金墉：利用技术助力反腐败（中英对照）

英文版：Corruption Fight Aided by Technology.doc

中文版：利用技术助力反腐败.doc

Corruption Fight Aided by Technology

利用技术助力反腐败

 

Good governance is critical for all countries around the world today. When it doesn’t exist, many governments fail to deliver public services effectively; health and education services are often substandard; corruption persists in rich and poor countries alike, choking opportunity and growth. It will be difficult to reduce extreme poverty – let alone end it – without addressing the importance of good governance.

 

良政善治现在对世界各国都十分重要。在没有良政善治的情况下，许多政府无法有效地提供公共服务；教育卫生服务质量低下；腐败现象在富国穷国都持续存在，扼杀机会，阻碍经济增长。不解决好良政善治这个重要问题，就难以减少极度贫困，更不用说消除极度贫困。

 

But this is not a hopeless situation. In fact, a new wave of progress on governance suggests we may be on the threshold of a transformational era. Countries are tapping into some of the most powerful forces in the world today to improve services and transparency. These forces include the spread of information technology and its convergence with grassroots movements for transparency, accountability and citizen empowerment. In some places, this convergence is easing the path to better-performing and more accountable governments.

 

但是，这种情形并非无可救药。事实上，在治理问题上取得的新一轮进步显示，我们可能正在迈入一个变革时代。世界各国利用当今世界最强大的力量改善服务和提升透明度。这些力量包括信息技术的传播及其与争取透明度、问责和公民赋权的草根运动的汇合。在一些地方，这种汇合正在为建立高绩效、负责任的政府扫清障碍。

 

The Philippines is a good example of a country embracing good governance. During a recent visit, I spoke with President Benigno Aquino about his plans to reduce poverty, create jobs, and ensure that economic growth is inclusive. He talked in great detail about how improving governance is a fundamentally important part of their strategy. The government has opened government data and contract information so citizens can see how their tax money is spent. The Foreign Aid Transparency Hub, launched after Typhoon Yolanda, offers a real-time look at pledges made and money delivered for typhoon recovery. Geo-tagging tools monitor assistance for people affected by the typhoon.

 

菲律宾是拥抱良政善治的一个好榜样。在最近的一次访问中，我和贝尼格诺·阿基诺总统谈到他的减少贫困、创造就业和确保包容性经济增长的计划。他详尽地介绍了改善治理如何成为他们战略的一项根本性内容。政府公开政府统计数据和联系方式，使公民能够了解他们所缴纳的税款是怎么花的。在台风海燕过后设立的“外援透明度中心”提供灾后恢复重建资金承诺与到位情况的实时查询，而地理标记工具监测为台风灾民提供的援助使用情况。

 

Opening budgets to scrutiny

公开政府预算接受社会监督

 

This type of openness is spreading. Now many countries that once withheld information are opening their data and budgets to public scrutiny.

 

政府信息公开化趋势日益扩大，许多过去不公开信息的国家现在都在公开数据和预算信息接受公众监督。

 

Late last year, my organization, the World Bank Group, established the Open Budgets Portal, a repository for budget data worldwide. So far, 13 countries have posted their entire public spending datasets online – including Togo, the first fragile state to do so.

 

去年下半年，我所在的世界银行集团建立了公开预算门户网站作为全世界的预算数据信息文库。截至目前已有13个国家将其公共支出数据信息全部上网，汤加在脆弱国家中率先做出此举。

 

In 2011, we helped Moldova become the first country in central Europe to launch an open data portal and put its expenditures online. Now the public and media can access more than 700 datasets, and are asking for more.

 

2011年，我们帮助摩尔多瓦成为中欧地区首个建立公开数据门户网站和政府支出数据信息上网的国家。现在公众和媒体可以查阅700多个数据集并要求继续增加。

 

The original epicenter of the Arab Spring, Tunisia, recently passed a new constitution and is developing the first open budget data portal in the Middle East and North Africa. Tunisia has taken steps towards citizen engagement by developing a citizens’ budget and civil society-led platforms such as Marsoum41, to support freedom of information requests, including via mobile.

 

阿拉伯之春的发源地突尼斯最近通过了新宪法，建立了中东北非地区首个公开数据门户网站。突尼斯采取措施推进公民参与，通过建立公民预算与公民社会主导的平台如“Marsoum41”来支持信息申请自由，包括通过移动设备查询信息。

 

Using technology to improve services

利用技术改善服务

 

Countries also are tapping into technology to improve public and private services. Estonia is famous for building an information technology infrastructure that has permitted widespread use of electronic services – everything from filing taxes online to filling doctors’ drug prescriptions.

 

各国也在利用技术改善公共与私营服务。爱沙尼亚建立了一个方便广泛使用电子服务的信息技术基础设施而闻名于世，提供从网上纳税申报到填写医生药方等各种服务。

 

In La Paz, Bolivia, a citizen feedback system known as OnTrack allows residents of one of the city’s marginalized neighborhoods to send a text message on their mobile phones to provide feedback, make suggestions, or report a problem related to public services.

 

在玻利维亚的拉巴斯建立了一个叫做“OnTrack”的公民反馈系统，方便当地贫困社区居民能够通过手机短信提供反馈、提出建议或者投诉公共服务存在的问题。

 

In Pakistan, government departments in Punjab are using smart phones to collect real-time data on the activities of government field staff – including photos and geo-tags – to help reduce absenteeism and lax performance.

 

在巴基斯坦旁遮普邦的政府部门利用智能手机收集关于政府实地工作人员的实时信息，包括图片和地理标记，以助减少缺勤和工作松懈现象。

 

Good governance = good economics

良政善治=良好的经济学

 

These are just a few examples of the steps countries are taking to improve services and become more transparent. Awareness is growing that good governance is good economics. This perception is backed by research suggesting a strong relationship between effective government institutions and economic growth.

 

这些仅仅是各国采取措施改善服务和提升透明度的几个例子。对于良政善治是良好的经济学的意识正在不断提高。支持这种看法的依据是，研究证明有效的政府机制与经济增长密切相关。

 

Good governance is vital to ending extreme poverty. With greater transparency and accountability, citizens can enjoy more effective health and education services, and a dynamic private sector can create good jobs to allow millions of people to lift themselves out of poverty.

 

良政善治对于消除极度贫困至关重要。有了更大的透明度和问责性，公民才能享有更有效的教育卫生服务，生机勃勃的私营部门才能创造良好的就业岗位使亿万人民得以脱贫。

 

Clearly, many challenges remain in fighting corruption and promoting good governance. I’d like to hear from people who have first-hand experience in both developed and developing countries with anti-corruption or governance programs. What has worked, and what hasn’t? Please share your thoughts on this issue in comments below.

 

显而易见，在打击腐败和促进良政善治方面仍存在许多挑战。我希望聆听发达国家和发展中国家的人民在反腐败或治理计划方面的亲身经历，哪些方法行得通，哪些行不通？请在此发表评论分享您对于这个问题的想法。