲律宾造成严重破坏和生命损失之后的数周内，150个医疗队、每队25至30人已经分布在菲律宾群岛中受灾最严重的地区。但是在埃博拉疫情最严重的三个西非国家几内亚、利比里亚和塞拉利昂，仅仅只有30个医疗队在实地医治和看护患者，尽管危机爆发已有11个月之久。虽然承诺派遣更多的医护人员，但他们姗姗来迟。

 

The Ebola outbreak poses one of the most complex and difficult challenges that I’ve seen in all my years as an infectious disease physician. Because of the poverty in the three most affected countries, it exceeds the capacity of their emergency, health and fiscal resources. Faced with these conditions, we must guard against approaches that are based on aspirations for these countries and the poor that are too low to treat and contain the epidemic.

 

埃博拉疫情是我作为传染病医生多年来所见过的最复杂、最困难的挑战，由于三个疫情最严重国家的贫困状况，这一挑战已经超出了他们的应急、医疗和财政资源的能力。在这种情况下，我们必须警惕那些基于对这些国家和穷人医治和遏制病毒传播愿望低下的做法。

 

Usually, the World Bank Group has worked in the medium- to long-term on development projects and helping clients build the systems necessary to promote economic growth, create jobs, educate children, and improve health. To combat Ebola, we needed to move to an emergency footing and quickly. 

 

通常，世界银行集团从事的是中长期发展项目和帮助客户为促进经济增长、创造就业、教育儿童和改善健康建立必要的制度。为了抗击埃博拉疫情，我们需要转到立足于应急和快速响应。