国新办中国节水灌溉状况新闻发布会

英语口译、笔译资料下载

原声视频：mms://219.142.85.68/scio/2014.09.29FBHQC.wmv

或 http://mp4.china.com.cn/video_tide/video/2014/9/29/20149291411963158596_360.mp4

原声音频：http://pan.baidu.com/s/1kTmPUT5

文字实录：中国节水灌溉状况发布会.doc

英文版：Speech by Li Guoying at the Press Release of the State Council Information Office.doc

在国务院新闻办新闻发布会上的讲话

Speech at the Press Release of the State Council Information Office

 

水利部副部长李国英

Mr. Li Guoying, Vice Minister of Ministry of Water Resources, P.R. China

 

2014年9月29日

September 29, 2014

 

女士们、先生们，

 

Ladies and Gentlemen,

 

上午好。欢迎大家出席今天的新闻发布会，感谢各位记者朋友长期以来对水利工作的关心和支持，下面我就我国节水灌溉的发展状况向大家作一简要介绍。

 

Good morning. Welcome to this press conference and thank you for your long-term care and support to the water sector. Hereby, I would like to introduce to you the development of water-saving irrigation in China.

 

一、节水灌溉发展现状与成效

I. Status Quo and Achievements of Water-saving Irrigation

 

我国的基本国情是人多地少水缺。特别是具有不可替代性的水资源，人均只有2100立方米，仅为世界平均水平的28%。随着我国人口不断增加、经济持续快速发展和对生态环境质量要求的逐步提高，水资源不足已越来越成为严重的瓶颈制约。

 

A large population but limited land and scarce water resources constitute the basic national situation of China. In particular, water, as an irreplaceable resource, only counts to 2,100 m3 per capita in China, a mere 28% of the world average. Along with continuous population growth, rapid sustained economic development and increasingly high demand for eco-environmental quality, shortage of water becomes a severe bottleneck for China.

 

解决水资源危机的出路：一是开源，二是节流。就我国目前的发展阶段和水平而言，节流应为首要途径。农业是第一用水大户，也是节水最具潜力的行业。大力发展节水灌溉，自然就成为我国缓解水资源供需矛盾的必然选择。

 

There are two solutions to the water crisis, namely, to tap new sources of supply in the first and to reduce consumption secondly. In view of current stage of development in China, reduction of consumption should be regarded as the primary solution. Agriculture is the largest water user and therefore the sector with the greatest water-saving potential in China. Hence, vigorous development of water-saving irrigation naturally becomes the inevitable choice for China to mitigate the conflict between water supply and demand.

 

因此，中国政府提出“把节水灌溉作为一项革命性措施来抓”。新世纪以来，连续11个中央1号文件和中央水利工作会议，都要求把节水灌溉作为重大战略举措，2012年印发了《国家农业节水纲要（2012-2020年）》，对节水灌溉提出了明确的发展目标和要求。在中央和地方一系列政策措施出台和不断加大投入的情况下，我国节水灌溉发展进入前所未有的快车道。截至2013年底，全国有效灌溉面积达到9.52亿亩（6347万公顷），其中节水灌溉工程面积4.07亿亩（2711万公顷），约占有效灌溉面积的43%。高效节水灌溉面积2.14亿亩（1427万公顷），约占有效灌溉面积的22%，其中低压管道输水1.11亿亩（740万公顷）、喷灌0.45亿亩（300万公顷）、微灌0.58亿亩（387万公顷）。

 

Bearing this in mind, the Chinese government has proposed to “develop water-saving irrigation as a revolutionary measure”. Since the beginning of the new century, 11 successive No. 1 Documents of the central government and the 2011 CPC’s Central Working Conference on Water Conservancy have all emphasized the need to regard water-saving irrigation as a key strategic measure. The National Outline on Agricultural Water Saving (2012-2020) released in 2012 put forward explicit goals for and requirements on water-saving irrigation. With the birth of a series of central and local policy measures and continuous increase of central and local financial input, water-saving irrigation in China has entered an unprecedented fast track. As of the end of 2013, effective irrigation area nationwide amounted to 952 million mu (63.47 million hectare), of which 407 million mu (27.11 million hectare) or roughly 43% was covered by water-saving irrigation projects, and 214 million mu (14.27 million hectare) of land or about 22% enjoyed highly efficient water-saving irrigation, in which low-pressure pipe irrigation, spray irrigation and micro irrigation take up 111 million mu (7.40 million hectare), 45 million mu (3 million hectare) and 58 million mu (3.87 million hectare) respectively.

 

节水灌溉成效主要体现在，一是节约了水资源。2000年以来，我国农田亩均灌溉用水量由420立方米下降到361立方米，农田灌溉水有效利用系数由0.43提高到0.52，农田灌溉用水量占全社会用水总量的比例从63%降低到55%，有效灌溉面积由8.25亿亩增加到9.52亿亩。二是增加了粮食产量。节水灌溉措施亩均增产粮食10%-40%。2000年以来，单方灌溉水粮食产量由1.33公斤增加到1.75公斤。三是提高了肥料、农药使用效率。高效节水灌溉实现了水肥药一体化，与传统灌溉方式相比，肥料、农药利用率提高了5%-20%。四是发挥了综合效益，促进了现代农业发展。节水灌溉不仅实现了节能、省地、省时、省工、减排等综合效益，而且提高了技术集成、机械化、专业化生产经营程度，促进了农业规模化、集约化和现代化。五是带动了节水产业发展。目前，全国生产节水灌溉设备和材料的厂家已有2000多家，形成了年生产3000多万亩节水灌溉设备和材料的供应能力。同时，节水灌溉的产、学、研水平不断得到提升。

 

Water-saving irrigation has produced the following major benefits: (1) Conservation of water resources. Since 2000, irrigation water consumption per mu of farmland in China has declined from 420 m3 to 361 m3, the farmland irrigation water use coefficient has gone up from 0.43 to 0.52, the proportion of farmland irrigation water consumption in total water consumption has declined from 63% to 55%, and effective irrigation area has increased from 825 million mu (55 million hectare) to 952 million mu (63.47 million hectare). (2) Higher grain output. Average grain output per mu has increased by 10%-40% with the use of water-saving irrigation. Since 2000, grain output per 1 m3 of irrigation water has increased from 1.33 to 1.75 kilograms. (3) Greater use efficiency of fertilizers and pesticides. Highly efficient water-saving irrigation realizes integration of water, fertilizers and pesticides, which, when compared with traditional irrigation methods, improves use efficiency of fertilizers and pesticides by 5%-20%. (4) Comprehensive benefits for promotion of modern agricultural development. Water-saving irrigation not only brings along comprehensive benefits such as energy conservation, saving of land, time and labor, and reduction of emission, but also enhances technological integration, mechanization and modernization, and thereby promotes the development of intensive modern agriculture with economy of scale. (5) Catalyzing development of the water-saving industry. At present there are more than 2,000 manufacturers of water-saving irrigation devices and materials nationwide, with a combined capacity of supplying water-saving irrigation devices and materials for an aggregate area of over 30 million mu (2 million hectare) on an annual basis. Meanwhile, the manufacturing, study and research relating to water-saving irrigation have all witnessed continuous progress.

 

二、进一步发展节水灌溉的目标与措施

II. Goal and Measures for Further Development of Water-saving Irrigation

 

按照党中央、国务院的决策部署，积极推进节水供水重大水利工程建设，大力发展节水灌溉，力争到2020年，将全国节水灌溉工程面积占有效灌溉面积的比例提高到60%以上，将高效节水灌溉面积占有效灌溉面积的比例提高到30%以上，农田灌溉水有效利用系数达到0.55以上。

 

In line with the decisions and deployment of the State Council, China is actively promoting the construction of key water saving and water supply projects and vigorously developing water-saving irrigation. It is targeted that by 2020, the proportion of water-saving irrigation project area nationwide is enhanced to over 60% over total effectively irrigated area, and that of highly efficient water-saving irrigation area is up to over 30% in total effectively irrigated area, while the farmland irrigation water use coefficient is raised to above 0.55.

 

1、加大已有灌区的节水改造力度。到2020年基本完成全国434处大型灌区和2157处重点中型灌区节水改造。在水土资源条件具备的地区，建设一批节水型新灌区。

 

(1) Enhance water-saving renovation of existing irrigation areas. By 2020 China shall complete water-saving renovation of 434 large irrigation districts and 2,157 key medium-sized irrigation districts, and construct a group of new water-saving irrigation districts in places with appropriate water and soil conditions.

 

2、规模化发展高效节水灌溉。全面实施东北节水增粮、西北节水增效、华北节水压采、南方节水减排等规模化高效节水灌溉。山丘区因地制宜建设“五小水利”工程，发展集雨节灌。大力推广水稻节水控制灌溉技术。

 

(2) Develop highly efficient water-saving irrigation with economy of scale. Highly efficient water-saving irrigation with economy of scale shall be put into practice in a full manner, including water-saving irrigation for higher grain yield in north-eastern China, water-saving irrigation for higher efficiency in north-western China, less extraction of ground water through water-saving irrigation in northern China, and water-saving irrigation for emission reduction in south China. In hilly areas, tailored “five categories of small water works” (i.e., small water cellars, small water ponds, small ditches, small dams and small drainage/irrigation stations) shall be constructed, and rainwater shall be harvested for water-saving irrigation. Technologies for water-saving control irrigation shall be extended vigorously in rice paddocks.

 

3、建立节水灌溉倒逼机制。落实最严格水资源管理制度，实行灌溉用水总量控制和定额管理，以及与之相适应的农业水价合理形成机制，以此形成有利于节水灌溉发展的绩效考核和经济调节倒逼机制。

 

(3) Establish reversal pressure mechanisms that compel the practice of water-saving irrigation. We will implement the most stringent water resources management system, practice total quantity control and quota management of irrigation water consumption, implement corresponding mechanisms for rational pricing of agricultural water consumption, and thereby reversal pressure mechanisms of performance evaluation and economic regulation favoring the development of water-saving irrigation should be in place.

 

4、建立节水灌溉激励机制。积极探索民办公助、以奖代补、先建后补等实现途径，鼓励和引导农民、农民用水合作组织和新型农业经营者成为节水灌溉工程建设和管理的主体。通过完善价格、税收、金融等优惠政策，吸引社会资本投入节水灌溉。探索建立节水灌溉节约水量使用权交易和政府回购机制。

 

(4) Set up incentives for water-saving irrigation: Efforts shall be made to actively explore ways that facilitate water-saving irrigation such as government support for private operation, substitution of subsidies with rewards and compensation after construction, encourage and guide farmers, farmers’ water use cooperatives and new-style agricultural business owners to become major players in the construction and management of water-saving irrigation works. At the meantime, preferential policies on water tariff, taxation and financial services will be improved to attract the investment of more social capital into water-saving irrigation. In addition, explorations will be made to establish mechanisms for water using rights trading and government repurchase of water saved through water-saving irrigation.

 

5、建立节水灌溉长效运行机制。积极推进节水灌溉工程产权制度改革，明晰工程所有权和使用权，建立管护运行责任制。加强基层水利服务体系建设，加强灌溉试验和成果应用，科学指导节水灌溉。提高节水灌溉专业化、社会化服务能力和水平，使节水灌溉工程建得成、管得好、长受益。

 

(5) Construct a long-term operation mechanism for water-saving irrigation. Ownership reform of water-saving irrigation projects shall be actively driven forward to clarify project ownership and use rights, and set up the responsibility system for management, maintenance and operation of the projects. Grass-roots water service systems shall be further constructed and irrigation experiments and outcomes thereof better utilized to provide scientific guidance for water-saving irrigation. At the same time, we will work hard to provide more professional high-quality social services in association with water-saving irrigation and enable water-saving irrigation works successful construction, good governance and long-term benefits.

 

下面，我和我的同事愿意回答大家的提问。谢谢！

 

Now my colleagues and I are ready to take up your questions.